Satrapy of Armenia explained

Conventional Long Name:Satrapy of Armenia
Common Name:Satrapy of Armenia
Status:Satrapy
Government Type:Monarchy
Year Start:570 BC
Year End:321 BC
P1:Urartu
P2:Medes
S1:Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)
S2:Lesser Armenia
Image Map Caption:Territory of the Orontid dynasty in IV-II BC
Capital:Tushpa
Erebuni
Religion:Armenian polytheism
Zoroastrianism
Common Languages:Armenian
Aramaic (South)
Median (East)
Leader1:Orontes I (first)
Hydarnes (last)
Title Leader:King
S3:Sophene
S4:Commagene

The Satrapy of Armenia (Old Persian: or), a region controlled by the Orontid dynasty (570–201 BC), was one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC that later became an independent kingdom. Its capitals were Tushpa and later Erebuni.

History

Orontid dynasty

See main article: Orontid dynasty. The Orontid dynasty, or known by their native name, Eruandid or Yervanduni, was an Iranian[1] hereditary dynasty that ruled the satrapy of Armenia, the successor state to the Iron Age kingdom of Urartu (Ararat). It is suggested that it held dynastic familial linkages to the ruling Achaemenid dynasty. Throughout their existence, the Orontids stressed their lineage from the Achaemenids to strengthen their political legitimacy.

Members of the dynasty ruled Armenia intermittently during the period spanning from the 6th to at least the 2nd centuries BC, first as client kings or satraps of the Median and Achaemenid empires and later, after the collapse of the Achaemenid empire, as rulers of an independent kingdom, and later as kings of Sophene and Commagene, which eventually succumbed to the Roman Empire.

Following the demise of the Achaemenid Empire, the Satrapy of Armenia was incorporated into Alexander's empire. After Alexander's death, the Orontids gained independence from 321 BC until 301 BC when the Kingdom of Armenia fell to the Seleucid Empire. In 212 BC, Xerxes, King of Armenia revolted against the Seleucids but capitulated when besieged at his capital, Arsamasota, by Antiochus III.

Language

Despite the Hellenistic invasion of Persia, Persian and local Armenian culture remained the strongest element within society and the elites.

The Orontid administration used Aramaic, where it was used in official documents for centuries. Whereas most inscriptions used Old Persian cuneiform. Xenophon used an interpreter to speak to Armenians, while some Armenian villages were conversant in Persian.

The Greek inscriptions at Armavir indicate that the upper classes used Greek as one of their languages. Under Orontes IV (r. ca. 210–200 B.C.), the structure of government had begun to resemble Greek institutions, and Greek was used as the language of the royal court. Orontes IV had surrounded himself by the Hellenized nobility and sponsored the establishment of a Greek school in Armavir, the capital of the Armenian kingdom.

See also

Sources

. Canepa. Matthew P.. Matthew P. Canepa. Dynastic Sanctuaries and the Transformation of Iranian Kingship between Alexander and Islam. Babaie. Sussan. Sussan Babaie. Grigor. Talinn. Persian Kingship and Architecture: Strategies of Power in Iran from the Achaemenids to the Pahlavis. 2015. I.B.Tauris. 978-1848857513. 80. Iranian culture deeply influenced Armenia, and Iranian dynasties ruled Armenia during several important periods, including the Orontids (c. sixth century - c. early second century BCE) and Arsacids (54-428 CE)..

Notes and References

  1. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Satrapy of Armenia".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.