Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir explained

See also: Indian Armed Forces in Jammu and Kashmir.

Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir include security operations such as Operation Rakshak, which began in 1990, Operation Sarp Vinash in 2003 and Operation Randori Behak in 2020.[1] [2] Other operations include humanitarian missions such as Operation Megh Rahat and operations with a social aim such as Operation Goodwill and Operation Calm Down.[3] [4] The Indian Army works in tandem with the other arms of the Indian Armed Forces and security forces in Jammu and Kashmir such as during Mission Sahayata or joint operations.

Security Impact

Operation Rakshak

Operation Rakshak is an ongoing counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism operation started during the height of insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir in June 1990. The operation adapted itself from being merely a "show of strength" in 1990 to encompassing more areas in 1991 such as orders "not to enter the houses of civilians", "not to smoke in religious places" and "not to damage standing crops".[5] 753 Indian army personnel died during Operation Rakshak between 2007 and 2015.[6]

Major Mohit Sharma, who was killed while performing duties under Operation Rakshak, was posthumously awarded India's highest peacetime gallantry award ‘Ashok Chakra’ on 15 August 2009.[7] Corporal Jyoti Prakash Nirala was also killed during Operation Rakshak 18 November 2017, and was posthumously awarded the Ashok Chakra on 25 January 2018.[8] The Operation Rakshak Memorial is located in Badami Bagh Cantonment, Srinagar.[9]

Operation All Out

Conflict:Operation All Out in Jammu & Kashmir[10]
Date:26 December 2014 – present
Place:Jammu & Kashmir
Result:Ongoing
Combatant1: India
Combatant2:

Supported by:

----

Supported by:

----

Commander1: Droupadi Murmu
(President)
Narendra Modi
(Prime Minister)
Amit Shah
(Minister of Home Affairs)
Subrahmanyam Jaishankar
(Ministry of External Affairs)
Dr.Sujoy Lal Thaosen
(Director General)
Anil Chauhan
(Chief of Defence Staff)
Manoj Pande
(Chief of the Army Staff)
Vivek Ram Chaudhari
(Chief of the Air Staff)
Rajnath Singh
(Minister of Defence)
Giridhar Aramane
(Defence Secretary)
Commander2: Syed Ali Shah Geelani (until 2020)
Masarat Alam Bhat (Present 2021)[30]
Mohammad Abbas Ansari
Amanullah Khan
Hafiz Saeed
Maulana Azhar
Ilyas Kashmiri
Zakir Rashid Bhat
Sayeed Salahudeen
Burhan Wani
Asiya Andrabi
Fazlur Rehman Khalil
Farooq Kashmiri
Arfeen Bhai
Bakht Zameen
Yasir Ahmed ---- Islamic State-aligned Dawood Ahmed Sofi
Strength1:

[34]
(Nov 2019, including soldier posted at international border (LoC))

Strength2:Unknown
Casualties1:26 killed (2015)
55 killed (2016)[35]
78 killed (2017)[36] 41 killed (2018)
78 killed (2019)
Casualties2:108 militants killed, 67 arrested (2015)
150 militants killed, 79 arrested (2016)
213 militants killed, 97 arrested (2017)
257 militants killed, 12 arrested (2018)
163 militants killed, 10 arrested (2019)[37]

Operation All Out (OAO) a joint offensive launched by Indian security forces in 2017 to flush out militants and terrorists in Kashmir until there is complete peace in the state. Operation All-Out includes the Indian Army, CRPF, Jammu and Kashmir Police, BSF and IB. It was launched against numerous militant groups including Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed, Hizbul Mujahideen and Al-Badr.[38] [39] [40]

The operation was initiated with the consent of Ministry for Home Affairs Government of India following the unrest in 2016 due to the death of Burhan Wani and subsequent militant and terrorist attacks in the region such as the Amarnath Yatra terror attack on 10 July 2017 in which 08 Hindu pilgrims were killed and at least 18 others injured.[41]

On 14 January 2019, the Jammu and Kashmir Governor, Satya Pal Malik, said that there was no such thing as Operation All Out and that the phrase was a misnomer:[42] [43]

