| Settlement Type: | Prefecture | ||||||||||
| Translit Lang1: | Japanese | ||||||||||
| Translit Lang1 Type: | Japanese | ||||||||||
| Translit Lang1 Info: | Japanese: 大阪府 | ||||||||||
| Translit Lang1 Type1: | Rōmaji | ||||||||||
| Translit Lang1 Info1: | Japanese: Ōsaka-fu | ||||||||||
| Flag Size: | 100px | ||||||||||
| Image Blank Emblem: | Emblem of Osaka Prefecture.svg | ||||||||||
| Blank Emblem Size: | 80px | ||||||||||
| Blank Emblem Type: | Symbol | ||||||||||
| Image Map1: | Map of Japan with highlight on 27 Osaka prefecture.svg | ||||||||||
| Coordinates: | 34.6864°N 135.52°W | ||||||||||
| Subdivision Type: | Country | ||||||||||
| Subdivision Name: |  Japan | ||||||||||
| Subdivision Type1: | Region | ||||||||||
| Subdivision Name1: | Kansai | ||||||||||
| Subdivision Type2: | Island | ||||||||||
| Subdivision Name2: | Honshu | ||||||||||
| Seat Type: | Capital | ||||||||||
| Seat: | Osaka | ||||||||||
| Parts Type: | Subdivisions | ||||||||||
| Parts Style: | para | ||||||||||
| P1: | Districts 5 | ||||||||||
| P2: | Municipalities 43 | ||||||||||
| Leader Title: | Governor | ||||||||||
| Leader Name: | Hirofumi Yoshimura | ||||||||||
| Area Total Km2: | 1905.14 | ||||||||||
| Area Water Percent: | 17.9 | ||||||||||
| Area Rank: | 46th | ||||||||||
| Population Total: | 8823358 | ||||||||||
| Population As Of: | 1 July 2019 | ||||||||||
| Population Rank: | 3rd | ||||||||||
| Population Density Km2: | auto | ||||||||||
| Demographics Type2: | GDP | ||||||||||
| Demographics2 Footnotes: | [1] | ||||||||||
| Demographics2 Title1: | Total | ||||||||||
| Demographics2 Info1: | JP¥ 41,188 billion US$ 377.9 billion (2019) | ||||||||||
| Iso Code: | JP-27 | ||||||||||
| Module: |
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is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu.[2] Osaka Prefecture has a population of 8,778,035 and has a geographic area of 1905km2. Osaka Prefecture borders Hyōgo Prefecture to the northwest, Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Nara Prefecture to the southeast, and Wakayama Prefecture to the south.
Osaka is the capital and largest city of Osaka Prefecture, and the third-largest city in Japan, with other major cities including Sakai, Higashiōsaka, and Hirakata.[3] Osaka Prefecture is located on the western coast of the Kii Peninsula, forming the western is open to Osaka Bay. Osaka Prefecture is the third-most-populous prefecture, but by geographic area the second-smallest; at it is the second-most densely populated, below only Tokyo. Osaka Prefecture is one of Japan's two "urban prefectures" using the designation fu (府) rather than the standard ken for prefectures, along with Kyoto Prefecture. Osaka Prefecture forms the center of the Keihanshin metropolitan area, the second-most-populated urban region in Japan after the Greater Tokyo area and one of the world's most productive regions by GDP.
See also: Historic Sites of Osaka Prefecture.
Prior to the Meiji Restoration, the modern-day area of Osaka Prefecture was split between Kawachi, Izumi,[4] [5] and Settsu provinces.[6]
Osaka Prefecture was created on June 21, 1868, at the very beginning of the Meiji era.[7] During the instigation of Fuhanken Sanchisei in 1868, the prefecture received its suffix fu, designating it as a prefecture.
On September 1, 1956, the city of Osaka was promoted to a city designated by government ordinance and thereby divided into 24 wards. Sakai became the second city in the prefecture to be promoted to a city designated by government ordinance on April 1, 2006, and was divided into seven wards.
