Order of battle for the Russian invasion of Ukraine explained

This is the order of battle for the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It should not be considered completely up to date nor accurate, being based on open-source press reporting.

An updated order of battle estimate for April 23, 2023, by the Institute for the Study of War is accessible at:

Another ISW relevant publication, published in October 2023:

Russian forces in 2022

Administrative chain of command

Commanders of the various MOD armed services and branches do not have operational control over the forces. They are responsible for force development and generation. The Chiefs of the ground forces, the aerospace forces, the navy, the strategic missile forces and the airborne forces also hold the appointments of Deputy Ministers of Defence, junior to the Chief of the General Staff, who is the First Deputy Minister of Defence.

The General Staff commands and controls forces through the National Defence Management Centre (NDMC). Operational control of the forces was carried out by the five Operational-Strategic Commands - the Western, Southern, Central and Eastern Military Districts and the OSK Northern Fleet, which is their equal. The Western and the Southern Military Districts share borders with Ukraine and are directly involved in the command and control of the operations.

Pre-2022 Russian military doctrine had specified that on the outbreak of war, armed forces from non-MOD services (like Rosgvardiya) would be placed under the General Staff.[1]

Initial force groupings

Ukrainian military commentator Yuri Butusov listed the following initial March 2022 deployment of Russian/allied forces:[12]

!Grouping!Role!Located around!Forces from!Estimated strength
Southwestern Belarusblocking contingent against Ukrainian forces in Western UkraineBrest, Luninyets, Baranavichy, Asipovichy and Minsk 6–7 battalion tactical groups (BTGs)
Southeastern BelarusKyiv offensive directionVepri, Elsin, Brahin, Khainini, Rechytsa and Mazyr5th, 35th and 36th Combined Arms Armies (CAA)7–9 BTGs
Bryansk Chernihiv offensive directionKlimovo, Klintsy, Pochep and Sevsk41st CAA and the 90th Guards Tank Division3 BTGs
Kursk–BelgorodSumy offensive directionTomarovka, Vesela Lopan', Zorino, Pristen', Kursk and Belgorod6th and 20th CAAs4 BTGs
Voronezh Kharkiv offensive directionStary Oskol, Soloti, Valuyki, Boguchar, Pogonovo and Voronezh6th Tank and 20th CAAs13–14 BTGs
Smolenskoperational reserve of the northern frontYelnya20th and 41st CAAs6–7 BTGs
Rostov Donbas and eastern Sea of Azov offensive directionRostov-on-Don and Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy8th CAA6 BTGs
Crimea southern Ukraine offensive directionCrimean Peninsula (Slavne, Dzhankoi, Novoozerne, Yevpatoria, Sevastopol, Oktyabrskoye, Bakhchysarar, Angarskyi, Feodosia, Opuk) up to 13 BTGs
Kuban operational reserve of the southern frontKuban Peninsula (Novorossiysk, Korenovsk, Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Krasnodar, Mol'kino and Maykop) and Stavropol 6 BTGs

Russian leaders 2022-23

Despite evolving Russian doctrine which specified all troops and forces operating from one Operational-Strategic Command (OSK) be placed under one commander, multiple repeated sources (Rochan Consulting, Center for Naval Analysis, British Ministry of Defence) reported that separate groupings of forces drawn from each of the four military districts, under the leadership of senior personnel from that military district, took part in the initial invasion.[13] President Vladimir Putin was repeatedly reported as taking a very involved stance, sometimes giving orders to field formations.[14]

In April 2022, the invasion began to run into setbacks; Russian forces were forced to withdraw from their attempt to take Kyiv. Therefore to handle a longer war, a single coordinating senior officer was appointed.

