Outline of law explained

The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to law:

Law is the set of rules and principles (laws) by which a society is governed, through enforcement by governmental authorities. Law is also the field that concerns the creation and administration of laws, and includes any and all legal systems.

Nature of law

Law can be described as all of the following:

Academic discipline - the body of knowledge given to - or received by - a disciple (student); a branch or sphere of knowledge, or field of study, that an individual has chosen to specialise in.
- one of the humanities - an academic discipline that studies the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences.
System - set of elements (often called 'components' instead) and relationships which are different from relationships of the set or its elements to other elements or sets.
- part of the legal system - legal scholarship and practice shapes how the law is interpreted and applied in societies

Legal systems

List of national legal systems
Common law
Civil law (legal system)
Religious law
- Bahá'í laws
- Biblical law, in Judaism and Christianity
- Canon law, in Christianity
- Canon (canon law) - a certain rule or norm of conduct or belief prescribed by the Church. The word "canon" comes from the Greek kanon, which in its original usage denoted a straight rod that was later the instrument used by architects and artificers as a measuring stick for making straight lines.
  - Canons of the Apostles
  - Canon law of the Anglican Communion
    - Canon law of the Church of England
    - Canon law of the Episcopal Church in the United States
  - Canon law of the Catholic Church
    - Custom (Catholic canon law) - the repeated and constant performance of certain acts for a defined period of time, which, with the approval of the competent legislator, thereby acquire the force of law. A custom is an unwritten law introduced by the continuous acts of the faithful with the consent of the legitimate legislator.
    - Decree (Catholic canon law) - an order or law made by a superior authority for the direction of others.
    - Dispensation (Catholic canon law) - the exemption from the immediate obligation of law in certain cases. Its object is to modify the hardship often arising from the rigorous application of general laws to particular cases, and its essence is to preserve the law by suspending its operation in such cases.
    - Interpretation (Catholic canon law) - canonists provide and obey rules for the interpretation and acceptation of words, in order that legislation is correctly understood and the extent of its obligation is determined.
    - Obrogation - the enacting of a contrary law that is a revocation of a previous law. It may also be the partial cancellation or amendment of a law, decree, or legal regulation by the imposition of a newer one.
    - Promulgation (Catholic canon law) - the publication of a law by which it is made known publicly, and is required by canon law for the law to obtain legal effect.
- Halakha, in Judaism
- Hindu law
- Jain law
- Pāṭimokkha, in Theravada Buddhism
- Sharia, in Islam
Traditional Chinese law

Law by source

Canon (canon law)
Custom (customary law)
- Custom (Catholic canon law)
Precedent of past judicial decisions (stare decisis)
Statutory law
- Statute
Constitutional law
- Constitution
Regulatory law
Juristic writings (such as legal treatises)
Sources of international law
- Customary international law
- Treaty

Branches of law

Public law

Constitutional law
Tax law (revenue law)

Administrative law

Administrative law

Criminal law

Criminal law (penal law)
Criminal procedure

Substantive law and adjectival law

Law of persons

Person (Catholic canon law)

Civil law

Laws by jurisdictional scope

International law
- Public international law
- Conflict of laws (Private international law)
  - Dualism (law)
  - Legal pluralism
- Supranational law
- Law of the European Union
  - Treaties of the European Union
  - Regulation (European Union)
  - Directive (European Union)
  - European Union decision
  - European Union legislative procedure
Municipal law
- Federal law (National law)
- State law
- Local ordinance

History

History of law

Cuneiform law
Babylonian law
Ancient Greek law
Roman law
Early Germanic law
Legal history of the Catholic Church
- Jus antiquum

Basic legal concepts

Ignorantia juris non excusat
Presumption of innocence
- Presumption (canon law)
Treason
Rights (Outline)
Rule of law

People who have influenced law

Canon law

Aquinas, St. Thomas (wrote influential Treatise on Law)
Benedict XIV, Pope
Gratian ("Father of Canon Law", founder of canon law jurisprudence; canon law as legal system)
Hostiensis (most influential decretist)
Gregory IX, Pope (promulgated the Decretales Gregorii IX)
Gasparri, Pietro (codified the 1917 Code of Canon Law)
John Paul II, Pope (promulgated the 1983 Code of Canon Law and the 1990 Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches)
Penyafort, Raymond of (patron of canon lawyers, codified Decretales Gregorii IX)
Photios I of Constantinople (writer of a nomocanon)