| Osaka Metro | |
| Imagesize2: | 300px |
| Image3: | Osaka Metro 400 series 409-03.jpg |
| Imagesize3: | 300px |
| Caption3: | Top: 21 series and 30000 series trains on the Midōsuji Line. Bottom: A 400 series train on the Chuo Line. |
| Native Name: | 大阪メトロ |
| Owner: | Osaka Municipal Government through Osaka Metro Co., Ltd |
| Locale: | Keihanshin region, Japan |
| Transit Type: | Tram[1] and rail (de jure) Metro; AGT (de facto) |
| Lines: | 8 (+ 1 People Mover) |
| Stations: | 123 133 (incl. People Mover) |
| Ridership: | 2,464,000 (FY2013)[2] |
| Operator: | Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau (1933–March 31, 2018) Osaka Metro Co. (April 1, 2018–present; 100% owned by the Osaka Municipal Government) |
| System Length: | (incl. People Mover) |
| El: | overhead catenary (Sakaisuji, Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi and Imazatosuji lines) 600 V 3-phase AC 60 Hz third rail (Nankō Port Town Line) |
| Map State: | show |
The is a major rapid transit system in the Osaka Metropolitan Area of Japan, operated by the Osaka Metro Company, Ltd. It serves the city of Osaka and the adjacent municipalities of Higashiosaka, Kadoma, Moriguchi, Sakai, Suita, and Yao. Osaka Metro forms an integral part of the extensive mass transit system of Greater Osaka (part of the Kansai region), having 123 out of the 1,108 rail stations (2007) in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto region.[3] In 2010, the greater Osaka region had 13 million rail passengers daily (see Transport in Keihanshin) of which the Osaka Municipal Subway (as it was then known) accounted for 2.29 million.[4]
Osaka Metro is the only subway system in Japan to be partially legally classified as a tram system, whereas all other subway systems in Japan are legally classified as railways. Despite this, it has characteristics typical of a full-fledged metro system.[1]
The network's first service, the Midōsuji Line from to, opened in 1933.[5] As a north–south trunk route, it is the oldest and busiest line in the whole network.[6] [7] Both it and the main east–west route, the Chūō Line, were later extended to the north and east, respectively. These extensions are owned by other railway companies, but both Osaka Metro and these private operators run their own set of trains through between the two sections.
All but one of the remaining lines of the network, including the Yotsubashi Line, Tanimachi Line, and Sennichimae Line, are completely independent lines with no through services. The lone exception is the Sakaisuji Line, which operates through trains to existing Hankyu Railway lines and is the only line to operate through services to existing railway lines that are not isolated from the national rail network (which is the case with the Midōsuji and Chūō Lines). As such, it is not compatible with the rest of the lines.
Nearly all stations have a letter number combination, the letter identifying the line served by the station and the number indicating the relative location of the station on the line. For example, Higobashi Station on the Yotsubashi Line is also known as Y12. This combination is heard in bilingual Japanese-English automated next-station announcements on board all trains, which also provide information on local businesses near the station. Only Hankyu stations served by the Sakaisuji Line do not follow this convention.
| Osaka Metro Co., Ltd | |
| Trade Name: | Osaka Metro |
| Native Name: | 大阪市高速電気軌道株式会社 |
| Native Name Lang: | ja |
| Romanized Name: | Ōsaka-shi Kōsoku Denki Kidō kabushiki gaisha lit. "Osaka Municipal Rapid Electric Tramway Share Company" |
| Type: | Private (Municipally owned kabushiki gaisha) |
| Industry: | Transportation |
| Predecessor: | Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau |
| Founded: | (incorporation) (effective corporatization of Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau) |
| Founder: | Osaka Municipal Government |
| Hq Location City: | Nishi-ku, Osaka |
| Hq Location Country: | Japan |
| Area Served: | Keihanshin |
| Owner: | Osaka Municipal Government (100%) |
| Subsid: | Osaka City Bus Corporation |
| Num Employees: | 4,936 |
| Num Employees Year: | 2019 |
The network is operated by a municipally owned stock company trading as the Osaka Metro Company, Ltd. The Osaka Metro Co. is the direct legal successor to the Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau, which operated the subway as ; under the Bureau's management, the subway was the oldest publicly operated subway network in Japan, having begun operations in 1933. A proposal to corporatize the Osaka subway was sent to the city government in February 2013 and was given final approval in 2017. The rationale behind corporatization is that it would bring private investors to Osaka and could help revive Osaka's economy. The Osaka Metro Co. was incorporated on June 1, 2017, and took over operations on April 1, 2018.
