Ornithobacterium hominis explained

Candidatus Ornithobacterium hominis is a gram-negative bacterial species that colonises the human respiratory tract. Despite being related to the bird pathogen O. rhinotracheale, it is not a zoonosis. It has been detected in microbiome data from people around the world, including The Gambia,[1] Madagascar and Central African Republic,[2] Kenya,[3] Mae La refugee camp in Thailand,[4] rural Venezuela,[5] Australia,[6] and Fiji.[7]

Detection

Ca. O. hominis can be identified from its unique 16S rRNA sequence.[8] Alternatively a clinical sample can be tested using a PCR assay targeting either the 16S rRNA gene or the conserved deamidating toxin gene ToxA.

Culture growth

Ca. O. hominis may be cultured from clinical specimens such as nasopharyngeal swabs on solid media including blood agar, chocolate agar, or tryptic soy agar. It requires microaerobic conditions and high humidity. Colonies grow slowly in a mixed bacterial sample and may require up to 5 days incubation at 35-37°C. Colonies are pleomorphic, glistening, grey and concave. They range in size from 1 to 3 mm after 48–120 hours incubation.[9]

Notes and References

  1. Kwambana-Adams. B.. Rapid replacement by non-vaccine pneumococcal serotypes may mitigate the impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal bacterial ecology. Scientific Reports. 7. 1. 8127. 28811633. 2017. 10.1038/s41598-017-08717-0. 5557800. 2017NatSR...7.8127K.
  2. Vonaesch. P.. Stunted childhood growth is associated with decompartmentalization of the gastrointestinal tract and overgrowth of oropharyngeal taxa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 115. 36. E8489–E8498. 30126990. 2018. 10.1073/pnas.1806573115. 6130352. free.
  3. Feazel. L.M.. Effects of Vaccination with 10-Valent Pneumococcal Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenza Protein D Conjugate Vaccine (PHiD-CV) on the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome of Kenyan Toddlers. PLOS ONE. 10. 6. e0128064. 26083474. 2015. 10.1371/journal.pone.0128064. 4471099. 2015PLoSO..1028064F. free.
  4. Salter. S.J.. A longitudinal study of the infant nasopharyngeal microbiota: The effects of age, illness and antibiotic use in a cohort of South East Asian children. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 11. 10. e0005975. 28968382. 2017. 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005975. 5638608 . free .
  5. Clemente. J.C.. The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians. Science Advances. 1. 3. e1500183. 26229982. 2015. 10.1126/sciadv.1500183. 4517851. 2015SciA....1E0183C.
  6. Marsh. R.L.. The microbiota in bronchoalveolar lavage from young children with chronic lung disease includes taxa present in both the oropharynx and nasopharynx. Microbiome. 4. 1. 37. 27388563. 2016. 10.1186/s40168-016-0182-1. 4936249 . free .
  7. Boelsen. L.K.. The association between pneumococcal vaccination, ethnicity, and the nasopharyngeal microbiota of children in Fiji. Microbiome. 7. 1. 106. 31311598. 2019. 10.1186/s40168-019-0716-4. 6636143 . free .
  8. Reference sequence for Ca. O. hominis strain OH-22803, 16S rRNA gene. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 29 August 2018.
  9. Lawrence. K.A.. Method for culturing Candidatus Ornithobacterium hominis. Journal of Microbial Methods. 159. 157–160. 30871998. 2019. 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.03.006. 78093117.

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