Operation Calm Down

Operation Calm Down was started by the Indian army in Jammu and Kashmir following the aftermath of the death of Burhan Wani in July 2016 which had led to unrest in Kashmir in which more than 90 civilians and 2 security personnel were killed and thousands injured.[4] It was started in September 2016. Over 4000 additional troops were deployed as part of Operation Calm Down to bring back order to the region, but direct instructions were given to the troops to use minimal force. The troops were mainly deployed in South Kashmir.[44] [45] [46] Schools, shops and connectivity to some regions in Kashmir had been lost for over three months due to the unrest and militancy and Operation Calm Down aimed to undo this.[47]

Operation Sarp Vinash

Operation Sarp Vinash (Snake Destroyer) was an operation undertaken by Indian army to flush out terrorists who made bases in the Hilkaka Poonch-Surankot area of the Pir Panjal range in Jammu and Kashmir during April–May 2003.[48] 64 terrorists belonging to various jihadist outfits were killed in operation.[49] [50] The system of hideouts used by the terrorists found during this operation was the largest ever in the known history of insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir.[51] [52]

Over several years, terrorists of groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), Harkat-ul-Jihad-e-Islami, al-Badr and Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) had been building up safe houses and bunkers in strategic areas of the region of Pir Panjal in Poonch measuring 150 sq kilometers.[53]

The network of bunkers and shelters around the region known as Hill Kaka in Surankote numbered nearly over a hundred, and were intermingled with shelters used by local herdsmen. 9 Para-SF were called to capture Peak 3689 in Hill Kaka after surveillance picked up footprints converging at one location. In this operation, 13 terrorists were killed, the single largest number during Op. Sarp Vinash. 6 Rashtriya Rifles, 163th Brigade, 100th Brigade and the 15th Corps were also called in for operations.[54] From diaries captured from killed terrorists, the presence of a rudimentary counter-intelligence system of the terrorist organisations was revealed, which involved killing women and children who had given up information to Indian security forces. An extensive communications system using portable satellite phones was also found which allowed the terrorists to contact handlers in Pakistan and India.[55] Paratrooper Sanjog Chhetri, 9 Para (SF), was awarded an Ashoka Chakra in 2004 posthumously for his role in the Operation Sarp Vinash in which he succumbed.[56] During Operation Sarp Vinash, media claims of different Indian media houses about what actually happened during the operation were hyped and very contradictory.[57]

Operation Madad (Goodwill)

Operation Madad, also referred to as Operation Goodwill, was launched in Jammu and Kashmir by the Indian Army under their Military Civic Action programmes aimed at "Winning the Hearts and Minds" (WHAM) of the people in the region. Madad literally means 'harmony', therefore the operation can also be translated as Operation Harmony. The catchphrase of the operation is "Jawan aur Awam, Aman Hai Muqaam" (peace is the destination for both the people and the soldier).[58] [59] [60]

Welfare initiatives under Operation Sadbhavana include infrastructure development, medical care, women and youth empowerment, educational tours and sports tournaments among other initiatives. Over 450 crore rupees (70 million US$) has been directly spent on this programme and more funding provided through donors.[3] The projects are planned according to the needs and desires of the local population and are handed over to the state government after successful initiation. 'Operation Sadbhavana' is a resolve by the Indian army to come closer to the population in Jammu and Kashmir and develop mutual faith and trust which the army gets across the rest of India.[61] [62]

Background

Operation Sadbhavana was officially launched in 1998, especially in rural areas near the Line of Control (LOC) where insurgency and militancy had caused destruction to property and a sense of alienation among the people of Jammu and Kashmir from the rest of India.

Initiatives

Kashmir Super-30 & Super-40

In 2013, the Indian Army teamed up with the New Delhi-based NGO, Centre for Social Responsibility and Leadership (CSRL), to launch the Super-30 initiative along the lines of the highly acclaimed and successful Super-30 concept started by Abhayanand in Bihar. Over time the initiative included more students and was subsequently called the Army Super-40, and soon will become the Army Super-50. Nine students of the 2016-17 Army Super-40 batch cleared the difficult IIT-JEE advanced examination. Various Indian organizations have provided funding for this project including Power Grid India contributing for the first batch, the Rural Electrification Council (REC) contributing for the second batch and the TATA Relief Committee funding the third batch.[63] [64] [65]

