Orobanche californica explained
Orobanche californica, known by the common name California broomrape, is a species of broomrape.[1] It is a parasitic plant growing attached to the roots of other plants, usually members of the Asteraceae.
Distribution
Orobanche californica is native to western North America from British Columbia and Idaho, through California and Nevada, to Baja California.[2] It is found in many types of habitats. It has been noted to be associated with California goldenrod (Solidago californica)[3] and sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata).[4]
Description
This plant arises from a thick root and grows erect to a maximum height near 35cm (14inches), with one stem or a cluster of several. As a parasite taking its nutrients from a host plant, it lacks leaves and chlorophyll. It is light to dark purple in color and coated with glandular hairs.
The inflorescence is an elongated or branching array of several flowers. Each flower is tubular, up to 5 centimeters long, and pale pink, yellowish, or purple in color, sometimes with stark veining. The fruit is a capsule containing minute seeds.
Subspecies
There are several subspecies, which are sometimes difficult to differentiate. They include:[5] [2]
- Orobanche californica ssp. californica — native to coastal habitats, central California to B.C., parasitizes Grindelia [6]
- Orobanche californica subsp. condensa — endemic to California, in the Southern California Coast Ranges and western Transverse Ranges.[7]
- Orobanche californica ssp. feudgei — grows on chaparral plants, native to dry areas in Sierra Nevada and Transverse Ranges in California, and Peninsular Ranges in southern California and northern Baja California.[8]
- Orobanche californica ssp. grandis — uncommon subspecies endemic to California, found in coastal areas of San Luis Obispo County and northern Santa Barbara County, and on Santa Rosa Island of the northern Channel Islands.[9] [10]
- Orobanche californica ssp. grayana — native to moist meadows/stream banks in the San Francisco Bay Area, northern Sierra Nevada, and Modoc Plateau; on Erigeron and Aster [11]
- Orobanche californica ssp. jepsonii — Jepson's broomrape, Jepson's california broom rape, uncommon below 2200m (7,200feet), native from southern Sierra/San Joaquin Valley/ Santa Barbara County, north to Oregon border; found on assorted Asteraceae.[12]
Uses
The Paiute people of eastern California and the Great Basin used a decoction as a cold remedy and pulmonary aid.[13]
External links
Notes and References
- https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=34279 ITIS Report: Orobanche californica
- http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ORCA2 USDA
- http://homepage.mac.com/bugbob/ocw/orobanche/index.html Broom-rape Plants in Orange County, California
- http://waynesword.palomar.edu/plnov99.htm Parasitic Flowering Plants
- http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Orobanche+californica Calfora: Orobanche californica — subspecies and varieties
- https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/search_icpn.php?tid=51828 Jepson eFlora (TJM2): Orobanche californica ssp. californica
- https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/search_icpn.php?tid=51829 Jepson eFlora (TJM2): Orobanche californica subsp. condensa
- https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/search_icpn.php?tid=51830 Jepson eFlora (TJM2): Orobanche californica ssp. feudgei
- https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/search_icpn.php?tid=51831 Jepson eFlora (TJM2): Orobanche californica ssp. grandis
- http://www.calflora.org/entry/dgrid.html?crn=5969 Calflora: Distribution map of Orobanche californica ssp. grandis
- https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/search_icpn.php?tid=51832 Jepson eFlora (TJM2): Orobanche californica ssp. grayana
- https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/search_icpn.php?tid=51833 Jepson eFlora (TJM2): Orobanche californica ssp. jepsonii
- http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Orobanche+californica University of Michigan, Dearborn—Native American Ethnobotany species account for Orobanche californica
