Opinion polling for the 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum explained

Opinion polling on whether to change the Australian Constitution to establish an Indigenous Voice has been conducted since 2017, when Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leaders petitioned for such an amendment as part of the Uluru Statement from the Heart.[1] The number of these polls conducted grew substantially following Labor's victory in the 2022 federal election; the party had committed to holding the referendum required for this constitutional change in its first term of government.[2]

At least ten firms polled Australians on the proposed amendment, greater than the number who have polled party support for any previous Australian election. Some firms were commissioned by media organisations, think tanks, advocacy groups or university foundations. Other firms self-initiated their polls for market research or strategic communications purposes. Considering methodologies, polls were almost exclusively conducted online, with only one firm using SMS. Pollsters differed on whether to give a forced-choice question, as is done in actual Australian referendums, or allow respondents to express indecision or lack of knowledge. Some pollsters also used Likert-style questions to allow respondents to express how strong their opinion is.

The Australian Constitution requires a proposed amendment to attain a double majority in the referendum – not only a majority of votes nationwide, but also a majority in at least four of the six states. Because of this requirement, the level of support in each state was of special interest. One way pollsters investigated state-level support was to break down results from national polls. However, these polls sometimes did not survey enough people from each state to give reliable results about state-level support, especially for smaller states like Tasmania and South Australia. Another way pollsters investigated was by specifically surveying people from a particular state.

Pollsters also often broke down their results by age, gender, and party affiliation. The last was of particular interest because bipartisan support is often considered necessary for an Australian referendum to pass, though it is not a formal requirement.

The extent of support for the Voice among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians was a key point of discussion. All publicly available polling indicated absolute majorities among this group favouring the Voice. Important caveats include the small sample size associated with certain polls, the length of time elapsed since the polls were conducted, and the lack of publicly available results and methodologies for certain polls.

Poll aggregations

Graphical summary – binary choice

National poll results

Polls on establishing an Indigenous Voice
Date(s)Firm SampleWith undecidedsBinaryRef.
Yes No DK Yes No
25 September–14 October 2023Australian Electoral Commissiondata-sort-value="15895231" style="background:Thistle;"15,895,231data-sort-value="" style="background:Thistle; vertical-align: middle; class="table-na" —data-sort-value="" style="background:Thistle; vertical-align: middle; class="table-na" —data-sort-value="" style="background:Thistle; vertical-align: middle; class="table-na" —39.9%60.1%[3]
14 October 2023Voting day for all on-the-day voting in Australia.[4]
11–14 October 2023Essential112538%53%10%42%58%[5]
4–12 October 2023Newspoll263837%57%6%40%60%[6]
2–12 October 2023Roy Morgan141944%51%5%46%54%[7]
6–10 October 2023YouGov151938%56%6%40%60%[8]
6–9 October 2023JWS Research92239%52%9%43%57%[9]
1–9 October 2023DemosAU225134%54%12%39%61%[10]
October 2023Pollinate35%47%18%43%57%[11]
3–6 October 2023Newspoll122534%58%8%37%63%[12]
22 September–4 October 2023Resolve Strategic472838%49%13%44%56%[13]
2–3 October 2023Early in-person voting begins for electors who cannot vote on the day.[14]
18 September–2 October 2023Focaldata460839%61%[15]
27 September–1 October 2023Essential112543%49%8%47%53%[16]
25 September–1 October 2023Roy Morgan90937%46%17%44%56%[17]
25–29 September 2023YouGov156338%53%9%42%58%[18]
25 September 2023Voting begins in certain remote areas.
22–24 September 2023Freshwater Strategy100333%50%17%40%60%[19]
18–24 September 2023Roy Morgan151139%44%17%47%53%[20]
18–22 September 2023Newspoll123936%56%8%39%61%[21] [22]
15–22 September 2023GIC128338%45%17%46%54%[23]
13–21 September 2023RedBridge150038%62%[24] [25]
September 2023Pollinate35%44%21%44%56%[26]
