| Oscar Ewing | |
| Office: | 3rd Administrator of the Federal Security Agency |
| President: | Harry S. Truman |
| Term Start: | August 19, 1947 |
| Term End: | January 20, 1953 |
| Predecessor: | Watson Miller |
| Successor: | Oveta Culp Hobby |
| Birth Date: | 8 March 1889 |
| Birth Place: | Greensburg, Indiana, U.S. |
| Death Place: | Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Party: | Democratic |
| Spouse: | Helen Dennis (1915–1953) Mary Whiting MacKay Thomas (1955–1980) |
| Children: | 2, including James |
| Education: | Indiana University, Bloomington (BA) Harvard University (LLB) |
| Allegiance: |  United States |
| Branch: | United States Army |
| Serviceyears: | 1917–1919 |
| Rank: | Captain |
| Battles: | World War I |
| Unit: | U.S. Army Signal Corps U.S. Army Air Service |
Oscar R. Ewing (March 8, 1889 – January 8, 1980) was a 20th-century American lawyer, social reformer, and politician who was one of the main authors of the Fair Deal program of U.S. President Harry S. Truman.[1] [2]
Oscar Ross Ewing was born on March 8, 1889, in Greensburg, Indiana. His parents were George McClellan Ewing and Nettie Ross Ewing.
In 1910, he graduated from Indiana University Bloomington. In 1913, he graduated from Harvard Law School.
Ewing first taught at the University of Iowa Law School. Then, he joined a firm in Indianapolis.
During World War I, he served in the U.S. Army and left as captain.
In 1920, he joined the law firm of Hughes, Schurman and Dwight in New York City. In 1937, he co-founded Hughes, Hubbard and Ewing, where he remained until 1947.
In 1942, he became a special U.S. prosecutor who won the conviction of William Dudley Pelley, leader of the Silver Shirts, for sedition. In 1947, he won the convictions of Douglas Chandler and Robert Best on charges of treason, both of whom had broadcast for the Nazis during World War II.
By 1940, Ewing had become assistant chairman of the Democratic National Committee; in 1942, he came vice chairman until he stepped down in 1947.
In the Winter of 1946–1947, after the Republicans swept mid-term elections, Ewing began holding quiet meetings at his home in Washington that lead to formulation of Truman's Fair Deal. Participants included: Clark M. Clifford, then Truman's special counsel (later, last Secretary of Defense under President Lyndon B. Johnson); Leon Keyserling of the Council of Economic Advisers and advocate of planned economic growth; C. Girard Davidson, assistant secretary of U.S. Department of Interior; David A. Morse, Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Department of Labor; and Charles S. Murphy, an Administrative Assistant to Truman. In 1948, the Fair Deal helped Truman defeat Governor Thomas E. Dewey.
In 1947, Truman appointed him administrator of the Federal Security Agency (FSA–now the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). In 1948, Clifford and he were in charge of Truman's "whistle stop" tour. As head of FSA until 1952, he promoted civil rights, extended federal welfare programs, and broadened Social Security coverage. He opened the old Gallinger Hospital in Washington, DC, to African-American doctors. He advocated for a national health plan.
Ewing is credited as the organizer and leader of this unofficial policy group of Truman's, though some other members changed (1947–1952). They also supported recognition of Israel (1948), Truman's veto of the Taft-Hartley Act (YYYY), and a "welfare state."
In 1952, Ewing returned to private law practice. In 1960, he moved to Chapel Hill, where he served as a director of the Research Triangle Foundation until 1989. From 1963 to 1967, he was also chairman of the Research Triangle Regional Planning Commission.
Ewing had a close, personal friendship with Truman.
On November 4, 1915, he married Helen E. Dennis. They had two sons, George and James D. Ewing.[3] She died in 1953. In 1955, he married Mary Whiting MacKay Thomas.
He died of ischemia complicated by pneumonia on January 8, 1980, at home in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.