Russian/affiliated forces in 2023

Since 12 January 2023, Chief of the General Staff Army General Valery Gerasimov was appointed as commander of military operations in Ukraine, with Surovikin as his deputy.[17]

The actual operational chain of command of the Russian military effort in Ukraine is not public, changes, and is a mix of state and non-state bodies. Personal rivalries are evident. President Vladimir Putin however remains firmly in control, sometimes micromanaging. The loose connection of various mercenary bodies and Ramzan Kadyrov's Chechens to the official command chain[18] has been represented by placing them under headers separate to the Russian Armed Forces.

Scheduling and control of tactical fighter, ground attack, and strategic bomber "sorties" (one flight of one aircraft) is unclear.

On 18 April 2023, Russian official sources said that President Putin had held meetings in the Kherson area with several commanders. The President "..received reports from the commander of the Dnepr forces grouping, General Lieutenant Oleg Makarevich, the commander of the Vostok [Eastern] forces grouping, General Lieutenant Andrey Kuzmenko, and the deputy commander of the combined grouping, General Colonel Mikhail Teplinsky."[19] The meetings likely took place before April 16.

Mercenaries

Militias

Reserve units of the Russian Armed Forces

Chechens

Spetsnaz units

Clear evidence as to which Grouping of Forces these brigades belong to is not readily available.

Units returned to Russia:

