Operation Fulcrum Explained

Fulcrum
Country:	United States
Test Site:	NTS, Areas 1–4, 6–10, Yucca Flat
Period:	1976–1977
Number Of Tests:	21
Test Type:	underground shaft
Max Yield:	140ktTNT
Next Series:	Operation Cresset

The United States's Fulcrum nuclear test series was a group of 21 nuclear tests conducted in 1976–1977. These tests ^[1] followed the Operation Anvil (nuclear test) series and preceded the Operation Cresset series.

United States' Fulcrum series tests and detonations
- !style="background:#ffdead;"	Name ^[2] !style="background:#efefef;"	Date time (UT) !style="background:#ffdead;"	Local time zone^[3] ^[4] !style="background:#efefef;"	Location^[5] !style="background:#ffdead;"	Elevation + height ^[6] !style="background:#efefef;"	Delivery ^[7] Purpose ^[8] !style="background:#efefef;"	Device^[9] !style="background:#ffdead;"	Yield^[10] !style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable"	Fallout^[11] !style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable"	References !style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable"	Notes	- ! Gouda	14:30:00.164	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U2ef 37.1345°N -116.0632°W	1272m (4,173feet) – 200.1m (656.5feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Sprit	14:58:00.077	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U3hc 37.0359°N -116.0182°W	1192m (3,911feet) – 183.18m (600.98feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Chevre	15:15:00.163	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U10ay 37.1717°N -116.0535°W	1278m (4,193feet) – 317.3m (1,041feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Redmud	14:49:30.083	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U7ab 37.0792°N -116.0025°W	1269m (4,163feet) – 426.72m (1,400feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Asiago	15:09:00.166	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U2ar 37.1239°N -116.0683°W	1265m (4,150feet) – 330.8m (1,085.3feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Sutter	15:58:00.162	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U2bw 37.1521°N -116.0645°W	1287m (4,222feet) – 200.3m (657.2feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Rudder	18:00:00.076	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U7aj(s) 37.1004°N -116.0376°W	1255m (4,117feet) – 638.56m (2,095.01feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Cove - 1 (with Oarlock)	17:53:00.16	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U3ki 37.0066°N -116.0321°W	1181m (3,875feet) +	underground shaft, weapons development					Simultaneous, separate holes.	- ! Oarlock - 2 (with Cove)	17:53:00.073	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U3km 37.0135°N -116.0294°W	1183m (3,881feet) – 317.6m (1,042feet)	underground shaft, weapons development					Simultaneous, separate holes.	- ! Dofino - 1	14:24:00.164	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U10ba 37.1762°N -116.0539°W	1283m (4,209feet) – 182.88m (600feet)	underground shaft, weapons development			Venting detected, 25Ci		Simultaneous, same hole.	- ! Dofino-Lawton - 2	14:24:00.16	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U10ba 37.1762°N -116.0539°W	1283m (4,209feet) – 282m (925feet)	underground shaft, weapons development			Venting detected		Simultaneous, same hole.	- ! Marsilly	15:00:00.167	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U2ei 37.1202°N -116.0632°W	1259m (4,131feet) – 689.73m (2,262.89feet)	underground shaft, weapons development			Venting detected, 15Ci			- ! Bulkhead	15:00:00.084	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U7am 37.0947°N -116.0288°W	1259m (4,131feet) – 594.36m (1,950feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Crewline	17:00:00.076	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U7ap 37.0943°N -116.0457°W	1237m (4,058feet) – 564.18m (1,850.98feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Forefoot	17:15:00.098	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U3kf 37.0549°N -116.0258°W	1207m (3,960feet) – 193.55m (635.01feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Carnelian	14:07:00.162	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U4af 37.0975°N -116.0918°W	1265m (4,150feet) – 208m (682feet)	underground shaft, weapons development			Venting detected, 7Ci			- ! Strake	16:40:00.074	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U7ae 37.0865°N -116.0077°W	1273m (4,177feet) – 517.55m (1,698feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Gruyere - 1	14:41:00.165	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U9cg 37.1451°N -116.05°W	1263m (4,144feet) – 206.96m (679feet)	underground shaft, weapons development					Simultaneous, same hole.	- ! Gruyere-Gradino - 2	14:41:00.16	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U9cg 37.1451°N -116.05°W	1263m (4,144feet) – 320m (1,050feet)	underground shaft, weapons development			Venting detected, 0.8Ci		Simultaneous, same hole.	- ! Flotost	15:49:00.168	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U2ao 37.1467°N -116.064°W	1284m (4,213feet) – 274.93m (902feet)	underground shaft, weapons development			Venting detected, 3Ci			- ! Scupper	17:32:00.098	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U3hj 37.0176°N -116.0325°W	1185m (3,888feet) – 449.58m (1,475feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Scantling	17:55:00.1	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U4h 37.11°N -116.0557°W	1246m (4,088feet) – 701.04m (2,300feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Ebbtide	14:36:30.077	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U3kt 37.0327°N -116.044°W	1194m (3,917feet) – 379.48m (1,245.01feet)	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! Coulommiers	14:00:00.161	PST (–8 hrs)	NTS Area U2ei 37.1511°N -116.0684°W	1292m (4,239feet) – 530.35m (1,739.99feet)	underground shaft, weapons development			Venting detected, 0.9Ci

Notes and References

A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". V. N., Editor in Chief. Mikhailov. Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing. Begell-Atom, LLC. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm. April 26, 2014.
The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions - Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 - 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.
To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.
Web site: Time Zone Historical Database. iana.com. March 8, 2014.
Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.
Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.
Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.