Schools

The Indian Army has established 53 English medium Army Goodwill Schools in places in Jammu and Kashmir such as Rajouri, Poonch, Boniyar, Uri (Baramulla), Khanabal (Anantnag), Karu (Leh), Kargil and Chandigam (Kupwara). Assistance has also been provided to approximately 2700 public schools. These army schools are known to provide undisturbed and good quality education even during times of unrest.[66] Army Goodwill Schools operating under the shelter of Operation Sadbhavana are educating more than 10,000 students in the Kashmir Valley itself and over 14,000 students in Jammu and Kashmir.[67] [68]

Women Empowerment Centres

Here women are taught various skills, awareness is raised about health and birth control, information regarding banking and loan procedures is imparted, basic education is imparted including operating computers, fashion designing and craft related skills. Under this initiative centers such as the Women's Vocational Training Centre, Poonch, Usha Fashion Design School, Baramulla and Women Empowerment Centre, Baramulla have been set up.[69] Educational/Motivational ToursBetween 2012 and 2015, the Indian army conducted over 250 educational, national integration and capacity building tours (CBTs) and in each tour around 30 members are accommodated.[70] [71] The members of the tour get to visit places such as Punjab, Dehradun, Kerala, Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Gopalpur, Agra and New Delhi which each tour being unique in its own way.[72] The students also get to interact with students in India, administrative and government officials, which sometimes also includes the President and Prime Minister of India,[73] [74] [75] as well as other figures.[76] [77] For many of the Kashmiri children on tours, they get the opportunity for the first time to travel outside Kashmir.[78] [79]

Model Villages

Model Villages set up under Operation Sadbhavana include Chandigam Model Village, Lolab (Kupwara) and Sagra Model Village, Mendhar (Poonch).

Health Care

Medical Camps are conducted on a regular basis by the Indian army. A Military Hospital in Kargil has also been set up which also caters to civilians with various services being free of cost. The Pritam Spiritual Foundation (Poonch) under Operation Sadbhavana has provided artificial limbs free of cost to over 3100 people who have been victims of militancy, mine blasts or crossborder firing. Under operation Sadbhavana veterinary aid camps and free treatment to civil animals are also offered.[80]

Sports

The Indian army organises various sporting events in Jammu and Kashmir in coordination with local sports bodies. Some events that has been conducted under this initiative includes the Kashmir Premier League,[81] Baramulla Girls Badminton League, Baramulla Cricket Premier League, Kupwara Premier Football League, Gingle Volleyball League. As many thirty two teams participated in the cricket tournament even as sixteen teams participated in the football tournament.[82]

Operation Megh Rahat

See main article: Indian Armed Forces and the Jammu and Kashmir floods, 2014. In September 2014, Jammu and Kashmir witnessed severe flooding in many areas. The rainfall and flooding resulted in people dying on both sides of the border.[83] [84] The Indian Armed Forces were deployed to conduct search, rescue, relief (NDRF and other local bodies also coordinated efforts). Nearly 30,000 troops were deployed.[85] By mid-September, over 200,000 people were rescued by the Armed forces.[86] While the Army's Northern Command response was called Operation Megh Rahat, the Armed Forces assistance as a whole was called Mission Sahayata.[87] [88]

Militant fatalities since 1990

Encounters generally increase in the summer season when the snow melts on the high Himalayan peaks dividing Indian- and Pakistani-administered Kashmir, making it easier for trained militants to cross over into the Indian side.[89] The Indian Army changes its strategy in summer which included redeployment as per summer infiltration routes along the LoC.[90]

[91] [92] [93] [94]

Timeline

Summary

A tabular view of the number of militants killed!Year!2017!2018
January1213
February106
March923
April819
May1618
June2126
July2711
August2525
September1631
October1726
November1937
December12-

2017

A total of 213 militants were killed under the operation by the Indian security forces in 2017. The security forces were able to persuade 82 youth to abandon militancy and come back. 78 security personnel were also killed in militant related violence.[95] [96] [97]

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

2018

, a total of 222 militants and 41 security personnel have been killed in operations. A unilateral ceasefire was declared by the Indian Government from 14 May to 17 June where the security forces were asked not to launch new operations during Ramadan.[97] [194] [195]

