| Oum El Bouaghi Province | |
| Other Name: | ولاية أم البواقي |
| Native Name Lang: | ar |
| Type: | Province |
| Map Caption1: | Map of the 12 districts of Oum El Bouaghi |
| Coordinates: | 35.8833°N 14°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Algeria |
| Seat Type: | Capital |
| Seat: | Oum El Bouaghi |
| Leader Title: | PPA president |
| Leader Name: | Mr. Chouia Taha Hocine (FLN) |
| Leader Title1: | Wāli |
| Leader Name1: | Mr. brimi djamel eddine |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Total Km2: | 6768 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 644364 |
| Population As Of: | 2008 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone1: | CET |
| Utc Offset1: | +01 |
| Iso Code: | DZ-04 |
| Area Code Type: | Area Code |
| Area Code: | +213 (0) 32 |
| Blank Name Sec1: | Districts |
| Blank Info Sec1: | 12 |
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | Municipalities |
| Blank1 Info Sec1: | 29 |
Oum El Bouaghi or Oum el-Bouaghi (Arabic: ولاية أم البواقي) is a province (wilaya) of Algeria in the Aures region. The capital is Oum el-Bouaghi, which was named Can Robert (during French occupation), Sidi R'Ghis a few years later, and Oum El Bouaghi before independence.
The province was created from Constantine (department) in 1974.
In 1984 Khenchela Province and Mila Province were carved out of its territory.
The province is divided into 12 districts (daïras), which are further divided into 29 communes or municipalities.