1–19 September 2023DemosAU250438%54%8%41%59%[27]
13–16 September 2023Essential113541%51%9%45%55%[28]
6–9 September 2023Resolve Strategic160435%49%16%43%57%[29]
2–5 September 2023Freshwater Strategy176135%50%15%41%59%
30 August–4 September 2023RedBridge100139%61%[30] [31]
30 August–3 September 2023Essential115142%48%10%47%53%[32]
28 August–1 September 2023Newspoll120038%53%9%42%58%[33]
7–31 August 2023DemosAU235939%42%19%48%52%
30 August 2023PM Anthony Albanese announces 14 October as referendum date.[34]
16–21 August 2023SEC Newgate120046%54%[35]
August 2023Pollinate100031%39%30%44%56%[36]
9–13 August 2023Resolve Strategic160337%45%18%46%54%[37]
2–5 August 2023Essential115043%47%10%48%52%[38]
July 2023Scanlon Institute745449%30%20%62%38%[39]
11–28 July 2023DemosAU235939%42%20%48%52%
21–27 July 2023RedBridge102244%56%[40]
12–15 July 2023Resolve Strategic161036%42%22%48%52%[41]
12–15 July 2023Newspoll157041%48%11%46%54%[42]
July 2023Australian Labor Party1430048%47%5%51%49%[43]
5–9 July 2023Essential112547%43%10%52%48%[44]
4–7 July 2023Australia Institute100452%33%15%61%39%[45]
June 2023DemosAU44%39%18%53%47%
23–28 June 2023SEC Newgate220743%34%23%56%44%[46]
21–25 June 2023Essential57446%42%12%52%48%[47]
57456%44%
16–24 June 2023Newspoll230343%47%10%48%52%[48]
The Constitutional Amendment bill passes through the Senate.[49]
7–11 June 2023Essential112360%40%[50] [51]
5–11 June 2023Resolve Strategic160642%40%18%49%51%[52]
2–6 June 2023JWS Research112246%43%11%51%49%[53]
31 May–3 June 2023Newspoll154946%43%11%52%48%[54]
May 2023DemosAU43%35%22%55%45%
26–29 May 2023Roy Morgan183346%36%18%56%44%[55]
26 May 2023Finder105048%39%13%55%45%[56]
15–17 May 2023Freshwater Strategy100548%38%14%55%45%[57]
10–14 May 2023Essential108059%41%[58] [59]
10–13 May 2023Resolve Strategic161044%39%18%53%47%[60]
4–8 May 2023Ipsos94660%40%[61]
April 2023DemosAU58%29%13%66%34%
14–18 April 2023Roy Morgan118146%39%15%54%46%[62]
13–18 April 2023SEC Newgate120052%27%21%66%34%[63] [64]
12–16 April 2023Essential113660%40%[65]
12–16 April 2023Resolve Strategic160946%31%22%58%42%[66]
9–12 April 2023Freshwater Strategy100242%34%24%56%44%[67] [68]
The federal Liberal Party announces its opposition.[69]
29 March–1 April 2023Newspoll 150053%39%8%58%42%[70]
1–21 March 2023YouGov15060 51%34%15%60%40%[71]
15–19 March 2023Essential112459%41%[72] [73]
12–16 March 2023Resolve Strategic160046%32%22%57%43%[74]
1–4 March 2023Newspoll 153053%38%9%58%42%[75]
24–27 February 2023JWS Research94051%36%13%59%41%[76]
15–19 February 2023Resolve Strategic160446%32%21%58%42%[77] [78]
1–6 February 2023SEC Newgate147853%22%25%71%29%[79] [80]
1–5 February 2023Essential100065%35%[81]
1–4 February 2023Newspoll 151256%37%7%60%40%[82] [83]
December 2022–January 2023Resolve Strategic321747%30%23%60%40%[84]
16–18 December 2022Freshwater Strategy120950%26%23%65%35%[85]
9–12 December 2022Roy Morgan149953%30%17%64%36%[86]
7–11 December 2022Essential107563%37%[87]
28 November–2 December 2022Institute for Public Affairs100038%34%28%53%47%[88]
28 November 2022The federal National Party announces its opposition.[89]
5–10 October 2022SEC Newgate120755%19%25%74%26%
7 October 2022Compass Polling100160%40%
August–September 2022Resolve Strategic361853%29%19%64%36%[90]
3 September 2022Compass Polling100665%35%
12–15 August 2022JWS Research100043%24%34%65%35%[91]
11–15 August 2022SEC Newgate180457%19%24%75%25%
3–7 August 2022Essential107565%35%[92]
Albanese reveals draft amendment wording.[93]
11–24 July 2022Scanlon Institute575759%18%20%77%23%
13–15 July 2022Australia Institute100165%14%21%82%18%[94]
14–17 June 2022Australia Institute100158%16%26%78%22%
25–30 May 2022Essential108953%17%29%76%24%[95]
23–27 May 2022SEC Newgate140359%16%25%79%21%
Labor wins the 2022 federal election, pledging a first-term referendum.[96]
August 2021CT Group57%16%28%78%22%[97]
6 July 2021Essential109966%19%15%78%22%[98]
9–18 February 2021Omnipoll145653%18%29%75%25%[99] [100]
June 2020CT Group200056%17%27%77%23%[101]
February 2020CT Group200049%20%31%71%29%[102]
19–23 June 2019Essential107966%21%13%76%24%[103]
2–6 May 2019Essential107943%[104]
22–25 February 2018Essential102868%21%11%76%24%[105]
15–18 February 2018Newspoll163257%32%11%64%36%
5–7 December 2017Australia Institute141746%29%24%61%39%
3–6 November 2017Essential102545%16%39%74%26%[106]
3–10 August 2017Omnipoll152661%30%9%67%33%
1–5 June 2017Essential101344%14%42%76%24%[107]
In the Uluru Statement, Indigenous leaders call for a constitutional Voice.[108]
November 2016–May 2017Cox Inall Ridgeway500068%32%[109]
Notes