In 2000, Fusae Ota became Japan's first female governor when she replaced Knock Yokoyama, who resigned after prosecution for sexual harassment.[8] Tōru Hashimoto, previously famous as a counselor on television, was elected in 2008 at the age of 38, becoming the youngest governor in Japan.[9]
On June 18, 2018, an earthquake struck the northern region of the prefecture. It killed 4 people and caused minor damage across Greater Osaka.[10]
See main article: Osaka Metropolis plan.
In 2010, the Osaka Restoration Association was created with backing by Governor Tōru Hashimoto, with hopes of reforming Osaka Prefecture into the Osaka Metropolis and merging with the City of Osaka.[9] In the 2011 local elections, the association was able to win the majority of the prefectural seats and Hashimoto was elected as mayor of Osaka.
A referendum on the issue was held in 2015 and was defeated with 50.38% of voters opposed to the plan.[9] A second referendum in 2020 was rejected by 50.6% of voters.[11]
Osaka Prefecture neighbors the prefectures of Hyōgo and Kyoto in the north, Nara in the east and Wakayama in the south. The Yodo and Yamato Rivers flow through the prefecture.
Prior to the construction of Kansai International Airport, Osaka was the smallest prefecture in Japan. The artificial island on which the airport was built added enough area to make it slightly larger than Kagawa Prefecture.[12] [13]
As of 1 April 2012, 11% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely Kongō-Ikoma-Kisen and Meiji no Mori Minō Quasi-National Parks and Hokusetsu and Hannan-Misaki Prefectural Natural Parks.[14]
See also: List of cities in Osaka Prefecture by population.
Since 2005, Osaka consists of 43 municipalities: 33 cities, nine towns and one village. As of 2021, the 33 cities include two designated major cities, seven core cities and two (transitional) special case cities (after legal abolition in 2015, to be replaced with the core city system in the 2020s).
| Flag, name w/o suffix | Full name | District (-gun) | Area (km2) | Population | Map | LPE code (w/o pref. [27...], checksum [-x]) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japanese | transcription | translation | |||||||
| Daitō | 大東市 | Daitō-shi | Daitō City | – | 18.27 | 119,329 | 218 | ||
| Fujidera | 藤井寺市 | Fujidera-shi | Fujidera City | – | 8.89 | 65,075 | 226 | ||
| Habikino | 羽曳野市 | Habikino-shi | Habikino City | – | 26.44 | 113,256 | 222 | ||
| Hannan | 阪南市 | Hannan-shi | Hannan City | – | 36.1 | 55,798 | 232 | ||
| Higashiōsaka | 東大阪市 | Higashi-Ōsaka-shi | Higashi-Osaka City (East Osaka City) | – | 61.78 | 495,011 | 227 | ||
| Hirakata | 枚方市 | Hirakata-shi | Hirakata City | – | 65.08 | 401,449 | 210 | ||
| Ibaraki | 茨木市 | Ibaraki-shi | Ibaraki City | – | 76.52 | 280,562 | 211 | ||
| Ikeda | 池田市 | Ikeda-shi | Ikeda City | – | 22.09 | 103,028 | 204 | ||
| Izumi | 和泉市 | Izumi-shi | Izumi City | – | 84.98 | 186,370 | 219 | ||
| Izumiōtsu | 泉大津市 | Izumi-Ōtsu-shi | Izumi-Ōtsu City (as opposed to Ōtsu City in Ōmi Province) | – | 13.36 | 75,398 | 206 | ||
| Izumisano | 泉佐野市 | Izumi-Sano-shi | Izumi-Sano City (as opposed to Sano City in Shimotsuke Province) | – | 55.03 | 100,649 | 213 | ||
| Kadoma | 門真市 | Kadoma-shi | Kadoma City | – | 12.28 | 124,516 | 223 | ||
| Kaizuka | 貝塚市 | Kaizuka-shi | Kaizuka City | – | 43.99 | 88,345 | 208 | ||
| Kashiwara | 柏原市 | Kashiwara-shi | Kashiwara City | – | 25.39 | 76,383 | 221 | ||
| Katano | 交野市 | Katano-shi | Katano City | – | 25.55 | 76,383 | 230 | ||
