Pauline Hanson's One Nation Explained

Pauline Hanson's One Nation
President:	Pauline Hanson
General Secretary:	Damian Huxham
Registered:	27 June 1997^[1]
Position:	Right-wing to far-right
Headquarters:	17/109 Holt St, Eagle Farm, Brisbane, Queensland
Colours:	Orange
Seats1 Title:	House of Representatives
Seats2 Title:	Senate
Seats3 Title:	State and territory lower houses
Seats4 Title:	State and territory upper houses
Country:	Australia
Founder:	Pauline Hanson

Pauline Hanson's One Nation (PHON or ONP), also known as One Nation or One Nation Party, is a right-wing populist political party in Australia. It is led by Pauline Hanson.

One Nation was founded in 1997, by member of parliament Pauline Hanson and her advisors David Ettridge and David Oldfield after Hanson was disendorsed as a federal candidate for the Liberal Party of Australia. The disendorsement came before the 1996 federal election following comments she made about Indigenous Australians.^[2] Oldfield, a councillor on Manly Council in suburban Sydney and at one time an employee of Liberal minister Tony Abbott, was the organisational architect of the party.^[3] Hanson sat as an independent for one year before forming Pauline Hanson's One Nation.

One Nation had electoral success in the late 1990s, before suffering an extended decline after 2001. Nevertheless, One Nation has had a profound impact on debates on multiculturalism and immigration in Australia.^[4] Following Hanson's return as leader and the 2016 federal election, the party gained four seats in the Senate, including one for Hanson herself, in Queensland.

Arguing that other political parties are out of touch with mainstream Australia, One Nation runs on a broadly populist and nationalist platform. It promises to drastically reduce immigration and to abolish "divisive and discriminatory policies ... attached to Aboriginal and multicultural affairs", condemning multiculturalism as a "threat to the very basis of the Australian culture, identity and shared values". During its inception, One Nation rallied against Liberal and Labor immigration and multicultural policies which, it argued, were leading to "the Asianisation of Australia."^[5]

The party denounces economic rationalism and globalisation. Adopting strong protectionist policies, One Nation advocates the restoration of import tariffs, a revival of Australia's manufacturing industry, and an increase in support for small business and the rural sector.^[6] One Nation's policies and platform have been characterised as racist and xenophobic by critics.

History

1997: One Nation founded

Shortly after being elected to federal parliament, Hanson formed the One Nation party with co-founders David Oldfield and David Ettridge. During the formative days of One Nation, Oldfield was employed by Liberal Party backbench MP Tony Abbott as a political advisor.^[2] One Nation was launched on 11 April 1997, at an event held in Ipswich, Queensland.^[7] The party was officially registered by the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) on 27 June.^[8]

1998: First elections

The 1998 Queensland state election produced One Nation's greatest electoral success, with the ALP winning 44 seats to be the largest party in the Assembly, the Coalition winning 32 seats and One Nation winning 11 seats. During the campaign, polling for One Nation lead to commentators saying One Nation might secure the balance of power in a hung parliament.^[9] During the campaign, all three major political parties suffered a decline in voter support due to One Nation having entered the fray. The National Party saw an 11.1% drop in support, their Liberal Party coalition partners lost 6.7% and Labor's vote dropped 4.0%.^[9] To the surprise of many pundits, the One Nation Party received 22.7% of the first preference vote, giving them the second largest voter turnout for any party in Queensland during the 1998 election. One Nation drew the majority of its support from regional and rural Queensland, winning nine of its 11 seats in rural and regional electorates.^[9] Subsequently, the One Nation contingent in the Queensland Parliament split, with dissident members forming the rival City-Country Alliance in late 1999.^[10]

At the 1998 federal election, Hanson contested the new seat of Blair after a redistribution effectively split Oxley in half. Hanson lost to Liberal candidate Cameron Thompson, and the One Nation candidate in Oxley lost the seat to ALP candidate Bernie Ripoll.^[11] One Nation candidate Heather Hill was elected as a senator for Queensland. Hill's eligibility to sit as a senator was successfully challenged in Sue v Hill under the Australian Constitution on the basis that she had failed to renounce her childhood British citizenship, despite being a naturalised Australian citizen. The seat went to the party's Len Harris following a recount.^[12]