Joint Group of Forces

Ukrainian forces

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Greg Whisler. 2019. Strategic Command and Control in the Russian Armed Forces: Untangling the General Staff, Military Districts, and Service Main Commands (Part One). The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 32. 4. 468. 10.1080/13518046.2019.1690188.
  2. News: Vladimir Putin turns on his own as he vows to 'purify' Russia of traitors. 17 March 2022. 25 March 2022. 23 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220323002208/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/03/17/vladimir-putin-turns-vows-purify-russia-traitors/. live.
  3. News: March 7, 2022 . Vitaly Gerasimov: second Russian general killed, Ukraine defence ministry claims . The Guardian . March 13, 2022 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309145526/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/08/vitaly-gerasimov-second-russian-general-killed-ukraine-defence-ministry-claims . live .
  4. Web site: 2022-04-15 . Russia says Ukraine fired mortars at Bryansk border post . 2022-04-15 . euronews . en . 9 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220509201634/https://www.euronews.com/2022/04/15/us-ukraine-crisis-russia-border-shooting . live .
  5. News: Ivshina . Olga . Элитные специалисты. Кого именно потеряла российская армия в Украине [Elite specialists. Who exactly lost the Russian army in Ukraine] ]. BBC News Русская Служба . 1 September 2022 . ru. From open sources, it is known about 20 FSB and FSO officers who died during the invasion of Ukraine. Most of these losses are employees of the border troops who are subordinate to the FSB. However, there are among the dead and officers of the most secret units..
  6. News: Mayor claims partisans killed more than 100 Russian soldiers in occupied Melitopol. Stefan. Korshak. Kyiv Post. 22 April 2022.
  7. News: 'Butcher of Mariupol': Russian general Mikhail Mizintsev is a mystery to experts . . 2022-04-01 . 2022-04-28 . 10 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220410064731/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/04/01/mikhail-mizintsev-butcher-of-mariupol-ukraine-russia/ . live .
  8. Web site: 2022-02-25 . Russian special forces have entered Kyiv to hunt down Ukraine's leaders, says Zelensky . 2022-03-21 . inews.co.uk . en . 26 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220226193521/https://inews.co.uk/news/russia-special-forces-kyiv-ukraine-leaders-mercanaries-behind-lines-1483303 . live .
  9. Web site: La Russie remplace son général chargé de la logistique en pleine campagne de mobilisation . 24 September 2022 . 25 September 2022.
  10. News: Vladimir Putin orders start of 'military operation' in eastern Ukraine. Financial Times. 24 February 2022. Seddon. Max. 24 February 2022. 24 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220224152541/https://www.ft.com/content/07bbc5c7-e620-4734-83b5-7bb261363c35. live.
  11. Web site: declassified the new commander of the paratroopers of the Russian Federation . 17 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220702010112/https://apolline-petit.com/declassified-the-new-commander-of-the-paratroopers-of-the-russian-federation . dead . 2 July 2022 . 17 June 2022 .
  12. Web site: Butusov . Yuri . 2022-02-18 . Отвода войск РФ от границ Украины нет, а замечена новая активность врага, - Бутусов. КАРТА [No Retreat of Russian Forces from the Ukrainian Border, new enemy activity sighted - Butusov. MAP] ]. 2022-04-11 . censor.net.
  13. Web site: Russia's War in Ukraine: Military and Intelligence Aspects . 8 . 13 February 2023 . Congressional Research Service.
  14. News: Sabbagh . Dan . 16 May 2022 . Putin involved in war 'at level of colonel or brigadier', say western sources . . 10 October 2023 . 0261-3077.
  15. News: Butcher of Aleppo' sacked as Vladimir Putin shakes up Russian top command again. The Telegraph. 25 June 2022.
  16. News: Russia names new commander of its forces engaged in Ukraine . Alarabiya . 8 October 2022.
  17. Web site: 2023-01-11 . Суровикин – заместитель. Объединенная группировка войск в зоне СВО получила ового командующего . 2023-01-11 . fontanka.ru - новости Санкт-Петербурга . ru.
  18. Web site: FY23 SCSS#2, 15 November 2022: "Militaries, Mercenaries, Militias and Morale and the Ukraine War" . 16 November 2022 .
  19. Web site: 2023-04-18 . Песков рассказал, кто присутствовал на совещании с Путиным в зоне СВО . Peskov told who was present at the meeting with Putin in the NVO zone . 2023-06-13 . РИА Новости . ru .
    Web site: Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 18, 2023 . 2023-06-13 . Institute for the Study of War . en . 25 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220325065358/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-march-24 . dead .
  20. Web site: Russian Heavy Bomber Force Overview . 29 April 2020 . 25 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220325105235/https://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/heavy-bomber-force-overview/ . live .
  21. Web site: Prosecutor General's Office identifies Russian military unit responsible for Dnipro attack . 15 January 2023 . 15 January 2023.