Subpopulation results

Results by state

Polls on establishing an Indigenous Voice
Date(s)Firm SampleNew South WalesVictoriaQueenslandWestern AustraliaSouth AustraliaTasmaniaRef.
Y N DK Y N DKY N DKY N DKY N DKY N DK
25 September–14 October 2023Australian Electoral Commissiondata-sort-value="15895231" style="background:Thistle;"15,895,23141.0%59.0%data-sort-value=""; style="background:Thistle; vertical-align: middle; class="table-na"; —45.9%54.1%data-sort-value=""; style="background:Thistle; vertical-align: middle; class="table-na"; —31.8%68.2%data-sort-value=""; style="background:Thistle; vertical-align: middle; class="table-na"; —36.7%63.3%data-sort-value=""; style="background:Thistle; vertical-align: middle; class="table-na"; —35.8%64.1%data-sort-value=""; style="background:Thistle; vertical-align: middle; class="table-na"; —41.1%58.9%data-sort-value=""; style="background:Thistle; vertical-align: middle; class="table-na"; —
14 October 2023Voting day for all in-person voting across Australia.
3–12 October 2023Newspoll386341%54%5%43%51%6%30%65%5%28%65%7%33%60%7%38%55%7%
2–12 October 2023Roy Morgan141946%49%5%54%42%4%30%64%6%44%54%2%39%51%10%47%52%1%
6–9 October 2023JWS Research92240%52%8%44%44%11%33%56%11%28%64%7%40%56%4%
1–9 October 2023DemosAU225130%57%12%30%57%13%[110]
22 September–4 October 2023Resolve Strategic472848%52%46%54%36%64% 39%61%44%56%56%44%
27 September–1 October 2023Essential112542%50%8%43%45%12%39%56%4%
18–24 September 2023Roy Morgan151140%42%18%46%42%12%31%49%20%30%46%24%36%48%16%56%43%1%
13–21 September 2023RedBridge150042%58%41%59%32%68%
13–16 September 2023Essential113547%44%8%45%47%8%30%60%10%
September 2023Fair Australia63736%59%5%[111]
8–9 September 2023Painted Dog128539%61%[112]
6–9 September 2023Resolve Strategic160444%56%49%51%39%61%39%61%41%59%56%44%
30 August–4 September 2023RedBridge100139%61%45%55%35%65%[113]
30 August–3 September 2023Essential115145%44%10%43%44%12%35%58%8%34%58%8%37%45%17%
21 August 2023Insightfully115642%53%5%[114]
16–21 August 2023SEC Newgate120048%52%51%49%37%63%37%63%46%54%[115]
July–August 2023Resolve Strategic321346%54%51%49%41%59%44%56%46%54%55%45%
1–7 August 2023Australia Institute60543%39%18%[116]
2–5 August 2023Essential115041%47%12%47%46%7%40%51%9%39%48%13%45%48%7%
21–27 July 2023RedBridge102244%56%45%55%37%63%
18–20 July 2023Utting Research100029%58%13%[117]
June–July 2023Resolve Strategic321649%51%52%48%42%58% 49%51%49%51%54%46%
5–9 July 2023Essential112545%44%11%48%39%13%42%50%8%49%47%4%49%38%13%
29 June–2 July 2023Freshwater Strategy106536%50%14%[118]
31 May–24 June 2023Newspoll385246%41%13%48%41%11%40%54%6%39%52%9%45%46%9%43%48%9%
17–19 June 2023Institute of Public Affairs66039%42%19%[119]
17 June 2023Painted Dog105057%43%[120]
7–11 June 2023Essential112362%38%62%38%57%43%52%48%53%47%
2–6 June 2023JWS Research112241%47%12%44%42%14%45%46%9%61%33%6%43%42%15%
May–June 2023Resolve Strategic321753%47%56%44%44%56% 49%51%48%52%57%43%
26–29 May 2023Roy Morgan183348%38%14%47%32%21%39%46%15%41%35%24%47%32%21%42%26%32%
26 May 2023Finder98248%38%13%51%35%14%43%44%13%49%42%10%43%44%13%
10–14 May 2023Essential108064%36%61%39%49%51%52%48%61%39%
14–18 April 2023Roy Morgan118146%38%16%52%31%17%41%46%13%46%41%13%39%50%11%38%33%29%
13–18 April 2023SEC Newgate120054%26%20%60%20%20%41%34%25%43%30%27%
12–16 April 2023Essential113659%41%56%44%55%45%70%30%64%36%
The federal Liberal Party announces its opposition.
February–April 2023Newspoll 475655%36%9%56%35%9%49%43%8%51%41%8%60%33%7%55%39%6%
25–26 March 2023Painted Dog105254%35%11%[121]
1–21 March 2023YouGov15060 52%32%16%53%31%16%47%40%14%48%37%15%51%34%16%50%35%15%
15–19 March 2023Essential112461%39%67%33%49%51%55%45%62%38%
February–March 2023Resolve Strategic160052%48%52%48%
24–27 February 2023JWS Research94052%32%16%54%35%11%48%38%13%50%42%9%46%38%15%
1–5 February 2023Essential100063%37%64%36%65%35%68%32%62%38%
December 2022–January 2023Resolve Strategic321758%42%65%35%56%44%61%39%56%44%71%29%
14–17 January 2023YouGov106946%30%24%[122] [123]
2–6 January 2023Painted Dog112451%27%22%[124]
9–12 December 2022Roy Morgan149952%29%19%55%28%17%44%38%18%63%26%11%54%33%13%68%24%8%
7–11 December 2022Essential107566%34%66%34%56%44%56%44%60%40%
28 November 2022The federal National Party announces its opposition.
5–10 October 2022SEC Newgate120756%60%53%49%53%
August–September 2022Resolve Strategic361865%35%64%36%59%41%60%40%71%29%73%27%
12–15 August 2022JWS Research100043%24%34%44%17%39%38%31%31%40%25%36%40%27%33%
3–7 August 2022Essential107565%35%63%37%62%38%75%25%60%40%
PM Anthony Albanese reveals draft amendment wording.
11–24 July 2022Scanlon Institute575762%62%51%59%57%
13–15 July 2022Australia Institute100162%12%25%71%12%17%66%11%23%63%22%15%
14–17 June 2022Australia Institute100159%15%26%57%13%30%57%21%22%57%22%21%
Labor wins the 2022 federal election, pledging a first-term referendum.
9–18 February 2021Omnipoll145663%10%27%67%11%22%57%16%27%59%14%28%57%11%32%74%11%15%
5–7 December 2017Australia Institute141750%28%22%51%24%25%41%33%26%36%38%26%45%26%30%
3–10 August 2017Omnipoll152662%29%9%63%28%9%60%33%7%57%33%11%56%31%13%44%49%7%
In the Uluru Statement, Indigenous leaders call for a constitutional Voice.

