Oscaecilia is a genus of caecilians in the family Caeciliidae. The genus is distributed in southeastern Central America (Costa Rica, Panama) and northern South America, possibly extending into southern Brazil. They are sometimes known as the South American caecilians.
Adult Oscaecilia often exceed 600NaN0 in total length. The diagnostic characters of Oscaecilia include eyes that are covered by bone, presence of splenial teeth, absence of true tail, and a tentacular opening that is directly below the nostril, much closer to it than to the eye.
There are nine recognized species:
| Binomial name and author | Common name |
|---|---|
| Oscaecilia bassleri | Pastaza River caecilian |
| Oscaecilia elongata | Yavisa caecilian |
| Oscaecilia equatorialis | Equatorial caecilian |
| Oscaecilia hypereumeces | Joinville caecilian |
| Oscaecilia koepckeorum | Quisto Cocha caecilian |
| Oscaecilia ochrocephala | Yellow-headed caecilian |
| Oscaecilia osae | Osa caecilian, airstrip caecilian |
| Oscaecilia polyzona | New Granada caecilian |
| Oscaecilia zweifeli | Tributary caecilian |