Date! colspan="2"
Number of militants Militants affiliationNumber of security forces killedSecurity forces affiliationNumber ofcivilians killedAreaNotesReferences
KilledArrested
6 January--Jaish-e-Mohammed4Jammu and Kashmir Police-Sopore, Baramulla districtKilled in an IED blast[196]
8 January3----Patrigam, Budgam district[197]
9 January2-Hizbul Mujahideen--Kokernag, Anantnag district9 sympathizers arrested[198] [199]
15 January6-Jaish-e-Mohammed-Indian Army, CRPF, J&K Police-Uri sector, Baramulla districtKilled in an infiltration bid[200] [201]
24 January2-Hizbul Mujahideen-44 RR, 14 CRPF, J&K Police1Dairoo's Chaigund, Shopian district[202]
12 February2-Lashkar-e-Taiba123 CRPF-Karan Nagar, SrinagarAttack on a CRPF camp[203]
2---Harpora area, Shopian district[204]
26 February1-Hizbul Mujahideen--Tral, Pulwama district Attack on Tral police station[205]
27 February1-Lashkar-e-Taiba--Hajin, Bandipora district[206]
4 March1----Phoan, Shopian district3 accomplices also killed[207]
5 March1-Jaish-e-Mohammed-50 RR-Hatwar, Awantipora, Pulwama district[208]
11 March3Tehreek-ul-Mujahideen-Indian Army, CRPF, SOG-Hakru, Anantnag district[209] [210]
15 March2----Balhama, Pulwama district[211]
20 March4---Arampora, Kupwara district[212]
22 March5-Lashkar-e-Taiba 5Indian Army, TA, CRPF, J&K Police-Halmatpora, Kupwara district[213]
23 March2-Jaish-e-Mohammed-19 RR, CRPF, J&K Police-Dooru, Anantnag district[214] [215]
24 March1---Arizal village, Budgam district[216]
28 March4---Sunderbani, Rajouri district[217]
1 April5-Lashkar-e-Taiba,

Hizbul Mujahideen

33Kachdoora, Shopian districtIshfaq Malik and Rayees Thokar, responsible for the murder of Ummer Fayaz[218] [219] [220]
7--1Draggad village, Shopian district
11--Dialgam, Anantnag district
6 April1---Kangan village, Pulwama district[221]
-1Lashkar-e-Taiba-41 RR, 98 CRPF, J&K Police-Halmatpora, Kupwara district[222]
11 AprilLashkar-e-Taiba14Wani Mohalla, Khudwani KulgamMilitants escaped[223]
24 April4-Hizbul Mujahideen242 RR, CRPF, J&K Police-Tral, Pulwama district[224]
30 April2--44 RR, CRPF, J&K Police-Drabgam, Pulwama district[225]
5 May3-Lashkar-e-Taiba-CRPF, SOG-Chattabal, Srinagar district[226] [227]
6 May5-Hizbul Mujahideen-23 Para, 44 RR, 34 RR, 3 RR, CRPF, SOG-Badigam, Shopian district[228] [229] [230]
8 May-4----Sopore, Baramulla districtIn addition, 7 OGW's arrested[231]
19 May3-----Handwara, Kupwara district[232] [233]
26 May5---Indian Army-Tangdhar sector, Kupwara district [234] [235]
28 May---150 RR1Kakapora, Pulwama districtAttack on 50 RR camp[236] [237]
31 May2---32 RR-Handwara, Kupwara district[238] [239]
3 June1-----Keran sector, Kupwara district[240]
6 June3---Indian Army-Macchil sector, Kupwara district[241]
7 June---16 RR-Keran sector, Kupwara district[242]
10 June6---Indian Army-[243]
12 June---2J&K Police-Pulwama[244]
14 June2--14 RR, 22 RR, 52 RR, 18 RR, 28 RR, 27 RR,