| Kawachinagano | 河内長野市 | Kawachi-Nagano-shi | Kawachi-Nagano City (as opposed to Nagano City in Shinano Province) | – | 109.61 | 105,872 | 216 | ||
| Kishiwada | 岸和田市 | Kishiwada-shi | Kishiwada City | – | 72.68 | 197,629 | 202 | ||
| Matsubara | 松原市 | Matsubarashi | Matsubara City | – | 16.66 | 121,125 | 217 | ||
| Minoh | 箕面市 | Minoo-shi | Minoo City | – | 47.84 | 134,435 | 220 | ||
| Moriguchi | 守口市 | Moriguchi-shi | Moriguchi City | – | 12.73 | 143,877 | 209 | ||
| Neyagawa | 寝屋川市 | Neyagawa-shi | Neyagawa City | – | 24.73 | 236,758 | 215 | ||
| Osaka (capital) | 大阪市 | Ōsaka-shi | Osaka City | – | 225.21 | 2,668,586 | 100 | ||
| Ōsakasayama | 大阪狭山市 | Ōsaka-Sayama-shi | Osaka-Sayama City (as opposed to Sayama City in Saitama) | – | 11.86 | 57,993 | 231 | ||
| Sakai | 堺市 | Sakai-shi | Sakai City | – | 149.82 | 828,741 | 140 | ||
| Sennan | 泉南市 | Sennan-shi | Sennan City (Sen[shū] South City) (after Sennan District) | – | 48.48 | 62,076 | 228 | ||
| Settsu | 摂津市 | Settsu-shi | Settsu City | – | 14.88 | 85,290 | 224 | ||
| Shijōnawate | 四條畷市 | Shijōnawate-shi | Shijōnawate City | – | 18.74 | 55,832 | 229 | ||
| Suita | 吹田市 | Suita-shi | Suita City | – | 36.11 | 378,322 | 205 | ||
| Takaishi | 高石市 | Takaishi-shi | Takaishi City | – | 11.35 | 56,583 | 225 | ||
| Takatsuki | 高槻市 | Takatsuki-shi | Takatsuki City | – | 105.31 | 350,914 | 207 | ||
| Tondabayashi | 富田林市 | Tondabayashi-shi | Tondabayashi City | – | 39.66 | 112,993 | 214 | ||
| Toyonaka | 豊中市 | Toyonaka-shi | Toyonaka City | – | 36.38 | 396,014 | 203 | ||
| Yao | 八尾市 | Yaoshi | Yao City | – | 41.71 | 268,013 | 212 | ||
| Chihayaakasaka | 千早赤阪村 | Chihaya-Akasaka-mura | Chihaya-Akasaka Village | Minami- (=South) Kawachi | 37.38 | 5,467 | 383 | ||
| Kanan | 河南町 | Kanan-chō | Kanan Town | 25.26 | 16,027 | 382 | |||
| Taishi | 太子町 | Taishi-chō | Taishi Town | 14.17 | 13,634 | 381 | |||
| Kumatori | 熊取町 | Kumatori-chō | Kumatori Town | Sennan (=Sen[shū] South) | 17.23 | 43,988 | 361 | ||
| Misaki | 岬町 | Misakichō | Misaki Town | 49.08 | 16,267 | 366 | |||
| Tajiri | 田尻町 | Tajiri-chō | Tajiri Town | 4.96 | 8,377 | 362 | |||
| Nose | 能勢町 | Nose-chō | Nose Town | Toyono | 98.68 | 9,971 | 322 | ||
| Toyono | 豊能町 | Toyono-chō | Toyono Town | 34.37 | 19,519 | 321 | |||
| Shimamoto | 島本町 | Shimamoto-chō | Shimamoto Town | Mishima | 16.78 | 29,970 | 301 | ||
| Tadaoka | 忠岡町 | Tadaoka-chō | Tadaoka Town | Senboku (=Sen[shū] North) | 4.03 | 17,187 | 341 | ||
| Osaka | 大阪府 | Ōsaka-fu | Osaka Prefecture | – | 1,905.14 | 8,823,358 | 000 ISO: JP-27 | ||
See main article: List of mergers in Osaka Prefecture. After the modern reactivation of districts in 1878/79, Osaka, including Sakai which was only merged into Osaka in 1881, consisted of 5 urban districts (-ku) and 27 rural districts (-gun), excluding 15 districts in Yamato Province which was later separated from Osaka as Nara Prefecture in 1887. When the prefectures were subdivided into modern municipalities in 1889, the five urban districts were turned into two district-independent cities: Osaka City and Sakai City, and Osaka's [rural] districts were subdivided into 12 towns and 310 villages. After Osaka City had absorbed many surrounding municipalities in the interwar/Taishō period, the number of municipalities in Osaka had already dropped to 149 by 1953. The Great Shōwa mergers of the 1950s reduced the total to 47 by 1961, including 26 cities by then. The current total of 43 was reached during the Great Heisei mergers in 2005.
