Oryza nivara explained

Oryza nivara is a possible wild progenitor of the cultivated rice Oryza sativa.[1] [2] [3] [4] It was separated from Oryza rufipogon in 1965; however, the separation has been questioned, and some sources treat it as a synonym of O. rufipogon.[5] It may be treated as the annual form of O. rufipogon.[1]

For those who accept it as a separate species, it is an annual, short to intermediate height (usually <) grass; panicles usually compact, rarely open; spikelets large, long and wide, with strong awn (long); anthers long. It grows in shallow water up to, in seasonally dry and open habitats. It is found growing in swampy areas, at edge of pond and tanks, beside streams, in ditches, in or around rice fields.[3]

Distribution

Its distribution includes Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Genome

The genome of O. nivara was first sequenced in 2015.[6]

Stein et al., 2018 sequenced the genomes of O. nivara and other domesticated and wild relatives. They produced reference assemblies and analyses for divergence time and genetic distance. (The O. nivara assembly is 338 Mb.) They demonstrated that this species and Oryza sativa subsp. indica are most closely related and that the same is true for Oryza sativa subsp. japonica and Oryza rufipogon.[7]

Notes and References

  1. Choi. Jae Young. Platts. Adrian E.. Fuller. Dorian Q.. Hsing. Yue-Ie. Wing. Rod A.. Purugganan. Michael D.. 2017-01-12. The rice paradox: Multiple origins but single domestication in Asian rice. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34. 4. en. 969–979. 10.1093/molbev/msx049. 0737-4038. 5400379. 28087768.
  2. Book: Gressel, Jonathan. Genetic Glass Ceilings: Transgenics for Crop Biodiversity. 2020-03-03. JHU Press. 978-1-4214-2913-7. en.
  3. Book: Rana, M. K.. Vegetables and their Allied as Protective Food. 2014-06-01. Scientific Publishers. 978-93-86237-56-9. en.
  4. Driem. George Van. 2011-01-01. Lost In The Sands Of Time Somewhere North Of The Bay Of Bengal. Himalayan Languages and Linguistics. en. 11–38. 10.1163/ej.9789004194489.i-322.10. 9789004216532.
  5. Oryza nivara S.D.Sharma & Shastry. 410090-1. 2024-07-20. cs1.

  6. Brozynska. Marta. Furtado. Agnelo. Henry. Robert J.. 2015. Genomics of crop wild relatives: expanding the gene pool for crop improvement. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 4. 14. 1070–1085. Association of Applied Biologists (aab) & Society for Experimental Biology (SEB). 3402991. 26311018. 10.1111/pbi.12454. free.

    This review cites this research.

    Zhang . QJ. . Zhu . T. . Xia . EH. . Shi . C. . Liu . YL. . Zhang . Y. . Liu . Y. . Jiang . WK. . Zhao . YJ. . Mao . Shu-Yan . Zhang . Li-Ping . Huang . Hui . Jiao . Jun-Ying . Xu . Ping-Zhen . Yao . Qiu-Yang . Zeng . Fan-Chun . Yang . Li-Li . Gao . Ju . Tao . Da-Yun . Wang . Yue-Ju . Bennetzen . Jeffrey L. . Gao . Li-Zhi . Rapid diversification of five Oryza AA genomes associated with rice adaptation . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 111 . 46 . E4954–E4962 . Nov 2014 . 10.1073/pnas.1418307111 . 25368197 . 4246335. free .

  7. Bailey-Serres. Julia. Parker. Jane E.. Ainsworth. Elizabeth A.. Oldroyd. Giles E. D.. Schroeder. Julian I.. 2019. Genetic strategies for improving crop yields. Nature. 575. 7781. 109–118. 207912531. 10.1038/s41586-019-1679-0. free. 21.11116/0000-0005-3BD7-7. free.

    8. Wing. Rod A.. Purugganan. Michael D.. Zhang. Qifa. 2018. The rice genome revolution: from an ancient grain to Green Super Rice. Nature Reviews Genetics. 19. 505–517. 216051436. 10.1038/s41576-018-0024-z.

    These reviews cite this research.

    Stein. Joshua C.. Yu. Yeisoo. Copetti. Dario. Zwickl. Derrick J.. Zhang. Li. Zhang. Chengjun. Chougule. Kapeel. Gao. Dongying. Iwata. Aiko. Goicoechea. Jose Luis. Wei. Sharon. Wang. Jun. Liao. Yi. Wang. Muhua. Jacquemin. Julie. Becker. Claude. Kudrna. Dave. Zhang. Jianwei. Londono. Carlos E. M.. Song. Xiang. Lee. Seunghee. Sanchez. Paul. Zuccolo. Andrea. Ammiraju. Jetty S. S.. Talag. Jayson. Danowitz. Ann. Rivera. Luis F.. Gschwend. Andrea R.. Noutsos. Christos. Wu. Cheng-chieh. Kao. Shu-min. Zeng. Jhih-wun. Wei. Fu-jin. Zhao. Qiang. Feng. Qi. El Baidouri. Moaine. Carpentier. Marie-Christine. Lasserre. Eric. Cooke. Richard. Rosa Farias. Daniel da. da Maia. Luciano Carlos. dos Santos. Railson S.. Nyberg. Kevin G.. McNally. Kenneth L.. Mauleon. Ramil. Alexandrov. Nickolai. Schmutz. Jeremy. Flowers. Dave. Fan. Chuanzhu. Weigel. Detlef. Jena. Kshirod K.. Wicker. Thomas. Chen. Mingsheng. Han. Bin. Henry. Robert. Hsing. Yue-ie C.. Kurata. Nori. de Oliveira. Antonio Costa. Panaud. Olivier. Jackson. Scott A.. Machado. Carlos A.. Sanderson. Michael J.. Long. Manyuan. Ware. Doreen. Wing. Rod A.. 2018. Genomes of 13 domesticated and wild rice relatives highlight genetic conservation, turnover and innovation across the genus Oryza. Nature Genetics. 50. 2. 285–296. 4969249. 10.1038/s41588-018-0040-0. free.

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