Outline of immunology explained
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to immunology:
Immunology - study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms.[1] It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.
Essence of immunology
Immunology
- Branches of immunology:
1. General Immunology2. Basic Immunology3. Advanced Immunology4. Medical Immunology5. Pharmaceutical Immunology9. Clinical Immunology6. Environmental Immunology8. Cellular and Molecular Immunology9. Food and Agricultural Immunology--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History of immunology
History of immunology
General immunological concepts
Components of the immune system
Immune system
Adaptive immune system
Adaptive immune system
Innate immune system
Innate immune system
Organs of the immune system
Lymphatic system
Primary lymphoid organs
Primary lymphoid organs
Secondary lymphoid organs
Secondary lymphoid organs
Cells of the immune system
White blood cells
Myeloid cells
See main article: Myeloid cells and Phagocytes.
See also: Sentinel cell.
- Marginal zone macrophage - Spleen
- Metallophilic macrophage - Spleen
Lymphoid cells
Lymphoid cells
- B-2 cells (the conventional B cells most texts refer to)
- Lymphoid Tissue inducer cells (LTi cells)
Others
(Non-hematopoietic cells with immune functions)
Hematopoiesis
See main article: Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic stem cell.
See also: Leukopoiesis, Extramedullary hematopoiesis and Cellular differentiation.
Molecules of the immune system
Immune receptors
See main article: Immune receptor and co-receptors.
Antigen receptors
- Accessory molecule (CD79)
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
Pattern recognition receptor
See also: Pathogen-associated molecular pattern and Damage-associated molecular pattern.
- Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
- C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) [2] [3]
See also: C-type lectin.
- MSR1 (SCARA1)
- MARCO (SCARA2)
- SCARA3
- SCARA4 (COLEC12)
- SCARA5
- Class B - Two transmembrane domains
- NLRA (A for acidic transactivating domain)
- RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) - Intracellular sensors of viral replication by direct interaction with dsRNA
Complement receptors
Complement receptor
- CRIg (Complement receptor of the immunoglobulin family)
Fc receptors
Fc receptor
- Fc-gamma receptors (FcγR)
- FcγRT (Neonatal Fc receptor)
- Fc-alpha receptors (FcαR)
- Fc-epsilon receptors (FcεR)
Cytokine receptors
Cytokine receptor
- IL9R - Heterodimer: IL9R / γ-chain
- IL21R - Heterodimer: IL21R / γ-chain
- LIFR (CD118) - Heterodimer: LIFR / gp130
- EPOR (Erythropoietin receptor) - Homodimer
- G-CSFR (CD114) - Homodimer upon ligand binding
- MPL (CD110, Thrombopoietin receptor) - Homodimer upon ligand binding
- GHR (Growth hormone receptor) - Homodimer upon ligand binding
- PRLR (Prolactin receptor)
- C chemokine receptors (XCRs)
- CX3C chemokine receptors (CX3CRs)
Natural killer cell receptors
Natural killer cell receptors
- Natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs)
- Natural killer group 2 receptors (NKG2s)
- Two domains, long cytoplasmic tail
- Two domains, short cytoplasmic tail
- Three domains, long cytoplasmic tail
- Three domains, short cytoplasmic tail
Others
Antibodies
Antibodies
Cytokines
Cytokine
See also: Proinflammatory cytokine, Monokine and Lymphokine.
See also: Chemotaxis.
- LIF (Leukemia inhibitory factor)
MHCs
Major histocompatibility complex
See also: Human leukocyte antigen.
Complement proteins
- Early stage (divided by pathway)
- C9
- Complement pathway inhibitors
Antimicrobial peptides
Antimicrobial peptides
Transcription factors
- T-bet - TH1 differentiation
- GATA3 - TH2 differentiation
- RORγT - TH17 differentiation
- BCL6 - TFH differentiation
- FoxP3 - Treg differentiation
Signaling pathways
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
Cell adhesion molecules
- Leukocyte-adhesion receptor:
- Very late antigen receptor:
- SynCAMs - Synaptic cell adhesion molecules
- NCAMs - Neural cell adhesion molecules
Others
- CD28 - Expressed by T Cells
- CD278 (ICOS) - Homodimer, expressed by T Cells
Immune system disorders
Immune disorder
Hypersensitivity and Allergy
See main article: Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity and Autoimmune disease.
- Type 5 / Receptor mediated
- GVHD (Graft-versus-host disease)
Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency
See also: Immunocompetence.
- Acquired immunodeficiency
Inflammatory diseases
Immunoproliferative immunoglobulin disorders
Immunoproliferative immunoglobulin disorders
Lymphatic organ disease
Immunologic techniques and tests
Immunology and health
- Temporarily induced immunity
Immunologists
List of immunologists
Immunology lists
External links
Notes and References
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=imm.TOC&depth=2 Janeway's Immunobiology textbook
- Web site: HGNC Gene Group: C-type lectin domain containing. 2019-08-30 .
- Geijtenbeek TB, Gringhuis SI . Signalling through C-type lectin receptors: shaping immune responses . Nat. Rev. Immunol. . 9 . 7 . 465–79 . July 2009 . 19521399 . 10.1038/nri2569 . 7097056 .
- Royet J, Gupta D, Dziarski R . Peptidoglycan recognition proteins: modulators of the microbiome and inflammation . Nat. Rev. Immunol. . 11 . 12 . 837–51 . December 2011 . 22076558 . 10.1038/nri3089 . 5266193 .