The gross prefecture product of Osaka for the fiscal year 2004 was ¥38.7 trillion, second after Tokyo with an increase of 0.9% from the previous year. This represented approximately 48% of the Kinki region. The per capita income was ¥3.0 million, seventh in the nation.[15] Commercial sales the same year was ¥60.1 trillion.[16]
Overshadowed by such globally renowned electronics giants as Panasonic and Sharp, the other side of Osaka's economy can be characterized by its Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) activities. The number of SMEs based in Osaka in 2006 was 330,737, accounting for 99.6% of the total number of businesses in the prefecture.[17] While this proportion is similar to other prefectures (the average nationwide was 99.7%), the manufactured output of the SMEs amounted to 65.4% of the total within the prefecture, a rate significantly higher than Tokyo's 55.5%, or Kanagawa's 38.4%.[18] One model from Osaka of serving the public interest and restimulating the regional economy, combined with industry-education cooperation efforts, is the Astro-Technology SOHLA,[19] with its artificial satellite project.[20] Having originally started from a gathering of Higashiosaka based SMEs, Astro-Technology SOHLA has not only grown into a Kansai region-wide group but has also won support from the government, through technology and material support from Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA),[21] and financial support from NEDO.[22] [23]
The Osaka Securities Exchange, specializing in derivatives such as Nikkei 225 Futures, is based in Osaka.
There are many electrical, chemical, pharmaceutical, heavy industry, food, and housing companies in Osaka Prefecture.
See main article: Hanshin Industrial Region and Kansai Science City.
According to the 2005 Population Census of Japan, Osaka prefecture has a population of 8,817,166, an increase of 12,085, or 0.14%, since the Census of year 2000.[24]
As of 2022 this prefecture has about 93,000 ethnic Korean persons, the largest such population of any prefecture in Japan.[25] Osaka City. As of 2013 most ethnic Korean children attend ordinary Japanese public schools, although some Korean schools operated by the Chongryon and classes for ethnic Koreans had opened in the prefecture. During the Japanese rule of Korea many ethnic Koreans came to the Osaka area to look for work. Many people from Jeju came to the Osaka area after a 1922 ferry line between Osaka and Jeju opened. During World War II Japanese authorities forced additional ethnic Koreans to move to the Osaka area.[26]
Public elementary and junior high schools in the prefecture are operated by the municipalities. Public high schools are operated by the Osaka Prefectural Board of Education.
Osaka Prefecture has sister region relationships with:[28]
Shanghai, China (1980)
East Java, Indonesia (1984)
Val-d'Oise, France (1987)
Queensland, Australia (1988)
Primorsky Krai, Russia (1992)
California, United States (1994)
Lombardy, Italy (2002)The sports teams listed below are based in Osaka.
The symbol of Osaka Prefecture, called the sennari byōtan or "thousand gourds", was originally the crest of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the feudal lord of Osaka Castle.