  22. News: Rana . Manveen . Volodymyr Zelensky: Russian mercenaries ordered to kill Ukraine's president . . en . 5 March 2022 . 0140-0460 . 28 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220228172727/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/volodymyr-zelensky-russian-mercenaries-ordered-to-kill-ukraine-president-cvcksh79d . live .
  23. Web site: Large unit of Wagner Group eliminated in eastern Ukraine . 31 May 2022 . 31 May 2022 . 31 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220531202258/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3496472-large-unit-of-wagner-group-eliminated-in-eastern-ukraine.html . live .
  24. News: Rusich's neo-Nazi mercenaries head for Kharkiv . Ball . Tom . 15 May 2022 . 13 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220513065921/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/rusichs-neo-nazi-mercenaries-head-for-kharkiv-prjndp9rl . live .
  25. Web site: Gazprom erschafft Schattenarmee . . de.
  26. Web site: ISW says competition between Russian PMCs is growing in Bakhmut . 2023-05-17 . Ukrainska Pravda . en.
  27. Web site: Shoigu deploys his Private Military Company, which competes with Wagner Group, to war against Ukraine . 2023-02-11 . Ukrainska Pravda . en.
  28. Web site: A mercenaries' war How Russia's invasion of Ukraine led to a 'secret mobilization' that allowed oligarch Evgeny Prigozhin to win back Putin's favor . 2023-02-11 . Meduza . en.
  29. Web site: 2022-12-11 . Convicts in arms - Russian convicts are now used to fuel the war in Ukraine: the military, the PMCs, and the Kremlin all want to deploy them to the frontlines as cannon fodder . 2023-02-11 . Novaya Gazeta Europe.
  30. Web site: 21 August 2022 . Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220828032000/https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Russian%20Offensive%20Campaign%20Assessment%2C%20August%2021.pdf . 28 August 2022 . 20 June 2023 . Institute for the Study of War.
  31. Web site: Bailey . Riley . Mappes . Grace . Wolkov . Nicole . Evans . Angelica . Clark . Mason . Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, September 1, 2023 . . 23 September 2023.
  32. Web site: Schemes and Systema Read in Ukrainian Read in Russian . Inside Russia's Fake Private Mercenary Company Fighting In Ukraine . 2023-12-08 . RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty . en.
  33. Web site: Hird . Karolina . Bailey . Riley . Wolkov . Nicole . Philipson . Layne . Kagan . Frederick W. . Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 26, 2023 . 8 July 2023 . Institute for the Study of War.
  34. Web site: Jones . Andrew . Russian space agency Roscosmos recruiting fighters for war against Ukraine: report . . 23 June 2023 . 4 July 2023.
  35. News: 2023-02-08 . Notorious Russian nationalist Igor Mangushev shot dead in Ukraine . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-03-01.
  36. Web site: 2023-06-19 . Deputy commander and entire battalion of Russian troops from South Ossetia killed in south Ukraine . 2023-09-23 . Yahoo Life . en-US.
  37. Web site: Mappes . Grace . Wolkov . Nicole . Stepanenko . Kateryna . Barros . George . Clark . Mason . Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 11, 2023 . 11 June 2023 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230612024326/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-june-11-2023 . 12 June 2023 . 23 September 2023 . Institute for the Study of War.
  38. Web site: Stepanenko . Kateryna . Bailey . Riley . Mappes . Grace . Wolkov . Nicole . Barros . George . Kagan . Frederick W. . Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, July 2, 2023 . . 23 September 2023.
  39. Web site: Gogarty . Conor . 2022-03-12 . Russian commanders killed in Ukraine including 'brutal warlord' . 2022-03-12 . WalesOnline . en . General Magomed Tushaev died when his Chechen special forces column, including 56 tanks, was obliterated near Hostomel. . 13 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220313025744/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/world-news/russian-commanders-killed-ukraine-invasion-23360033 . live .
  40. Web site: Russian security forces provided Ukrainian intelligence with data on Kadyrov's commanders in Ukraine . 10 March 2022 . 29 May 2022 . 12 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220312233439/https://odessa-journal.com/russian-security-forces-provided-ukrainian-intelligence-with-data-on-kadyrovs-commanders-in-ukraine/ . live .
  41. Web site: Devastated Mariupol teeters on the brink, but Ukrainian troops refuse to abandon the fallen. Yahoo News. 28 March 2022. Robert. Mendick. 21 April 2022. 28 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220328211736/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/devastated-mariupol-teeters-brink-ukrainian-193740652.html. live.
  42. Web site: Institute for the Study of War . 2023-02-06 . Institute for the Study of War . en . 25 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220325065358/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-march-24 . dead .
