Ottoman–Persian War (1775–1776) Explained

Conflict:	Ottoman–Persian War of 1775-1776
Partof:	the Ottoman–Persian Wars
Date:	1775–1776
Result:	Persian victory^[1]
Territory:	Basra captured by the Zands, after three years the Ottomans regain control of Basra^[2] ^[3] ^[4]
Combatant1:	Velayat of Ardalan
Combatant2:	Pashalik of Iraq Omani Empire
Commander1:	Karim Khan Zand Sadeq Khan Zand Khosrow Khan Bozorgi
Commander2:	Abdul Hamid I Suleiman al-Jalili

The Ottoman–Persian War of 1775–1776 (or Ottoman–Iranian War of 1775–1776) was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Zand dynasty of Persia. The Persians, ruled by Karim Khan and led by his brother Sadeq Khan Zand,^[5] invaded southern Iraq^[6] and after besieging Basra for a year, took the city from the Ottomans in 1776.^[7] The Ottomans, unable to send troops, were dependent on the Mamluk governors to defend that region.

In an attempt to raise troops and provisions for this war, Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid I, made Suleiman al-Jalili mubayaaci (official of provisions), ordering him to send provisions to Baghdad, which he ignored, instead he restricted merchants from selling their goods.^[8] As a result, the Persians held Basra until 1779 when the Ottomans, under Sulayman Agha,^[9] retook the city, following Karim Khan's death.^[10]

See also

• Safavid occupation of Basra
• Ottoman–Persian Wars

Sources

• Book: Fisher . William Bayne . Avery . P. . Hambly . G. R. G . Melville . C. . The Cambridge History of Iran . 7 . . Cambridge . 1991 . 0521200954 .
• Encyclopedia: Karim Khan Zand . Perry . John R. . http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/karim-khan-zand . Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XV, Fasc. 6 . 561–564 . 2011 .
• Encyclopedia: Zand dynasty . Perry . John R. . http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/zand-dynasty . Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XV, Fasc. 6 . 2010 .
• Perry, John R., Karīm Khān Zand: a history of Iran, 1747–1779 University of Chicago Press, 1979, and One World Publications, 2006 .
• Malcolm, John, Sir, The history of Persia, from the most early period to the present time containing an account of the religion, government, usages, and character of the inhabitants of that kingdom in 2 volumes; London : Murray, 1815.; re-published by Adamant Media Corporation 2004 vol 1. ; vol. 2 .
• Book: Perry, John . The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic . 1991 . Cambridge University Press . Cambridge . The Zand dynasty . 63–104 . 9780521200950 .
• Book: Garthwaite, Gene R. . The Persians . 2005 . Wiley . 1–311 . 9781557868602 .
• Book: Shaw, Stanford . The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic . 1991 . Cambridge University Press . Cambridge . Iranian relations with the Ottoman Empire in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries . 297–314 . 9780521200950 .

Notes and References

1. Book: Fattah, Hala Mundhir. The Politics of Regional Trade in Iraq, Arabia, and the Gulf: 1745–1900. 1997. SUNY Press. 9781438402376. 34.
2. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/karim-khan-zand/ Encyclopedia Iranica
3. https://books.google.com/books?id=3amnMPTPP5MC&q=ottoman+persian+war+1775-1776+persian+victory%2F&pg=PA112 Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E
4. Book: Fattah, Hala Mundhir. The Politics of Regional Trade in Iraq, Arabia, and the Gulf: 1745-1900. 1997. SUNY Press. 9781438402376. 34.
5. Mohibbul Hasan, Waqai-i manazil-i Rum: Tipu Sultan's mission to Constantinople, (Aakar Books, 2005), 19.
6. Dina Rizk Khoury, State and Provincial Society in the Ottoman Empire: Mosul, 1540-1834, (Cambridge University Press, 2002), 47.
7. Dina Rizk Khoury, State and Provincial Society in the Ottoman Empire: Mosul, 1540-1834, 44.
8. Dina Rizk Khoury, State and Provincial Society in the Ottoman Empire: Mosul, 1540-1834, 69.
9. 'Abd al-Hamid I, M. Cavid Baysun, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R. Gibb, J.H. Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal and J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 62.
10. Dionisius A. Agius, In the Wake of the Dhow: The Arabian Gulf and Oman, (Ithaca Press, 2010), 15.