Results by party affiliation

Date(s)! rowspan="3"
FirmSampleLaborCoalitionGreensOne NationOtherRef.
YNDKYNDKYNDKYNDKYNDK
14 October 2023Voting day for all in-person voting across Australia.
2–12 October 2023Roy Morgan141972%18%10%10%81%9%83%10%7%—30%61%9%
6–10 October 2023YouGov151953%40%8%20%75%3%70%25%5%——
3–6 October 2023Newspoll122556%36%8%————
22 September–4 October 2023Resolve Strategic472867%33%16%84%80%20%——
18 September–2 October 2023Focaldata460855%45%18%82%73%27%12%88%24%76%
25–29 September 2023YouGov156349%41%10%22%73%5%70%24%6%——[125]
22–24 September 2023Freshwater Strategy100351%31%18%20%71%9%———
18–24 September 2023Roy Morgan183367%18%15%12%76%12%83%5%12%2%94%4%22%62%16%
18–22 September 2023Newspoll123956%36%8%————
13–21 September 2023RedBridge150051%49%19%81%75%25%—28%72%[126]
13–16 September 2023Essential113558%33%8%26%70%4%70%20%10%—24%71%5%[127]
6–9 September 2023Resolve Strategic160460%40%16%84%78%22%——
30 August–4 September 2023RedBridge100157%43%13%87%77%23%—20%80%
5 September 2023Essential104361%39%26%74%71%29%—18%82%[128]
28 August–1 September 2023Newspoll120061%31%8%—64%26%10%——
2–5 August 2023Essential104358%8%34%25%68%7%70%19%11%—30%64%6%[129]
12–15 July 2023Resolve Strategic161050%28%23%17%64%19%69%12%19%—20%58%22%
5–9 July 2023Essential102264%26%10%33%60%7%73%18%9%—25%68%25%
4–7 July 2023Australia Institute100465%21%14%37%49%14%74%8%18%14%78%8%36%40%24%
The Constitutional Amendment bill passes through the Senate.[130]
7–11 June 2023Essential112372%28%43%57%83%17%—38%62%
5–11 June 2023Resolve Strategic160656%28%16%20%63%17%76%13%11%—23%57%20%
31 May–3 June 2023Newspoll154963%—64%71%——64%
26–29 May 2023Roy Morgan183367%12%21%10%73%17%90%3%7%2%86%12%30%50%20%
10–14 May 2023Essential113671%29%45%55%81%19%—41%59%
10–13 May 2023Resolve Strategic161069%31%27%73%83%17%——
14–18 April 2023Roy Morgan118175%14%11%6%74%20%89%5%6%7%89%4%21%50%29%[131]
13–18 April 2023SEC Newgate120026%50%24%———
12–16 April 2023Essential113676%24%41%59%81%18%—45%54%
The federal Liberal Party announces its opposition.[132]
29 March–1 April 2023Newspoll150072%—55%———
15–19 March 2023Essential112478%22%43%57%77%23%—41%59%
12–16 March 2023Resolve Strategic160072%28%33%67%86%14%—44%56%
1–4 March 2023Newspoll153068%21%11%35%———
1–6 February 2023SEC Newgate147865%32%43%25%77%——
1–5 February 2023Essential100077%23%41%59%89%11%—52%48%
1–4 February 2023Newspoll151274%18%8%37%59%4%81%10%9%—41%53%6%
December 2022–January 2023Resolve Strategic321761%27%72%—45%
9–12 December 2022Roy Morgan149976%9%15%15%64%21%89%2%9%18%71%11%59%25%16%
7–11 December 2022Essential107575%25%46%54%84%16%—51%49%
28 November – 2 December 2022Institute of Public Affairs100045%27%28%30%49%21%57%10%33%21%50%29%27%32%41%
28 November 2022The federal National Party announces its opposition.
5–10 October 2022SEC Newgate120764%37%78%——
7 October 2022Compass Polling100175%25%45%55%82%18%12%88%52%48%
11–15 August 2022SEC Newgate180455%41%83%—47%
3–7 August 2022Essential107577%23%53%47%81%19%—56%44%
PM Anthony Albanese reveals draft amendment wording.[133]
11–24 July 2022Scanlon Institute575770%40%86%—46%
13–15 July 2022Australia Institute100170%8%22%56%23%21%82%7%12%59%25%16%65%7%28%
14–17 June 2022Australia Institute100160%8%23%49%26%25%71%15%15%35%28%37%48%13%39%
25–30 May 2022Essential108966%44%77%—50%
23–27 May 2022SEC Newgate140369%40%82%—55%
Labor wins the 2022 federal election, pledging a first-term referendum.[134]
2–6 May 2019Essential107955%31%65%—37%
15–18 February 2018Newspoll163276%16%8%38%48%14%87%10%3%38%50%12%—
5–7 December 2017Australia Institute141750%26%24%41%35%24%75%10%15%23%48%29%41%28%31%
3–6 November 2017Essential102561%37%24%39%67%——[135]
3–10 August 2017Omnipoll152667%24%9%55%41%4%80%10%10%—45%46%9%
1–5 June 2017Essential101351%—74%——
In the Uluru Statement, Indigenous leaders call for a constitutional Voice.[136]

Other polls

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians

Two polls surveying Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people's views on the Indigenous Voice commissioned in early 2023 by The Uluru Dialogue, a pro-Voice lobby group, were conducted online by Ipsos and YouGov. Both found broad support for the Voice: 80% in the Ipsos survey and 83% in the YouGov survey. The YouGov result compared to 51% support in the broader population. These results have been cited by Yes campaign figures, including Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, as evidence for broad Indigenous support for the Voice.

The ABC conducted a review of Indigenous-specific polling in August 2023, consulting with polling experts Kevin Bonham, William Bowe, and Simon Jackman. All agreed there was nothing to suggest "anything other than broad support among First Nations Australians" and particularly endorsed the YouGov poll. Caveats included the small sample size associated with the Ipsos poll, the recency of the polls (both having been months out of date at the time of the review) and questions over whether online samples adequately represented remote Indigenous communities, although this was noted as a lesser concern given that the proportion of Indigenous people living in remote areas is often overestimated.

Late in the campaign, Resolve Strategic found 59% of Indigenous Australians in support, compared to 44% support in the broader population. This was a considerable decrease from the near-80% support in the Ipsos and YouGov polls, but still represented a majority. Another late poll from Focaldata found about 70% in support, but the firm urged caution in interpreting the figure because it was based on a sample of about 250 Indigenous Australians.

Passing the Message Stick, a research group aiming to discover strategies for a Yes victory in the referendum, found in a telephone survey 24% of Indigenous people opposed the Voice and 42% either did not know about the referendum or had heard very little. These results was initially presented in a webinar with a limited audience (400 people), but later more widely reported. The results have been cited by No campaigners to dispute the Yes campaign's perspective of broad Indigenous support. However, the ABC excluded this survey from consideration in their review of Indigenous-specific polling, because not enough information about its results and methodologies was publicly available.

The No campaign conducted three internal polls on Indigenous support from February to May 2023, though only two results were publicly released, showing a fall in support from 60% in February to 57% in May. These results compared with 59% (February) and 54% (May) support among the broader population. These polls were not publicly reported until early October. No details were provided regarding sample sizes, precise questions asked, or methodologies.[137]

Indigenous Voice polls surveying Indigenous Australians
DatesFirmSampleYes No DKRef.
22 September–4 October 2023Resolve42059%41%[138]
18 September–2 October 2023Focaldata25070%30%
May 2023No campaign57%
1–21 March 2023YouGov73283%14%4%[139]
February 2023No campaign60%
February 2023Passing the Message Stick21924%[140]
20–24 January 2023Ipsos30080%10%10%[141]
November 2016–May 2017Cox Inall Ridgeway30080%

Weighted media audience surveys

Some media organisations have surveyed their audiences about their views, then weighted the results by various demographic factors in an attempt to make the results nationally representative.

Weighted media audience surveys on establishing an Indigenous Voice
DatesMedia organisationSampleYes No DKRef.
22 August–4 September 2023Australian Community Media860034%61%5%[142]
16–26 June 2023Australian Community Media1013138%55%7%[143]
10–21 April 2022Australian Broadcasting Corporation29245773%16%11%[144]
10–28 April 2019Australian Broadcasting Corporation36809764%22%14%

Australian Reconciliation Barometer

Since 2018, Reconciliation Australia has included a question in its biennial poll, the Australian Reconciliation Barometer, on whether it is important to "protect a First Nations Body in the Constitution". Although this poll has drawn academic attention, there is some dispute over whether the data from this question is suitable for discovering public opinion on the Indigenous Voice. Francis Markham and William Sanders included the question in their analysis, taking respondents indicating importance to be expressing support for the Voice and respondents indicating unimportance, opposition. Murray Goot, terming the question "quite general", did not believe it specifically referred to the Voice.