The Osaka Metro Co. also operates all city buses in Osaka, through its majority-owned subsidiary, the Osaka City Bus Corporation.
Osaka Metro stations are denoted by the Osaka Metro Co.'s corporate logo, a white-on-dark-blue icon placed at ground-level entrances, depicting an "M" (for "Metro") based on a coiled ribbon, which would form an "O" (for "Osaka") when viewed from the side (this symbol is officially called the "moving M"), with the "Osaka Metro" wordmark set in the Gotham typeface. "Osaka Metro" (in Latin characters) is the official branding in Japanese, and is always represented as such in official media. (News outlets have been seen to use 大阪メトロ, presumably to better flow with article text.) Individual lines are represented by a public-facing name (e.g. “Midōsuji Line” for Rapid Electric Tramway Line No. 1) and a specific color, as well as a single Latin letter, which is paired with a different number at each station for easy identification (see below). Icons for each line (featured in station wayfinding signage) are represented by a solid roundel in the line color, superimposed with the line's letter-designation in the Parisine typeface.
An older branding (also used on the original tram network run by the city until 1969) is the "Mio-Den" mark, which depicts an old-fashioned, the logo for Osaka City, over the kanji for, short for . This mark is still present on newer trainsets and staff uniforms as Osaka Metro retained it as its monsho, as well as a connection to the subway network's roots.
When it was run by the Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau, the subway used a logo known as the symbol, which is a katakana for superimposed over a circular capital “O” for “Osaka” (see infobox, above). This remained on many older trainsets and at stations, until it was completely replaced by the Osaka Metro logo by 2020.
Currently, there are eight lines, operating on 129.9km (80.7miles) of track and serving 123 stations; there is also a 7.9adj=onNaNadj=on-long, 10-station automated people mover line known as the "New Tram".[8]
| Line color | Mark | Line number | Name | Japanese | Opened | Last extension | Length | Stations | TrainLength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red | Via trackage rights | Kitakyū Namboku Line | 北大阪急行電鉄 | 1970 | 2024 | 8.4km (05.2miles) | 6[9] | 10 cars | |
| Line 1 | Midōsuji Line | 御堂筋線 | 1933 | 1987 | 24.5km (15.2miles) | 20 | |||
| Purple | Line 2 | Tanimachi Line | 谷町線 | 1967 | 1983 | 28.1km (17.5miles) | 26 | 6 cars | |
| Blue | Line 3 | Yotsubashi Line | 四つ橋線 | 1942 | 1972 | 11.4km (07.1miles) | 11 | 6 cars | |
| Green | Line 4 | Chūō Line (Yumehanna) | 中央線 | 1997[10] | 2024[11] | 2.4km (01.5miles) | 1[12] | 6 cars | |
| 1961[13] | 1985 | 15.5km (09.6miles) | 13 | ||||||
| Via trackage rights | Keihanna Line (Yumehanna) | 近鉄けいはんな線 | 1986 | 2006 | 18.8km (11.7miles) | 8[14] | |||
| Pink | Line 5 | Sennichimae Line | 千日前線 | 1969 | 1981 | 12.6km (07.8miles) | 14 | 4 cars | |
| Brown | Via trackage rights | Hankyu Senri Line | 阪急千里線 | 1969 | – | 13.6km (08.5miles) | 11[15] | 8 cars[16] | |
| Hankyu Kyoto Main Line | 阪急京都本線 | 1969[17] | – | 41.1km (25.5miles) | 22[18] | ||||
| Line 6 | Sakaisuji Line | 堺筋線 | 1969 | 1993 | 8.5km (05.3miles) | 10 | 8 cars | ||
| Lime | Line 7 | Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line | 長堀鶴見緑地線 | 1990 | 1997 | 15km (09miles) | 17 | 4 cars | |
| Orange | Line 8 | Imazatosuji Line | 今里筋線 | 2006 | – | 11.9km (07.4miles) | 11 | 4 cars | |
| TOTAL | Total Length | Total Stations | |||||||
| TOTAL (Subway only – not incl. trackage rights portions): | 129.9km (80.7miles) | 123 | |||||||
| Subway incl. Kitakyu and Keihanna trackage rights portions): | 133 | ||||||||
| Automated people mover | |||||||||
| Light blue | New Tram | Nankō Port Town Line | 南港ポートタウン線 | 1997[19] | – | 0.7km (00.4miles) | 1[20] | 4 cars | |
| 1981[21] | 2005 | 7.2km (04.5miles) | 9 | ||||||
| TOTAL (Subway, incl. People Mover): | 137.8km (85.6miles) | 133 | |||||||
In addition, there are five line extensions and one entirely new line that are planned. However, on August 28, 2014, the Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau met about creating the extensions of the later five of the six lines listed below, and have stated considering the current cost of the new extensions (and the possibly of privatization at the time), the government has also considered using light rail transit or bus rapid transit instead.[22] Osaka Metro is now experimenting with bus rapid transit on the route of the Imazatosuji Line extension, with “Imazato Liner” service between Imazato and Yuzato-Rokuchōme slated to begin in April 2019.