31 RR, 3 Para

-Panar, Bandipora district[245]
18 June2----[246] [247]
20 June3-Jaish-e-Mohammed-RR, CRPF, SOG-Tral, Pulwama district[248]
22 June4-ISJK1RR, CRPF, SOG1Srigufwara, Anantnag district[249]
24 June21Lashkar-e-Taiba-RR, CRPF, SOG1Chadderbhan, Kulgam district[250]
29 June1---Indian Army-Trehgam, Kupwara district[251]
1---Indian Army1Chatapora, Pulwama district[252] [253] [254]
6 July---1J&K Police-Shopian district[255]
8 July1-----Handwara, Kupwara district[256]
10 July2-Jaish-e-Mohammed-RR, CRPF, SOG1Kundullan, Shopian district[257] [258]
11 July1--1Para SF-Menganwar, Kupwara district[259]
15 July1---Indian Army-Safawali Gali, Kupwara district[260]
---1J&K Police-Pulwama district[261]
21 July3--1Indian Army-Redwani, Kulgam district[262] [263]
24 July2-Lashkar-e-Taiba-Indian Army-Lal Chowk, Anantnag district[264]
26 July1---Indian Army-Sodul village, Handwara, Kupwara district[265]
2 August2-Hizbul Mujahideen-Indian Army-Kumrial, Kupwara district[266]
3 August2---Indian Army-Sopore, Baramulla district[267]
3 August5---Indian Army-Kiloora, Shopian district[268]
7 August2--4Indian Army-Gurez sector, Bandipora district[269]
8 August5---Para, RR, SOG-Rafiabad, Baramulla district[270] [271]
18 August3---Indian Army-Tangdhar sector, Kupwara district[272]
19 August1---Indian Army-Uri sector, Baramulla district[273]
23 August1-Jaish-e-Mohammed-Indian Army-Vailoo, Kokernag, Anantnag district[274]
28 August2-Hizbul Mujahideen-Indian Army-Khanabal, Anantnag district[275]
29 August--Jaish-e-Mohammed4J&K Police-Bongam, Shopian district[276] [277]
30 August2---Indian Army-Hajin, Bandipora district[278]
1 September3--1Indian Army-Danna, Bandipora district[279]
10 September2-Lashkar-e-Taiba-Indian Army-Handwara, Kupwara district
13 September2-Jaish-e-Mohammed-Indian Army-Chinkipora, Baramulla district[280]
3--Jhajjar-Kotli forest, Reasi district[281]
15 September5-Hizbul Mujahideen, Lashkar-e-Taiba-Indian Army-Chowgam, Kulgam district[282]
21 September5-Lashkar-e-Taiba-Indian Army-Sumblar, Bandipora district[283]
23 September1---Indian Army-Tral, Pulwama district[284]
24 September5--1Indian Army-Tangdhar sector, Kupwara district[285]
25 September2-Jaish-e-Mohammed-Indian Army-Tujjar, Sopore, Baramulla district
27 September1-Lashkar-e-Taiba1Indian Army-Gazigund, Anantnag district[286] [287]
2-Hizbul Mujahideen--Panzam, Budgam district
9 October-4Hizbul Mujahideen-J&K PolicePulwama district[288]
11 October2-Hizbul Mujahideen-Indian Army-Handwara, Kupwara district[289]
12 October11Hizbul Mujahideen-55 RR, CRPF, SOG-Babagund, Pulwama district[290]
17 October1-Tehreek-ul-Mujahideen-Indian Army-Dougam, Pulwama district[291]
18 October3---Indian Army-Uri sector, Baramulla district[292]
20 October3-Jaish-e-Mohammed-Indian Army3Laroo, Kulgam district[293] [294]
23 October2-Hizbul Mujahideen-55 RR, CRPF, SOG-Nowgam, Srinagar[295]
25 October2---Indian Army, SOG-Authoora, Baramulla district [296]
4---Indian Army, SOG-Bijbehara's Arwani, Anantnag district
2--1Indian Army-Sopore, Baramulla district[297]
30 October2-Jaish-e-Mohammed-Indian Army-Chaanketaar, Tral, Pulwama district[298]
31 October2---53 RR-Zagoo, Khansahib, udgam district[299]
1 November1---Indian Army-Handwara, Kupwara district[300]
2 November-1Al-Badr-J&K Police-Handwara, Kupwara district[301]
3 November2-Hizbul Mujahideen-Indian Army-Khudpora, Shopian district[302]
5 November2-Hizbul Mujahideen-Indian Army-Safanagri, Zainapora, Shopian district [303]
9 November2-Hizbul Mujahideen-Indian Army-Tikken, Pulwama district[304]
11 November1-Jaish-e-Mohammed1Indian Army-Chattipra, Handwara, Kupwara district[305] [306]
13 November1---Indian Army-Akhnoor sector, Jammu district[307] [308]
2---Indian Army-Keran sector, Kupwara district
17 November2-Al-Badr-Indian Army, J&K Police-Rebian, Shopian district[309]
19 November4Hizbul Mujahideen123 Para, CRPFNadigam, Shopian district[310] [311]
23 November6Hizbul Mujahideen, Lashkar-e-Taiba-3 RR, SOG-Sekipora, Bijbhera, Anantnag district[312] [313]
25 November6-134 RR, CRPF, SOG-Hipura Batagund, Shopian districtOperation Batagund[314] [315]
11Jaish-e-Mohammed-Indian Army-Khrew, Awantipora, Pulwama district[316]
26 November2--1RR, 163 CRPF, SOG-Redwani, Kulgam district[317] [318] [319]
1---Indian Army, CRPF, J&K Police-Hafoo, Tral, Pulwama district
27 November2-Lashkar-e-Taiba-Indian Army, CRPF, J&K Police-Kuthpora, Budgam district[320] [321]
28 November2-Hizbul Mujahideen-55 RR, 185 CRPF, 130 CRPF, SOG-Sharshali, Pulwama district[322] [323]