Australian Reconciliation Barometer polls
Date(s)FirmSampleImportant UnimportantRef.
21 July–28 August 2022Polity Research252279%21%[145]
1–15 July 2020Polity Research198881%19%[146]
16–30 July 2018Polity Research199577%23%

Notes and References

  1. Markham . Francis . Sanders . William . Support for a constitutionally enshrined First Nations Voice to Parliament: Evidence from opinion research since 2017 . Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research . 138/2020 . . 2020 . 10.25911/5fb398ee9c47d . Canberra . 1442-3871 . 978-1-925286-54-0.
  2. Goot . Murray . Support in the polls for an Indigenous constitutional Voice: How broad, how strong, how vulnerable? . Journal of Australian Studies . 23 February 2023 . 47 . 2 . 373–397 . 10.1080/14443058.2023.2175892 . . 257181010 . 1444-3058.
  3. Web site: National results . Australian Electoral Commission . 18 January 2024.
  4. News: Morse . Dana . 2023-10-14 . Australians have rejected the Voice to Parliament. What happens now? . en-AU . ABC News . 2023-10-15.
  5. Web site: Support for Voice to Parliament . Essential . 18 January 2024.
  6. News: Benson . Simon . Voice referendum Newspoll: Late swing for Yes campaign but nation poised to say No . 13 October 2023 . The Australian . 13 October 2023 . https://archive.today/20231013103320/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/indigenous/voice-referendum-newspoll-late-swing-for-yes-campaign-but-nation-poised-to-say-no/news-story/7096dcf9234291d496ba016ccaa5142c?amp&nk=c1f445fa0f2e922892e5b6ff86e641ea-1697193208 . 13 October 2023.
  7. News: Referendum on 'The Voice' set to be defeated with a majority of Australians (and a majority of States) set to vote against the proposal . 12 October 2023 . Roy Morgan . 12 October 2023.
  8. News: Final YouGov Voice referendum poll: No increases lead to 18 points . 12 October 2023 . YouGov . 12 October 2023.
  9. News: Coorey . Phillip . Yes vote in need of a miracle, poll shows . 13 October 2023 . Australian Financial Review . 13 October 2023.
  10. Web site: Voice to Parliament research - What drove the No victory? . DemosAU . 18 January 2024.
  11. News: Jolly . Nathan . Undecided Voice voters the big hope for Yes campaign: Pollinate . 10 October 2023 . Mumbrella . 10 October 2023.
  12. News: Benson . Simon . Labor's stocks fall as support for the Indigenous voice hits new low . 8 October 2023 . The Australian . 8 October 2023 . https://archive.today/20230924115845/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/politics/no-vote-gains-more-ground-amid-a-loss-of-support-for-peter-dutton/news-story/e2e7eebb8ab6c36a45490e558174e727?amp&nk=ed296665681935ecbc5eebb0b5bc7b6f-1695556735 . 24 September 2023.
  13. News: Crowe . David . Confusion over the Voice keeps the No vote in front – despite a late gain for Yes . 8 October 2023 . The Sydney Morning Herald . 8 October 2023.
  14. News: 2023 referendum timetable . 4 October 2023 . Australian Electoral Commission.
  15. News: Kanagasooriam . James . Bi_Focal #9: Australia & the Voice referendum: The noes have it . 12 October 2023 . Focaldata . 11 October 2023.
  16. News: Murphy . Katherine . Guardian Essential poll: yes vote gains ground but no still ahead on Indigenous voice . 3 October 2023 . The Guardian . 3 October 2023.
  17. News: Support for 'No' case now at 46% well ahead of 'Yes' case on 37% as early referendum voting starts . 6 October 2023 . Roy Morgan . 5 October 2023.
  18. News: Giannini . Dominic . Wong . Kat . 'Yes' vote up for first time in months, but 'No' leads . 4 October 2023 . Australian Associated Press . 4 October 2023.
  19. News: Coorey . Phillip . Voice support falls as frustration and familiarity rise . 24 September 2023 . The Australian Financial Review . 24 September 2023 . https://archive.today/20230924192411/https://www.afr.com/politics/federal/voice-support-falls-as-frustration-and-familiarity-rise-20230924-p5e73t. 24 September 2023.
  20. News: Roy Morgan predicts 'No' will win 'The Voice' referendum . 3 October 2023 . Roy Morgan . 26 September 2023.
  21. News: Benson . Simon. No vote gains more ground amid a loss of support for Peter Dutton . 24 September 2023 . The Australian . 24 September 2023 . https://archive.today/20230924115845/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/politics/no-vote-gains-more-ground-amid-a-loss-of-support-for-peter-dutton/news-story/e2e7eebb8ab6c36a45490e558174e727?amp&nk=ed296665681935ecbc5eebb0b5bc7b6f-1695556735. 24 September 2023.
  22. Web site: Newspoll (25 September 2023) . Pyxis.
  23. News: Armstrong . Clare . Australians uninterested in Voice and its outcomes, as Yes and No campaigners make final pitch to voters . 13 October 2023 . Herald Sun . 13 October 2023 . https://archive.today/20231012224004/https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/australians-uninterested-in-voice-and-its-outcomes-as-yes-and-no-campaigners-make-final-pitch-to-voters/news-story/58e55d5e8bc59f107d74472a4ca65ebe?amp&nk=7f59771bae03034dce7114650937ae43-1697150412 . 12 October 2023.
  24. Web site: RedBridge poll finds voters don't think Voice to Parliament is a top-5 priority . The Daily Telegraph.
  25. Web site: Redbridge (25 September 2023) . Redbridge.
  26. News: Pollinate study: "You're The Voice" Yes ad campaign hitting the wrong notes . 29 September 2023 . B&T . 21 September 2023.
  27. Web site: 2023-09-27 . Voice Referendum: Poll Shows Risk-Averse Voters Swing Result . 2023-09-28 . demosau.com . en-US.
  28. News: Murphy . Katherine . Guardian Essential poll: Indigenous voice no voters in majority for first time, survey shows . 19 September 2023 . The Guardian . 19 September 2023.
  29. News: Crowe . David . Voters continue to turn against the Voice – and Albanese along with it . 11 September 2023 . The Sydney Morning Herald . 11 September 2023.
  30. News: Campbell . James. RedBridge poll: Support for Voice to Parliament dropped 5pc in a month . 9 September 2023 . The Daily Telegraph . 9 September 2023 . https://archive.today/20230908214430/https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/redbridge-poll-support-for-voice-to-parliament-dropped-5pc-in-a-month/news-story/6a1caa935c199f6c24317f8ae4a09fe7?amp&nk=b93e3e164529e89b6eac5ebe7c6768dc-1694209478 . 8 September 2023.
  31. News: Briggs . Casey. The latest poll for the Voice to Parliament shows Yes trailing No by greatest margin yet . 9 September 2023 . ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) . 9 September 2023.
  32. Web site: 05 September 2023 . 2023-09-04 . essentialreport.com.au . en.
