Operation Praetorian Explained

Praetorian
Country:	United States
Test Site:	NTS Area 12, Rainier Mesa; NTS Area 19, 20, Pahute Mesa; NTS, Areas 1–4, 6–10, Yucca Flat
Period:	1981–1982
Number Of Tests:	19
Test Type:	underground shaft, tunnel
Max Yield:	140ktTNT
Next Series:	Operation Phalanx

The United States's Praetorian nuclear test series was a group of 19 nuclear tests conducted in 1981–1982. These tests ^[1] followed the Operation Guardian series and preceded the Operation Phalanx series.

List of the nuclear tests

United States' Praetorian series tests and detonations
- !style="background:#ffdead;"	Name ^[2] !style="background:#efefef;"	Date time (UT) !style="background:#ffdead;"	Local time zone^[3] ^[4] !style="background:#efefef;"	Location^[5] !style="background:#ffdead;"	Elevation + height ^[6] !style="background:#efefef;"	Delivery ^[7] Purpose ^[8] !style="background:#efefef;"	Device^[9] !style="background:#ffdead;"	Yield^[10] !style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable"	Fallout^[11] !style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable"	References !style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable"	Notes	- ! Paliza	19:00:00.1	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U7bd 37.0816°N -116.0096°W	1260m (4,130feet) – 472.1m (1,548.9feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Tilci	20:00:09.086	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U4ak 37.0763°N -116.0694°W	1232m (4,042feet) – 445m (1,460feet)	underground shaft, weapons development			Venting detected			- ! Akavi	15:00:00.098	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U2es 37.1484°N -116.0717°W	1293m (4,242feet) – 494m (1,621feet)	underground shaft, weapons development			Venting detected			- ! Caboc	21:05:00.09	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U2cp 37.1145°N -116.1237°W	1348m (4,423feet) – 335m (1,099feet)	underground shaft, weapons development			Venting detected, 0.3Ci			- ! Jornada	16:00:00.104	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U4j 37.0913°N -116.0521°W	1233m (4,045feet) – 638.9m (2,096.1feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Molbo	14:55:00.083	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U20ag 37.2243°N -116.4635°W	1873m (6,145feet) – 638m (2,093feet)	underground shaft, weapons development			I-131 venting detected, 0			- ! Hosta	15:25:00.09Hansen,	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U19ak 37.3479°N -116.317°W	2076m (6,811feet) – 639.5m (2,098.1feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Tenaja	18:00:00.088	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U3lh 37.0168°N -116.0106°W	1177m (3,862feet) – 356.3m (1,169feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Kryddost	20:00:00.083	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U2co 37.1166°N -116.1282°W	1363m (4,472feet) – 335m (1,099feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Bouschet	18:17:00.11	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U3la 37.069°N -116.0467°W	1217m (3,993feet) – 563.9m (1,850.1feet)	underground shaft, weapons development			Venting detected, less than 1Ci			- ! Kesti	14:00:00.085	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U9cn 37.1142°N -116.0175°W	1312m (4,304feet) – 289m (948feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Nebbiolo	14:15:00.09	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U19ae 37.2362°N -116.3711°W	2038m (6,686feet) – 639.5m (2,098.1feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Monterey	20:05:00.083	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U4aj 37.1023°N -116.0756°W	1253m (4,111feet) – 400m (1,300feet)	underground shaft, weapons development			Venting detected, 0.1Ci			- ! Atrisco	14:00:00.09	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U7bp 37.0846°N -116.0071°W	1268m (4,160feet) – 639.78m (2,099.02feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Queso	15:00:00.0	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U10bf 37.1897°N -116.0486°W	1310m (4,300feet) – 216m (709feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Cerro	14:00:00.085	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U3lf 37.0197°N -116.0164°W	1184m (3,885feet) – 228.6m (750feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Diamond Ace - 2 (with Huron Landing)	16:00:00.091	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U12n.15 37.212°N -116.2076°W	1824m (5,984feet) – 407.26m (1,336.15feet)	tunnel, weapon effect			Venting detected		Simultaneous.	- ! Huron Landing - 1 (with Diamond Ace)	16:00:00.09	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U12n.15 37.212°N -116.2077°W	1824m (5,984feet) – 408m (1,339feet)	tunnel, weapon effect			Venting detected, 280Ci		Simultaneous.	- ! Frisco	17:00:00.085	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U8m 37.1747°N -116.0887°W	1347m (4,419feet) – 451m (1,480feet)	underground shaft, weapons development			Venting detected, 2Ci			- ! Borrego	13:30:00.096	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U7br 37.0912°N -116.0455°W	1234m (4,049feet) – 563.3m (1,848.1feet)	underground shaft, weapons development

Notes and References

A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length".Web site: V. N.. Mikhailov. Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing. Begell-Atom. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm. April 26, 2014.
The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions - Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 - 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.
To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.
Web site: Time Zone Historical Database. iana.com. March 8, 2014.
Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.
Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.
Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.