  43. Web site: Командир псковського спецназу відмовився виконувати накази – розвідка. 16 March 2022. 14 April 2022. 16 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220316223852/https://ua.news/ru/komandyr-pskovskogo-spetsnazu-vidmovyvsya-vykonuvaty-nakazy-rozvidka/. live.
  44. Web site: Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, March 31, 2023 . 31 March 2023.
  45. Web site: Cios dla Rosji. Zginęli kolejni żołnierze. Jeden miał tylko 23 lata . 18 May 2022 . 22 May 2022 . 18 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220518065033/https://www.o2.pl/informacje/cios-dla-rosji-zgineli-kolejni-zolnierze-jeden-mial-tylko-23-lata-6770092820999136a . live .
  46. Web site: AFU liquidate Russian brigade commander Polyakov . 11 February 2023.
  47. Web site: Генштаб ЗСУ розповів, яким був 13-й день війни РФ проти України. 14 April 2022. 28 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220328025137/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-genshtab-zsu-13-den/31743479.html/. live.
  48. Web site: Donetsk Region: Ukrainian paratroopers eliminate Russian special forces unit from Siberia . 2 May 2022 . 21 May 2022 . 2 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220502175734/https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/05/2/7343436/ . live .
  49. Web site: Russia's commando units gutted by Ukraine war, US leak shows . 2023-04-17 . MSN . en-US.
  50. Web site: 2023-03-14 . Denis Evseenko . 2024-03-21 . TopCargo200 . en.
  51. Web site: Major General Linkov appointed interim commander of Russian army's 'Center' grouping in Ukraine . 6 November 2022.
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  53. Web site: Russia's Ill-Fated Invasion of Ukraine: Lessons in Modern Warfare . 1 June 2022 . 5 June 2022 . 5 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220605021822/https://www.csis.org/analysis/russias-ill-fated-invasion-ukraine-lessons-modern-warfare . live . Jones . Seth G. .
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  55. Web site: Ukrainian paratroopers eliminated an elite motorized rifle brigade from Tomsk . 19 April 2022 . 21 May 2022 . 15 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220515230235/https://babel.ua/en/news/77863-ukrainian-paratroopers-eliminated-an-elite-motorized-rifle-brigade-from-tomsk . live .
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  57. Web site: Battle casualties of Russian invaders as of April 25, 2022 — General Staff of AFU . 25 April 2022 . 25 Apr 2022.
  58. Web site: Russia's 25th Combined Arms Army Deploys to Ukraine for the First Time and What Does It Mean . 13 September 2023.
  59. Web site: Russia engages new 25th Combined Arms Army in combat, reducing risks of large-scale offensive – UK intelligence . 27 September 2023.
  60. Web site: New formations of the Russian Armed Forces . 25 August 2023.
  61. Web site: ИВАНОВА . Кристина . 2023-06-14 . Артисты из филармонии Башкирии выступили перед бойцами на слаживании . 2023-09-14 . Prufy.ru Новости . ru.
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  63. Web site: What is This 25th Army (25 CAA), and How Can the Battles for Bakhmut Hinder russia From Deploying a New Airborne Division? . 21 September 2023.
  64. Web site: Ukraine's Guns Are In Range Of Izium. That's Bad News For Russia. . 18 May 2022 . Axe . David . . 20 May 2022 . 26 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220526145659/https://gum.criteo.com/syncframe?origin=publishertag&topUrl=www.forbes.com . live .
  65. Web site: Colonel Zakharov, Regimental Commander of Occupiers, Liquidated in Brovary District . 4 May 2022 . 30 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220330031228/https://charter97.org/en/news/2022/3/10/458418/ . live .
  66. Web site: How a Rape Trial Against Russian Soldiers Is Shaping Up in Chernihiv . 7 October 2022 . 5 November 2022.
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  70. Web site: Exclusive: Voice message reveals Russian military unit's catastrophic losses in Ukraine . The Kyiv Independent . 2 March 2022 . 23 April 2022 . 23 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220423071443/https://kyivindependent.com/national/exclusive-voice-message-reveals-russian-military-units-catastrophic-losses-in-ukraine/ . live .
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  239. Web site: На Украине погиб замполит 20-й мотострелковой дивизии Алексей Аврамченко . 13 July 2022 . 14 July 2022.
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  245. Web site: The building housing the 150th Rifle Division burned down in the Rostov region of the Russian Federation . 2 January 2023.
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  284. Web site: Ukraine has hobbled Russia's Black Sea Fleet. Could it turn the tide of the war? . . 29 August 2022 . 1 September 2022.
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  519. Web site: Incompetence or the realities of war? Turmoil for Canadian-led foreign battalion in Ukraine . 2022-12-29 . nationalpost . en-CA.
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  521. Web site: Anarquistas ucranios toman las armas contra la invasión rusa. Hibai. Aza. 16 March 2022. 29 March 2023. El País.
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