  33. News: Benson . Simon . No vote for Voice tips over 50 per cent as Coalition leaps ahead of Labor on primary vote . 3 September 2023 . The Australian . 3 September 2023.
  34. News: Worthington . Brett . Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice to Parliament referendum set for October 14 . 30 August 2023 . ABC News . 30 August 2023.
  35. News: Chambers . Geoff . Lewis . Rosie . No-go zone for Indigenous voice to parliament voters: apathy the real enemy . 30 August 2023 . The Australian . 29 August 2023 . https://archive.today/20230830005515/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/politics/nogo-zone-for-indigenous-voice-to-parliament-voters-apathy-the-real-enemy/news-story/4319270c3cde2d180cf761d8c7424a1e?amp=&nk=9522d7f09d0aab9579b719d68fae4444-1693356928 . 30 August 2023.
  36. News: Pollinate research reveals seven in 10 Australians think the Voice referendum will fail . 30 August 2023 . Mediaweek . 30 August 2023.
  37. News: Crowe . David . Albanese pays price as Voice support slips again . 15 August 2023 . The Age . 15 August 2023.
  38. News: Karp . Paul . No vote overtakes yes in all states except Victoria, Guardian Essential poll shows . 7 August 2023 . The Guardian . 7 August 2023.
  39. Web site: O'Donnell . James . Mapping Social Cohesion 2023 . Scanlon Institute . 18 January 2024 . 18.
  40. News: Campbell . James . McSweeney . Jessica . 6 August 2023 . RedBridge poll finds majority intend to vote No to Indigenous Voice To Parliament . The Daily Telegraph . 6 August 2023.
  41. News: Massola . James . 22 July 2023 . NSW slip into No camp puts Voice on track for defeat . The Sydney Morning Herald . live . 21 July 2023 . https://archive.today/20230722015727/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/nsw-slip-into-no-camp-puts-voice-on-track-for-defeat-20230720-p5dpxs.html . 2023-07-22.
  42. News: Benson . Simon . Women, regions rebel over Voice: Newspoll . 17 July 2023 . The Australian . 17 July 2023.
  43. News: Coorey . Phillip . One third of voters undecided or open to change: Voice poll . 27 July 2023 . The Australian Financial Review . 27 July 2023.
  44. News: Karp . Paul . Guardian Essential poll: support drops for Indigenous voice but more Australians still in favour than against . 10 July 2023 . The Guardian . 10 July 2023.
  45. Web site: Polling: The Voice . The Australia Institute . 9 July 2023 . 9 July 2023.
  46. News: Stolper . David . Vercoe . Sue . SEC Newgate Mood of the Nation – June 2023 . 10 July 2023 . SEC Newgate.
  47. News: Voice to Parliament Update . 11 July 2023 . Essential Research.
  48. Web site: Albanese at record low approval ratings as No vote overtakes Yes for first time on voice: Newspoll . The Australian.
  49. Web site: corporateName=Commonwealth Parliament; address=Parliament House . Canberra . Constitution Alteration (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice) 2023 . 2023-06-19 . www.aph.gov.au . en-AU.
  50. Web site: Political Insights: Support for Voice to Parliament . Essential . 13 June 2023.
  51. News: Butler . Josh . Karp . Paul . Australians' support for Indigenous voice steady with 60% in favour, Essential poll finds . 13 June 2023 . The Guardian . 13 June 2023.
  52. Web site: Crowe . David . 2023-06-12 . 'A tipping point': Support for Voice falls below a majority . 2023-06-12 . . Nine Entertainment.
  53. Web site: The YES case has work to do to bring double majority back within reach . 23 June 2023 . JWS Research . 24 June 2023.
  54. Web site: Benson . Simon . 2023-06-04 . Less than half intend to vote 'yes' to voice enshrined in Constitution . https://archive.today/20230604134146/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/newspoll-less-than-half-intend-to-vote-yes-to-voice-enshrined-in-constitution/news-story/c6639a09298c4a3c5c3b8650f1688df6?amp=&nk=890c216cb6b610f7d0b7cf85bb120f23-1685886124 . 2023-06-04 . 2023-06-04 . . News Corp Australia.
  55. Web site: Support for 'The Voice' unchanged at 46% in late May. Roy Morgan. 30 May 2023. 30 May 2023. 30 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230530051323/https://www.roymorgan.com/findings/support-for-the-voice-unchanged-at-46-in-late-may. live.
  56. News: Blackburn . Taylor . 2.3 million Aussies unaware of Indigenous Voice To Parliament . 15 June 2023 . . 26 May 2023.
  57. News: McIlroy . Tom . Public support shifting away from the Voice: poll . 20 May 2023 . Australian Financial Review . 19 May 2023 . 20 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230520024813/https://www.afr.com/politics/federal/public-support-shifting-away-from-the-voice-poll-20230519-p5d9nv . live .
  58. Web site: The Essential Report: 16 May 2023 . 16 May 2023 . 16 May 2023 . Essential . 16 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230516141651/https://essentialreport.com.au/reports/16-may-2023 . live .
  59. News: Guardian Essential poll: Labor maintains large lead over Coalition despite budget failing to impress voters . The Guardian . 15 May 2023 . 16 May 2023 . 16 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230516062434/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/may/16/guardian-essential-poll-labor-maintains-large-lead-over-coalition-despite-budget-failing-to-impress-voters . live . Karp . Paul .
  60. News: Crowe . David . Voice support slides again as debate rages over model . 17 May 2023 . The Sydney Morning Herald . Nine Entertainment . 17 May 2023 . 17 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230517004657/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/voice-support-slides-again-as-debate-rages-over-model-20230516-p5d8t1.html . live .
  61. Web site: Finlayson . Nonie . 2023 Ipsos Indigenous Issues . Ipsos . 11 August 2023 . 7 . 10 August 2023.
  62. News: Support for 'The Voice' drops to 46% of Australians – down 7% points since December 2022 as Liberals vow to oppose . 21 April 2023 . Roy Morgan . 21 April 2023 . 21 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230421014732/https://www.roymorgan.com/findings/support-for-the-voice-drops-to-46-of-australians-down-7-points-since-december-2022-as-liberals-vow-to-oppose . live .
  63. News: Stolper . David . Vercoe . Sue . SEC Newgate Mood of the Nation - April 2023 . 29 April 2023 . SEC Newgate . 27 April 2023 . 29 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230429034301/https://www.secnewgate.com.au/sec-newgate-mood-of-the-nation-april-2023/ . live .
  64. News: Chambers . Geoff . Taylor . Paige . Yes campaign advertising blitz as voice support softens . 28 April 2023 . The Australian . News Corp Australia . 26 April 2023.
