Ortalis (fly) explained

Ortalis is an historic genus of Ulidiid or picture-winged flies, first described by Fallén in 1810.^[1] It served as the type genus for the family Ulidiidae, which was called Ortalidae at the time. In 1932, it was pointed out by Adlrich that the name Ortalis was preoccupied by a genus of birds (in family Cracidae) which had been named by Merrem in 1786.^{[2] [1]} The name of the fly family was therefore revised, with some authors calling it Otitidae until Ulidiidae was settled on as standard. The genus itself was found to be paraphyletic, and all of its species have been reassigned to other genera, some in the Ulidiidae, and some in other Tephritoid families. In the following list, the species are organized according to the families and genera to which they have been reassigned.

Family Ulidiidae

Ceroxys

• Ortalis cinifera (Loew, 1846) → Ceroxys cinifera^[3]
• Ortalis confusa (Becker, 1912) → Ceroxys confusa^[4]
• Ortalis fraudulosa (Loew, 1864) → Ceroxys fraudulosa^[5]
• Ortalis laticornis → Ceroxys laticornis

Chaetopsis

• Ortalis aenea (Wiedemann, 1830) → Chaetopsis aenea^[6]
  • Ortalis trifasciata (Wiedemann, 1830) → Chaetopsis aenea^[7]
• Ortalis massyla (Walker, 1849) → Chaetopsis massyla^[8]

Eumecosomyia

• Ortalis nubila (Wiedemann, 1830) → Eumecosomyia nubila^[9]

Euxesta

• Ortalis basalis (Walker, 1852) → Euxesta basalis^[10]
• Ortalis leucomelas (Walker, 1860) → Euxesta leucomelas^[11]
• Ortalis notata (Wiedemann, 1830) → Euxesta notata^[12]
• Ortalis platystoma (Thomson, 1869) → Euxesta spoliata^[13]
• Ortalis sororcula Wiedemann, 1830 → Euxesta sororcula^[9]

Herina

• Ortalis lacustris (Meigen, 1826) → Herina lacustris^[14]
• Ortalis lugubris (Meigen, 1826) → Herina lugubris^[15]
• Ortalis palustris (Meigen, 1826) → Herina palustris^[16]
• Ortalis parva (Loew, 1864) → Herina parva^[17]
• Ortalis tristis (Meigen, 1826) → Herina tristis^[18]
  • Ortalis bifasciata Loew, 1858 → Herina tristis^[19]
  • Ortalis gyrans Loew, 1864 → Herina tristis^[20]

Hypochra

• Ortalis albipennis (Loew, 1846) → Hypochra albipennis^[21]

Idana

• Ortalis marginata (Say, 1830) → Idana marginata^[22]

Melieria

• Ortalis acuticornis (Loew, 1854) → Melieria acuticornis^[23]
• Ortalis cana (Loew, 1858) → Melieria cana^[24]
• Ortalis omissa (Meigen, 1826) → Melieria omissa^[4]
• Ortalis unicolor (Loew, 1854) → Melieria unicolor^[25]

Otites

• Ortalis angustata (Loew, 1859) → Otites angustata^[26]
• Ortalis bimaculata (Hendel, 1911) → Otites bimaculata^[27]
• Ortalis dominula (Loew, 1868) → Otites dominula^[28]
• Ortalis erythrocephala (Hendel, 1911) → Otites erythrocephala^[29]
• Ortalis grata (Loew, 1856) → Otites grata^[30]
• Ortalis nebulosa (Meigen, 1830) → Otites nebulosa^[31]
• Ortalis snowi (Cresson, 1924) → Otites snowi^[32]
• Ortalis stigma (Hendel, 1911) → Otites stigma^[33]

Pseudotephritis

• Ortalis vau (Say, 1829) → Pseudotephritis vau^[34]

Pterotaenia

• Ortalis fasciata (Wiedemann, 1830) → Pterotaenia fasciata^[35]

Seioptera

• Ortalis costalis (Walker, 1849) → Seioptera costalis^[36]

Family Platystomatidae

Atopognathus

• Ortalis complens (Walker, 1859) → Atopognathus complens^[37]
• Ortalis leucomerus → Atopognathus leucomerus
• Ortalis tarsalis → Atopognathus tarsalis

Cleitamia

• Ortalis astrolabei (Boisduval, 1835) → Cleitamia astrolabei^[38]

Engistoneura

• Ortalis paralleia → Engistoneura paralleia

Euxestomoea

• Ortalis prompta (Walker, 1859) → Euxestomoea prompta^[39]

Neoardelio

• Ortalis alternatus → Neoardelio alternatus

Poecilotraphera

• Ortalis comperei (Coquillett) → Poecilotraphera comperei^[40]

Pseudepicausta

• Ortalis bigotii (Macquart, 1851) → Pseudepicausta bigotii^[41]

Rhytidortalis

• Ortalis conformis (Walker, 1853) → Rhytidortalis conformis (or incertae sedis)

Rivellia

• Ortalis aequifera (Walker, 1862) → Rivellia aequifera^[42]
• Ortalis bipars (Walker, 1861) → Rivellia bipars^[43]
• Ortalis concisivitta (Walker, 1862) → Rivellia concisivitta^[42]
• Ortalis decatomoides (Walker, 1862) → Rivellia decatomoides^[42]
• Ortalis isara → Rivellia isara
• Ortalis ligata (Say, 1830) → Rivellia ligata^[44]
• Ortalis mentissa (Walker, 1849) → Rivellia mentissa^[45]
• Ortalis obliqua (Walker, 1861) → Rivellia obliqua^[46]
• Ortalis vacillans (Walker, 1860) → Rivellia vacillans^[46]