2020

Indian security forces, between January and 19 June, launched several operations in which 102 terrorists were killed. Lt Gen BS Raju mentioned in a press conference that normalcy will return in the valley within few months and all the terrorists will be eliminated.[324] In the first week of April, Operation Randori Behak (1 April to 5 April) resulted in the deaths of five para commandos from 4 Para, the same commandos which had taken part in the 2016 'surgical strikes'.[325] [326] Among those para commandos was Junior Commissioned Officer Sanjiv Kumar, KC, who died in action on 5 April.[327]

Operation Randori Behak resulted in the most deaths in 202: five terrorists and five soldiers.[328] On 2 May, following Pakistani border firing and the deaths of Indian security forces, the United Nations spokesperson said that "Antonio Guterres' ceasefire appeal is global".[329]

May onwards, Indian troops have been part of the 2020 China–India skirmishes.

DateNumber of militantsMilitants affiliationNumber of security forces killedSecurity forces affiliationNumber ofcivilians killedAreaNotesReferences
KilledArrested
15 January1-Hizbul Mujahideen-J&K Police, Indian Army (RR), other security agencies-Tantna village, Gundana tehsil, DodaHaroon Abbas Wani, HB district commander[330]
5 April5-LeT - The Resistance Front (TRF)54 Para SF-Keran, KupwaraInfiltration during COVID-19 pandemic, Operation Randori Behak[331] [332]
22 April4-----Malhura Zanpora village, Shopian[333]
2 May2--5 (4+1)Indian Army, J&K Police-Changimul, Handwara, Kupwara district,Chinese type 56 assault rifles recovered[334] [335]
4 May--|-|3|CRPF|-[336]
6 May2-Hizbul Mujahideen-J&K Police, Indian Army, paramilitary-Sarshali village, Khrew, AwantiporaRiyaz Naikoo killed[337] [338]
16 May---1CRPF, J&K Police-Frisal chowk in Yaripora, Kulgam[339] [340]
17 May1-Hizbul Mujahideen1Indian Army-DodaTahir Ahmad Bhat killed; associate of Haroon Abbas Wani who was killed on 15 January 2020[341]
19 May2-Hizbul Mujahideen-J&K Police, CRPF 3Nawakadal, SrinagarAshraf Sehrai's son, Junaid Sehrai, a top Hizbul commander. 12 houses damaged, 3 injured civilians later died.[342] [343]
24/25 May2---Kulgam Police, 34 RR and CRPF 18 Bn-Khurd-Hanjipora area, Manzgam, Kulgam
27 May--Hizbul/ Jaish-e-Mohammed-J&K Police, CRPF & Indian Army-PulwamaCar with 40 kg IED captured, driver escapes[344]
30 May2---J&K Police, Indian Army, CRPF-Wanpora area, Kulgam[345]
31 May to 1 June13---Indian Army-Kalal village, Naushera sector RajouriSearch operations also by Border Security Force and police.[346] [347]
2 June2-Jaish-e-Mohammed-Security forces-Pulwama[348]
3 June3-Jaish-e-Mohammed-Security forces-Kangan, PulwamaFauji Bhai alias Abdul Rehman, a Jaish bomb expert, also participated in Afghanistan war, killed[349]
7 June5-Hizbul Mujahideen-Army, CRPF and Shopian Police-Reban village, Pinjora, Shopian[350]
8 June4-Hizbul Mujahideen-J&K Police, Indian Army, CRPF-Pinjora, Shopian12 hour encounter[351]
24 July----Indian Army-Hathlanga, BaramullaArms and ammunition including AK47s, 5 Chinese pistol recovered during search operation[352]
25 July2-LeT-Joint operation-Ranbirgarh, SrinagarOperation Ranbergad[353]

