Operational Medal for Southern Africa explained

Operational Medal for Southern Africa
Presenter:	the President
Country:	South Africa
Type:	Military campaign medal
Eligibility:	Umkhonto we Sizwe and Azanian People's Liberation Army cadres
Awarded For:	Operational service outside South Africa
Campaign:	The "struggle"
Status:	Discontinued in 2003
Established:	1998
Precedence Label:	APLA and MK 1996 & SANDF post-2002 orders of wear
Higher:	Merit Medal in Bronze Bronze Medal for Merit General Service Medal
Lower:	South Africa Service Medal South Africa Service Medal

The Operational Medal for Southern Africa was instituted by the President of the Republic of South Africa in 1998. It was awarded to veteran cadres of Umkhonto we Sizwe and the Azanian People's Liberation Army for operational service outside South Africa during the "struggle".^[1]

MK and APLA

Umkhonto we Sizwe, abbreviated as MK, "Spear of the Nation" in Zulu, was the para-military wing of the African National Congress (ANC), while the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) was the para-military wing of the Pan Africanist Congress. Both were established in 1961 to wage an armed "struggle" against the Nationalist government inside South Africa. On 27 April 1994, Umkhonto we Sizwe and the Azanian People's Liberation Army were amalgamated with five statutory defence forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]}

Institution

The Operational Medal for Southern Africa was instituted by the President of South Africa in 1998.^[1]

Award criteria

The medal could be awarded to veteran cadres of Umkhonto we Sizwe and the Azanian People's Liberation Army for operational service outside South Africa during the "struggle".^[1]

Order of wear

The position of the Operational Medal for Southern Africa in the official military and national orders of precedence was revised upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003, but it remained unchanged.^{[6] [7]}

Umkhonto we Sizwe:

• Official MK order of precedence:
  • Preceded by the Merit Medal in Bronze (MMB).
  • Succeeded by the South Africa Service Medal.^[6]

Azanian People's Liberation Army:

• Official APLA order of precedence:
  • Preceded by the Bronze Medal for Merit (BMM).
  • Succeeded by the South Africa Service Medal.^[6]

South African National Defence Force until 26 April 2003:

• Official SANDF order of precedence:
  • Preceded by the General Service Medal of the Republic of Bophuthatswana.
  • Succeeded by the South Africa Service Medal of Umkhonto we Sizwe and the Azanian People's Liberation Army.^[6]
• Official national order of precedence:
  • Preceded by the General Service Medal of the Republic of Bophuthatswana.
  • Succeeded by the South Africa Service Medal of Umkhonto we Sizwe and the Azanian People's Liberation Army.^[6]

Description

ObverseThe Operational Medal for Southern Africa is a medallion struck in nickel-silver, 38 millimetres in diameter with a raised rim, and depicts a baobab tree inside a hexagonal frame of chain.^{[1] [8] [9]}

ReverseThe reverse has a wide raised rim and displays the embellished pre-1994 South African Coat of Arms.^[9]

RibbonThe ribbon is 32 millimetres wide, with a 4 millimetres wide red band, an 8 millimetres wide green band and a 1 millimetre wide white band, repeated in reverse order and separated by a 6 millimetres wide black band in the centre.^{[1] [8]}

Discontinuation

Conferment of the Operational Medal for Southern Africa was discontinued upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003.^[7]

Notes and References

1. http://www.geocities.ws/militaf/lib.htm South African Medal Website - Liberation armies
2. Web site: Manifesto of Umkhonto we Sizwe. African National Congress. 16 December 1961. 2006-12-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20061217090228/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/manifesto-mk.html . 17 December 2006.
3. http://sabctrc.saha.org.za/reports/volume2/chapter7/subsection36.htm TRC Final Report: Pan African Congress
4. http://sabctrc.saha.org.za/originals/finalreport/volume6/html/BMvolume6_s5ch5.htm TRC Final Report, 6:5:5
5. Warrant of the President of the Republic of South Africa for the Institution of the "UNITAS MEDAL-UNITAS-MEDALJE", Gazette no. 16087 dated 25 November 1994.
6. Republic of South Africa Government Gazette Vol. 477, no. 27376, Pretoria, 11 March 2005,
7. Presidential Warrant by the President of the Republic of South Africa for the Institution of Honours for Bravery in the South African National Defence Force, Gazette no. 25213 dated 25 July 2003.
8. http://www.army.mil.za/aboutus/uniform/formerforcesmedals/mk.htm Uniform: SA Army: Former Forces Medals - Umkhonto Wesizwe (MK)
9. http://www.bidorbuy.co.za/item/150552512/MINIATURE_APLA_MK_OPERATIONAL_MEDAL_FOR_SOUTHERN_AFRICA_SOLD_WITHOUT_RIBBON.html Miniature APLA MK Operational Medal for Southern Africa sold without ribbon