| Oscar D'Agostino | |
| Birth Date: | 29 August 1901 |
| Birth Place: | Avellino, Italy |
| Death Place: | Rome, Italy |
| Nationality: | Italian |
| Field: | Chemistry |
| Work Institutions: | University of Rome, Curie Institute (Paris), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Superiore di Sanità |
| Known For: | New radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation |
Oscar D'Agostino (29 August 1901 – 16 March 1975) was an Italian chemist and one of the so-called Via Panisperna boys, the group of young scientists led by Enrico Fermi: all of them were physicists, except for D'Agostino, who was a chemist.
In 1934 he contributed to Fermi's experiment (that gave Fermi the possibility to win the Nobel Prize in 1938) to showing the properties of slow neutrons. That led the way to the discovery of nuclear fission, and later on to the construction of the first atomic bomb.