See also

External links

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. News: 2018 Will Be Less Challenging; 'Operation All-Out' To Continue: Jammu And Kashmir Police Official. 17 December 2017. NDTV. https://web.archive.org/web/20171218151005/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/2018-will-be-less-challenging-operation-all-out-to-continue-jammu-and-kashmir-police-official-1788684. 2017-12-18. live.
  2. News: Operation Sarp Vinash: Army clears Hill Kaka. Kumar. Devesh. 2003-05-24. The Economic Times. 2018-07-18.
  3. Web site: Operation Sadbhavana. Ministry of Defence. Public Information Bureau, Government of India. 2018-02-19.
  4. News: Kashmir violence: Army begins operation 'Calm Down'. 2016-09-14. The Hindu. 2018-02-20. PTI. en-IN. 0971-751X.
  5. Web site: In the second phase of Operation Rakshak, army tries to avoid mistakes of its earlier operations in Punjab. Sandhu. Kanwar. 15 March 1991. India Today. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20190130091421/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19910315-in-the-second-phase-of-operation-rakshak-army-tries-to-avoid-mistakes-of-its-earlier-operations-in-punjab-814145-1991-03-15. 30 January 2019. 2019-01-30.
  6. Web site: 753 Army Personnel Martyred in Op Rakshak During 8 Yrs in J&K. 24 April 2015. Outlook India. PTI. 2019-01-30.
  7. Web site: Bravehearts all: Mohit Sharma, Sreeram Kumar get Ashoka Chakras. 15 August 2009. The Times of India. TNN. 2019-01-30.
  8. Web site: The President Confers Ashok Chakra to 918203 Corporal Jyoti Prakash Nirala Indian Air Force (Security) (Posthumous). 25 January 2018. pib.nic.in. PIB Delhi. https://web.archive.org/web/20180127202429/http://www.pib.nic.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1517878. 27 January 2018. 2019-01-30.
  9. Web site: OPERATION RAKSHAK MEMORIAL. Indian Army. https://web.archive.org/web/20190130105533/https://www.indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=AQWiG2UyHLmvdmkdzqiNYQ

    &ParentID=kQZJnZfKWqXZN26MBg400A

    . 30 January 2019. 2019-01-30.
  10. Web site: After operation 'All Out', Forces start operation 'outreach' in Kashmir. brighterkashmir.com.
  11. Web site: DeM cadres lead women congregations across Kashmir . Greater Kashmir . 3 August 2016. 9 August 2016.
  12. Web site: Pro-freedom rallies in Pampore, Bijbehara . Khalid . Gul . Greater Kashmir . 5 August 2016. 9 August 2016.
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  18. Quote: "The quality or state of being insurgent; specifically : a condition of revolt against a recognized government that does not reach the proportions of an organized revolutionary government and is not recognized as belligerency" (subscription required)
  19. Quote: "The quality or state of being insurgent; the tendency to rise in revolt; = insurgence n. = The action of rising against authority; a rising, revolt." (subscription required)
  20. Quote: "Insurgency, term historically restricted to rebellious acts that did not reach the proportions of an organized revolution. It has subsequently been applied to any such armed uprising, typically guerrilla in character, against the recognized government of a state or country." (subscription required)"
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