Osmer Beech Wheeler (February 14, 1809 Bethel, Fairfield County, Connecticut – August 11, 1906 Middletown, Orange County, New York) was an American politician from New York.
He was the son of Jesse Wheeler, a lawyer. Osmer B. Wheeler became a tanner, and in 1830 removed to Greene County, New York where he worked as a foreman at Zadock Pratt's tannery. In 1833, he married Rebecca Jones, and they had six children. About 1838, he removed to Sullivan County, New York, established there his own tannery in a place which lies now in the Town of Forestburgh.
Wheeler was a Know Nothing member of the New York State Senate (9th D.) in 1858 and 1859.
Osmer died on August 11, 1906 Middletown, Orange County, New York. He was buried at the Hillside Cemetery in Middletown.