  65. Web site: 18 April 2023 . 2023-04-18 . essentialreport.com.au . en . 18 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418030253/https://essentialreport.com.au/reports/18-april-2023 . live .
  66. Web site: Crowe . David . 2023-04-17 . One in 10 say they're unlikely to vote in Voice referendum: RPM poll . 2023-04-17 . The Sydney Morning Herald . en . 17 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230417083412/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/one-in-10-say-they-re-unlikely-to-vote-in-voice-referendum-rpm-poll-20230417-p5d11c.html . live .
  67. News: Exclusive: Freshwater Strategy polling on 'The Voice' for Sky News . 21 April 2023 . Freshwater Strategy . 18 April 2023 . 21 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230421063444/https://freshwaterstrategy.com/2023/04/18/exclusive-freshwater-strategy-polling-on-the-voice-for-sky-news/ . live .
  68. News: Markson . Sharri . 18 April 2023 . 'Big trouble': Support for the Voice is 'dropping' . Sky News . 21 April 2023 . 21 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230421061210/https://www.skynews.com.au/opinion/sharri-markson/big-trouble-support-for-the-voice-is-dropping/video/77c246d0c69a621b414a596d95f2b10b . live .
  69. News: Hitch . Georgia . Liberal Party confirms it will oppose the Indigenous Voice to Parliament . ABC News . 5 April 2023 . 16 April 2023 . 15 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230415165437/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-05/liberal-party-oppose-voice-to-parliament/102188290 . live .
  70. News: Benson . Simon . Five states raise voice to back recognition . 14 April 2023 . The Australian . News Corp Australia . 4 April 2023 . 14 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230414055307/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/five-states-raise-voice-to-back-indigenous-recognition-newspoll/news-story/027f9c23aaa6aa4bd0e61965eab65688 . live .
  71. News: Galloway . Anthony . Yes vote for the Voice is leading in every state and territory: Poll . 30 April 2023 . The Sydney Morning Herald . Nine Entertainment . 30 April 2023 . 30 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230430015257/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/yes-vote-for-the-voice-is-leading-in-every-state-and-territory-poll-20230429-p5d482.html . live .
  72. News: Karp . Paul . Guardian Essential poll: support for Aukus and Indigenous voice declines . 21 March 2023 . The Guardian . 21 March 2023 . 20 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230320230426/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/mar/21/guardian-essential-poll-support-for-aukus-and-indigenous-voice-declines . live .
  73. Web site: The Essential Report: 21 March 2023 . Essential Research . 21 March 2023 . 21 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230321033430/https://essentialreport.com.au/reports/21-march-2023 . live .
  74. Web site: Voice majority holding steady but support drops in WA, Queensland . 24 March 2023 . 31 March 2023 . 31 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230331041310/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/voice-majority-holding-steady-but-support-drops-in-wa-queensland-20230324-p5cuyu.html . live .
  75. Web site: New poll reveals support for the Voice is slipping . 6 March 2023 . 30 March 2023 . 6 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230406103449/https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/new-poll-shows-support-for-voice-to-parliament-slipping-as-labor-and-the-coaltion-standoff-over-campaign-funding/news-story/3e8dee2e27687fdf5c4feb3499c19217 . live .
  76. News: Indigenous Voice to Parliament Poll . 18 April 2023 . JWS Research . 10 March 2023 . 11 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230411030625/https://www.jwsresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/JWS-Research-True-Issues-30-March-2023-Indigenous-Voice-to-Parliament.pdf . live .
  77. News: Support for Voice slips as voters await more detail. Brisbane Times. 30 March 2023. 20 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230320151922/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/politics/federal/support-for-indigenous-voice-falls-voters-call-for-more-detail-poll-20230222-p5cmh6.html. live.
  78. News: Beaumont . Adrian . Labor's lead reduced in a NSW Newspoll four weeks before election; Voice support steady . 24 May 2023 . The Conversation . 27 February 2023 . 24 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230524032238/https://theconversation.com/labors-lead-reduced-in-a-nsw-newspoll-four-weeks-before-election-voice-support-steady-200451 . live .
  79. Web site: Stolper . David . Vercoe . Sue . Mood of the Nation - February 2023 . 14 February 2023 . SEC Newgate . 13 April 2023 . 24 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230324032335/https://www.secnewgate.com.au/sec-newgate-mood-of-the-nation-february-2023/ . live .
  80. Web site: Methodology Disclosure Statement . SEC Newgate . 22 April 2023 . 22 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230422163448/https://www.secnewgate.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/NGR-2203003-MOTN-Methodology-Disclosure-Statement-February-v2-2.pdf . live .
  81. Web site: The Essential Report: 07 February 2023 . Essential . 23 April 2023 . 24 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230324030617/https://essentialreport.com.au/reports/07-february-2023 . live .
  82. News: Benson . Simon . Ison . Sarah . Quiet majority supports voice: Newspoll . 23 April 2023 . The Australian . News Corp Australia . 5 February 2023 . 23 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230423135619/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/politics/indigenous-voice-earns-support-of-quiet-majority-newspoll/news-story/112730f98673caf6b106ac3b52da70a2 . live .
  83. News: Public Polling Methodology Statement: Newspoll . 28 April 2023 . YouGov . 6 February 2023 . 28 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230428130320/https://commercial.yougov.com/rs/464-VHH-988/images/yougov-au-230201-Public-Polling-Methodology-Statement-feb-23.pdf . live .
  84. Web site: Support for Voice slips as voters await more detail. David. Crowe. 23 January 2023. The Age. 30 March 2023. 27 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230127053502/https://www.theage.com.au/politics/federal/support-for-voice-slips-as-voters-await-more-detail-20230123-p5cenw.html. live.