Traphera

• Ortalis chalybea → Traphera chalybea

Zygaenula

• Ortalis dispila (Thomson, 1869) → Zygaenula dispila (or incertae sedis)

Family Richardiidae

Automola

• Ortalis atomaria → Automola atomaria^[47]

Family Tephritidae

Pseudoedaspis

• Ortalis decorata (Blanchard, 1852) → Pseudoedaspis decorata^[48]
• Ortalis striolata (Blanchard, 1852) → Pseudoedaspis striolata^[49]

Uncertain

• Ortalis fenestrata → ???
• Ortalis flavoscutellata → ???
• Ortalis longicornis → ???
• Ortalis picta → ???
• Ortalis quinquemaculata → ???
• Ortalis semivitta → ???

Notes and References

1. Web site: Family-group names based on Ortalis Merrem, 1786.... Donegan, Thomas M.. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 72(2) June 2015.
2. New Diptera, or two-winged flies, from America, Asia, and Java, with additional notes . Aldrich, John Merton . 1932 . Proceedings of the United States National Museum . 81 . 2932 . 1–28 . 9 . 10088/16056 . free.
3. Web site: Ortalis cinifera Loew, 1846.
4. Records for the family Ulidiidae (Diptera, Tephritoidea) in Saudi Arabia . Al Dhafer, H.M. . El-Hawagry, M.S. . African Entomology. 2016. 24. 1. 225–232 . 10.4001/003.024.0225. 87664153.
5. Web site: Ortalis fraudulosa Loew, 1864.
6. Web site: Ortalis aenea Wiedemann, 1830.
7. Web site: Ortalis trifasciata Wiedemann, 1830.
8. Web site: Ortalis massyla Walker, 1849.
9. A New Genus, New Species and New Records of Ulidiidae (Diptera, Tephritoidea) from Colombia. Kameneva, E.P. . Korneyev, V. A. . Ramos-Pastrana, Y.. Vestnik Zoologii . 51 . 2 . 125–136 . 2017 . 2018-10-01. 2018-10-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20181002064604/https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/vzoo.2017.51.issue-2/vzoo-2017-0018/vzoo-2017-0018.pdf.
10. Web site: Ortalis basalis Walker, 1852.
11. Web site: Fauna Entomologica de Nicaragua: Faimlia Otitidae. bio-nica.org.
12. Web site: Ortalis notata Wiedemann, 1830.
13. Web site: Ortalis platystoma Thomson, 1869.
14. Web site: Ortalis lacustris Meigen, 1826.
15. Web site: Ortalis lugubris Meigen, 1826.
16. Web site: Ortalis palustris Meigen, 1826.
17. Web site: Ortalis parva Loew, 1864.
18. Web site: Ortalis tristis Meigen, 1826.
19. Web site: Ortalis bifasciata Loew, 1858.
20. Web site: Ortalis gyrans Loew, 1864.
21. Web site: Ortalis albipennis Loew, 1846.
22. Web site: Ortalis marginata Say, 1830.
23. Web site: Ortalis acuticornis Loew, 1854.
24. Web site: Ortalis cana Loew, 1858.
25. Web site: Ortalis unicolor Loew, 1854.
26. Web site: Ortalis angustata Loew, 1859.
27. Web site: Ortalis bimaculata Hendel, 1911.
28. Web site: Ortalis dominula Loew, 1868.
29. Web site: Ortalis erythrocephala Hendel, 1911.
30. Web site: Ortalis grata Loew, 1856.
31. Web site: Otites nebulosa (Latreille, 1811). Fauna Europaea: All European Animal Species Online - Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin.
32. Web site: Ortalis snowi Cresson, 1924.
33. Web site: Ortalis stigma Hendel, 1911.
34. 10.5479/si.00963801.79-2900.1. Flies of the genus Pseudotephritis Johnson (Diptera: Ortalidae) . 1931 . Malloch . John Russell . Proceedings of the United States National Museum . 79 . 2900 . 1–6 .
35. 10.1590/S0085-56262007000100020. New record of Pterotaenia fasciata (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Ulidiidae) in Brazil, a probably mechanical vector of enteric bacteria . 2007 . Barnabe . Anderson Sena . Laporta . Gabriel Zorello . Laporta . Marcia Zorello . Lamas . Carlos José Einicker . Revista Brasileira de Entomologia . 51 . 121–122 . free . 84911082 .
36. Web site: Ortalis costalis Walker, 1849.
37. Web site: Ortalis complens Walker, 1859.
38. Web site: Ortalis astrolabei Boisduval, 1835.
39. https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/bdc684f8-b413-44ae-9d68-c7279c2fe284
40. Web site: Ortalis comperei Coquillett.
41. Web site: Ortalis bigotii Macquart, 1851.
42. Web site: An annotated catalogue of the ottidae (sens. lat.) (DIPTERA) recorded from Australia, Indonesia and the Pacific Islands . 6 March 1970 . Harry F. . Lower . Hawaii Biological Survey (HBS).
43. Web site: Ortalis bipars Walker, 1861.
44. Web site: Ortalis ligata Say, 1830.
45. Web site: Species Rivellia mentissa (Walker, 1849) . Australian Faunal Directory.
46. Web site: Records of the South Australian Museum . 1918 . Internet Archive.
47. Web site: Automola atomaria (Wiedemann, 1830).
48. Web site: Ortalis decorata Blanchard, 1854.
49. Web site: Ortalis striolata Blanchard, 1854.