With Osaka being the host of Expo 2025, there are also plans to extend the Chuo Line northwest onto Yumeshima (the event's planned site), with a terminus on Sakura-jima north of Universal Studios Japan. Provisions were put in place for such an extension when the existing road tunnel between Cosmosquare and Yumeshima was built, but the current state of the artificial island (with only industrial facilities and a single convenience store for the workers) meant it would have been unlikely to proceed had Osaka not won the bid.
| Line color | Mark | Line number | Name | Start | Terminus | Length | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Line 3 | Yotsubashi Line | Nishi-Umeda | Jūsō, later towards Shin-Ōsaka | 2.9km (01.8miles) (to Jūsō) | |||
| Line 4 | Chūō Line | Yumeshima | 3.2km (02miles) | ||||
| Morinomiya | Morinomiya Depot | 0.8km (00.5miles) | |||||
| Line 5 | Sennichimae Line | Minami-Tatsumi | towards Mito | (TBD) | |||
| Line 7 | Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line | Taishō | Tsurumachi Yonchōme (vicinity) | 5.5km (03.4miles) | |||
| Line 8 | Imazatosuji Line | Imazato | Yuzato Rokuchōme | 6.7km (04.2miles) | |||
| (TBD) | - | Line 9 | Shikitsu–Nagayoshi Line (provisional) | Suminoekōen | Kire-Uriwari | 6.9km (04.3miles) |
Osaka Municipal Subway rolling stock use two types of propulsion systems. The vast majority of lines use trains with conventional electric motors, but the two newest lines, the Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line and Imazatosuji Line, use linear motor-powered trains, which allow them to use smaller trains and tunnels, reducing construction costs. These two lines have half-height automatic platform gates installed at all station platforms, as does the Sennichimae Line, the Midosuji Line, and the Sakaisuji Line.[23] [24]
Also, unlike most other rapid transit networks in Japan (but like the preceding Tokyo Metro Ginza Line [the only rapid transit line in Asia at the time], and the subsequent Marunouchi line, the early lines in Nagoya and the Blue line in Yokohama), most Osaka subway lines use a third rail electrification system for trains. Only three lines use overhead catenary: the Sakaisuji Line, to accommodate through services on Hankyu trackage; and the linear-motor Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi and Imazatosuji Lines. Also unusually, all lines use standard gauge; there are no narrow gauge sections of track due to the network being almost entirely self-enclosed (although Kyoto and Kobe also have entirely standard gauge metros with through services to private railways).
Osaka Metro charges five types of fares for single rides, based on the distance traveled in each journey.[25] Some discount fares exist.
| Distance travelled | Rates (in yen) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Adult | Child | ||
| 1–3 km | ¥190 | ¥100 | |
| 4–7 km | ¥240 | ¥120 | |
| 8–13 km | ¥290 | ¥150 | |
| 14–19 km | ¥340 | ¥170 | |
| 20–25 km | ¥390 | ¥200 | |
On April 8, 1970, a gas explosion occurred during the construction of the Tanimachi Line at Tenjimbashisuji Rokuchōme Station, killing 79 people and injuring 420.[26] [27] The gas leaked out from a detached joint and filled the tunnel and exploded, creating a fire column over tall and destroying 495 houses and buildings.[28]