  85. Web site: AFR / Freshwater Strategy polling on 'The Voice' . 20 December 2022 . Freshwater Strategy . 13 April 2023 . 13 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230413134329/https://freshwaterstrategy.com/2022/12/20/afr-freshwater-strategy-polling-on-the-voice/ . live .
  86. Web site: 53% of Australians would vote "Yes" to establish an 'Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice to Parliament' . 20 December 2022 . Roy Morgan . 30 March 2023 . 21 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230221120148/https://www.roymorgan.com/findings/53-of-australians-would-vote-yes-to-establish-an-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-voice-to-parliament . live .
  87. Web site: The Essential Report: 13 December 2022 . Essential . 30 March 2023 . 24 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230324023945/https://essentialreport.com.au/reports/13-december-2022 . live .
  88. News: Begg . Morgan . IPA poll: Australians do not believe it is racist to oppose the Voice to Parliament . 17 May 2023 . Institute for Public Affairs . 16 December 2022 . 17 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230517025035/https://ipa.org.au/research/australian-way-of-life/ipa-poll-australians-do-not-believe-it-is-racist-to-oppose-the-voice-to-parliament . live .
  89. News: Butler . Josh . 2022-11-28 . National party won't support Indigenous voice to parliament, saying it won't close the gap . en-GB . The Guardian . 2023-05-10 . 0261-3077 . 10 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230510164316/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/nov/28/national-party-wont-support-indigenous-voice-to-parliament-saying-it-wont-close-the-gap . live .
  90. Web site: Voters back the Voice – but there's doubt over what they're backing. Sydney Morning Herald. 26 September 2022. 30 March 2023. 8 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230608021235/http://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/voters-back-the-voice-but-there-s-doubt-over-what-they-re-backing-20220923-p5bklx.html. live.
  91. News: Indigenous Voice to Parliament Poll . 18 April 2023 . JWS Research . 22 August 2022 . 13 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230413134328/https://www.jwsresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/JWS-Research-True-Issues-28-August-2022-Indigenous-Voice-to-Parliament.pdf . live .
  92. Web site: The Essential Report: 09 August 2022 . Essential . 9 August 2022 . 30 March 2023 . 24 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230324031115/https://essentialreport.com.au/reports/09-august-2022 . live .
  93. News: Allam . Lorena . Anthony Albanese reveals 'simple and clear' wording of referendum question on Indigenous voice . 10 May 2023 . The Guardian . 30 July 2022 . 10 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230510015919/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/jul/29/anthony-albanese-reveals-simple-and-clear-wording-of-referendum-question-on-indigenous-voice . live .
  94. Web site: Polling – Voice to Parliament in the Constitution. Australia Institute. 31 July 2022. 30 March 2023. 7 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230507163603/https://australiainstitute.org.au/report/polling-voice-to-parliament-in-the-constitution/. live.
  95. Web site: The Essential Report: 31 May 2022 . Essential . 31 May 2022 . 13 April 2023 . 13 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230413151057/https://essentialreport.com.au/reports/31-may-2022 . live .
  96. News: Brennan . Bridget . Debate over Indigenous Voice to Parliament may define Anthony Albanese's government . 10 May 2023 . ABC News . 22 May 2022 . 10 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230510063940/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-05-22/indigenous-voice-to-parliament-may-define-albanese-government/101089742 . live .
  97. News: Chrysanthos . Natassia . 'Time is now': Australia-wide campaign to call for referendum on Indigenous Voice . 29 April 2023 . The Sydney Morning Herald . Nine Entertainment . 2 May 2022 . 29 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230429055208/https://www.smh.com.au/national/time-is-now-australia-wide-campaign-to-call-for-referendum-on-indigenous-voice-20220429-p5ah76.html . live .
  98. Web site: Support and priority of Indigenous Issues. Essential. 6 July 2021. 7 May 2023. 13 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221113165831/https://essentialvision.com.au/support-and-priority-of-indigenous-issues. live.
  99. News: Deem . Jacob . Brown . A J . Bird . Susan . Most Australians support First Nations Voice to parliament: survey . 13 April 2023 . The Conversation . 9 April 2021 . 13 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230413143150/https://theconversation.com/most-australians-support-first-nations-voice-to-parliament-survey-157964 . live .
  100. Web site: Australian Constitutional Values Survey 2021: Results Release 1 . CQUniversity . 13 April 2023 . 13 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230413143151/https://www.cqu.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/190092/australian-constitutional-values-survey-2021.pdf . live .
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  118. News: Ludlow . Mark . City-country divide in Queensland could silence the Voice . 7 July 2023 . The Australian Financial Review . 6 July 2023.
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  137. News: Campbell . James . First Nations voters divided on Voice too . 8 October 2023 . The Daily Telegraph . 8 October 2023 . https://archive.today/20231008015026/https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/first-nations-voters-divided-on-voice-too/news-story/173c67059760d59275687dab24176b4d?amp&nk=d9a74f88538f5d498828dedab7083f42-1696729836 . 8 October 2023.
  138. News: Crowe . David . Indigenous support for Voice falls, but keeps majority . 11 October 2023 . The Sydney Morning Herald . 11 October 2023.
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  140. News: Abbott . Tony . The Constitution is too important to change because of the vibe . 8 October 2023 . The Sydney Morning Herald . 30 August 2023.
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  142. News: Barlow . Karen . Survey shows Indigenous Voice to Parliament support tumbles to lower levels in regions . 12 September 2023 . The Canberra Times . 12 September 2023.
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