Onion yellow dwarf virus explained

Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) is a plant virus in the genus Potyvirus that has been identified worldwide and mainly infects species of Allium such as onion, garlic, and leek.[1] [2] [3] [4] The virus causes mild to severe leaf malformation, and bulb reduction up to sixty percent has been observed in garlic.[5]

Genome

The full genome of OYDV is around 10,538 nucleotides long and encodes a polyprotein of 3,403 amino acids. Its P3 gene is longer than those of other known Potyviruses.[6]

OYDV is the first potyvirus found which has natural deletion mutants lacking the N-terminal region of helper-component proteinase (HC-Pro). The mutant isolates are common. Garlic plants grown commercially are generally co-infected with both the normal and attenuated isolates.[7] RNA silencing suppressor activities in isolates, which lack the long stretch of the N-terminal amino acids (~ 100 residues) in their HC-Pro gene, are observed to be low.[8]

Transmission

Isolates with complete HC-Pro sequences were non-persistently transmitted by aphids on their own, while the isolates with short HC-Pros (OYDV-S) were only aphid transmissible when they were co-infected with leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), another potyvirus that mostly infects Allium spp. LYSV HC-Pro was assumed to interlink both LYSV and OYDV-S with the aphid stylet.[9] OYDV is not transmitted by dodder.[10]

Notes and References

  1. Ward . L. I. . Perez-Egusquiza . Z. . Fletcher . J. D. . Clover . G. R. G. . A survey of viral diseases of Allium crops in New Zealand . Australasian Plant Pathology . 2009 . 38 . 5 . 533 . 10.1071/AP09039. 39328059 .
  2. PARRANO. Leonardo. AFUNIAN. Mohammad. PAGLIACCIA. Deborah. DOUHAN. Greg. VIDALAKIS. Georgios. 2012. Characterization of viruses associated with garlic plants propagated from different reproductive tissues from Italy and other geographic regions. Phytopathologia Mediterranea. 51. 3. 549–565. 43872342. 0031-9465.
  3. Abraham . A. D. . Kidanemariam . D. B. . Holton . T. A. . Molecular identification, incidence and phylogenetic analysis of seven viruses infecting garlic in Ethiopia . European Journal of Plant Pathology . 15 May 2019 . 155 . 1 . 181–191 . 10.1007/s10658-019-01760-9. 33304030 . 7680954 . free .
  4. Santosa . Adyatma Irawan . Ertunc . Filiz . Identification, molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of four viruses infecting Allium cepa in Ankara Province, Turkey . Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection . 19 June 2020 . 127 . 4 . 561–569 . 10.1007/s41348-020-00347-5. 225488130 .
  5. Lot. Harve. Chovelon. Véronique. Souche. Sylvie. Delecolle. Brigitte. 2007. Effects of Onion Yellow Dwarf and Leek Yellow Stripe Viruses on Symptomatology and Yield Loss of Three French Garlic Cultivars. Plant Disease. en. 82. 12. 1381–1385. 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.12.1381. 30845474. 0191-2917.
  6. Chen. J.. Adams. M. J.. Zheng. H.-Y.. Chen. J.-P.. 2003-05-01. Sequence analysis demonstrates that Onion yellow dwarf virus isolates from China contain a P3 region much larger than other potyviruses. Archives of Virology. 148. 6. 1165–1173. 10.1007/s00705-003-0020-1. 12756621. 10079689. 0304-8608.
  7. Takaki . F. . Sano . T. . Yamashita . K. . The complete nucleotide sequence of attenuated onion yellow dwarf virus: a natural potyvirus deletion mutant lacking the N-terminal 92 amino acids of HC-Pro . Archives of Virology . 3 July 2006 . 151 . 7 . 1439–1445 . 10.1007/s00705-005-0716-5. 16463124 . 35484265 .
  8. Kim . Hangil . Aoki . Nana . Takahashi . Haruna . Yoshida . Naoto . Shimura . Hanako . Masuta . Chikara . Reduced RNA silencing suppressor activity of onion yellow dwarf virus HC-Pro with N-terminal deletion may be complemented in mixed infection with another potyvirus in garlic . Journal of General Plant Pathology . 14 May 2020 . 86 . 4 . 300–309 . 10.1007/s10327-020-00926-2. 218624707 .
  9. Jayasinghe . Wikum H. . Kim . Hangil . Sasaki . June . Masuta . Chikara . Aphid transmissibility of onion yellow dwarf virus isolates with an N-terminal truncated HC-Pro is aided by leek yellow stripe virus . Journal of General Plant Pathology . 7 March 2021 . 87 . 3 . 178–183 . 10.1007/s10327-021-00986-y. 233782267 .
  10. Bos . L. . Viruses and Virus Diseases of Allium Species . Acta Horticulturae . 1983 . 127 . 11–30 . 10.17660/ActaHortic.1983.127.1.

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