| Ossian Bingley Hart | |
| Office1: | Justice of the Supreme Court of Florida |
| Predecessor1: | Inaugural |
| Successor1: | Franklin D. Fraser |
| Office2: | Member of the Florida House of Representatives |
| Term2: | 1845 |
| Birth Date: | 17 January 1821 |
| Birth Place: | Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. |
| Death Place: | Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. |
| Party: | Republican |
| Signature: | Signature of Ossian Bingley Hart.png |
| Office: | Governor of Florida |
| Term Start: | January 7, 1873 |
| Term End: | March 18, 1874 |
| Order: | 10th |
| Lieutenant: | Marcellus Stearns |
| Predecessor: | Harrison Reed |
| Successor: | Marcellus Stearns |
| Termstart1: | 1868 |
| Termend1: | 1873 |
| Parents: | Isaiah Hart |
Ossian Bingley Hart (January 17, 1821 – March 18, 1874) was the 10th Governor of Florida from 1873 to 1874, and the first governor of Florida who was born in the state.
Born in Jacksonville to Isaiah Hart, one of the city's founders, he was raised on his father's plantation along the St. Johns River. He was a lawyer in Jacksonville. He moved to a farm near Fort Pierce, Florida in 1843, and was a founding member of the St. Lucie County Board of Commissioners.[1] In 1845, Hart became Florida State Representative for St. Lucie County. In 1846 he moved to Key West where he resumed his law practice. In 1856, he moved to Tampa, Florida. Among his clients was "Adam", a black man who was lynched after the Florida Supreme Court declared his murder conviction a mistrial.[2]
Despite his upbringing, Hart became a Republican and openly opposed secession from the United States, causing some difficult times for him during the American Civil War. Following the war, he helped reestablish the governments of the state and of the city of Jacksonville. In 1868, he was appointed a justice of the Florida Supreme Court. In 1870, he ran unsuccessfully for U.S. Congress, only to be elected governor two years later on November 5, 1872. He appointed Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs as Florida's first African-American Superintendent of Public Instruction. During his tenure, "limited civil rights legislation was passed, and some improvements were made in the state's weakened finances."[3] Weakened by the campaign, he fell ill with pneumonia and died in Jacksonville. He was succeeded by lieutenant governor Marcellus Stearns, Florida's last Republican governor until 1967.
He married his wife Catherine Smith Campbell, a resident of Newark, New Jersey, on October 3, 1843.[4] [5]