Political scientists Ian McAllister and Clive Bean, in an analysis of the 1998 federal election, found that although it was assumed that One Nation supporters came from a traditionally conservative demographic, instead:

Within a year of One Nation's electoral success, three of the 11 Queensland MPs elected had quit the party claiming the leadership had too much control over the party.^[2]

Internal disputes and claims of corruption

The party was affected by internal divisions and has split several times. Lawsuits involving ex-members did eventually force Hanson to repay approximately $500,000 of public funding won at the 1998 Queensland election amid claims by Abbott that the party was fraudulently registered. Abbott established a trust fund called "Australians for Honest Politics Trust" to help bankroll civil court cases against the party.^[13] The suits alleged that the party was undemocratically constituted in order to concentrate all power in the hands of three people—Hanson, Ettridge and Oldfield (in particular Oldfield)—and that it technically had only two members: Ettridge and Hanson. Even though Hanson's fraud charges were dropped, the Electoral Commission of Queensland never reimbursed Hanson for the monies that they collected from the claim.^[2]

The first Annual General Meeting of the One Nation party was held in April 1999, which critic Paul Reynolds said demonstrated that One Nation lacked organisation.^[14]

At the 1999 New South Wales state election, David Oldfield was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council. In October 2000, Hanson expelled Oldfield from the party after a disagreement.^[2] His expulsion created even more instability in a party which was constantly embroiled in scandal and internal strife. Oldfield attacked Hanson publicly, saying that "everything including her maiden speech and every word of any consequence that she's said since, has actually been written for her".^[2] Oldfield engineered a split within the party, creating One Nation NSW, in 2001.^[2] The new party took advantage of electoral party registration laws to register itself as a political party under the 'One Nation' name with the NSW electoral commission, and achieved registration in April 2002.^[2]

At the 2001 Western Australian state election One Nation won three seats in the state, however the party was reduced to 3 seats the same year at the 2001 Queensland state election. During the 2001 Australian federal election, the party's vote fell from 9% to 5.5%. Hanson failed in her bid to win a Senate seat from Queensland, despite polling a strong 10% of the primary vote. Hanson also failed to win a seat in the New South Wales Legislative Council.^[2]

Electoral fraud charges

In 2001, disendorsed One Nation candidate Terry Sharples accused the party of not having the 500 members needed for registration, and called for the party to be deregistered, which was carried by the Supreme Court. Hanson appealed the verdict but was unsuccessful.^[15] Hanson appeared before the Brisbane Magistrates Court to face charges of electoral fraud, that same year. Hanson pleaded not guilty to the charges, claiming that she was being subjected to "a political witch-hunt." While court hearings proceeded, Hanson ran for a seat in the NSW Upper House as an independent, but only received 1.9 per cent of the vote.^[2]

Both Ettridge and Hanson were found guilty of fraudulently registering One Nation and obtaining more than $500,000 from the AEC, in 2003. Crown lawyers accused them both of falsely claiming more than 500 people were party members when they were not truly members. Hanson was sentenced to three years in jail, stating outside the court that the verdict was "Rubbish, I'm not guilty... it's a joke".^[2]

It was later disclosed that Abbott had been working behind the scenes to take Ettridge and Hanson down, meeting with several disgruntled One Nation members including Sharples. November 6 that same year Hanson was released from prison after successfully appealing her conviction and being acquitted on all counts.^[2]

2004–2013: Electoral decline

At the 2004 Queensland state election, One Nation polled less than 5% of the vote and its sole elected representative, Rosa Lee Long, acted as an independent. One Nation attempted to defend its Queensland Senate seat at the 2004 federal election, but lost it (effectively to the National Party). Len Harris's Senate term expired on 30 June 2005.^[16]

On 8 February 2005, One Nation lost federal party status but was re-registered in time for the 2007 federal election. It still had state parties in Queensland and New South Wales. Subsequently, it created another state party in Western Australia. In the February 2005 Western Australian state election, the One Nation vote collapsed.^[2]

In the 2006 South Australian state election, six One Nation candidates stood for the lower house. Their highest levels of the primary vote was 4.1% in the district of Hammond and 2.7% in Goyder, with the other four hovering around 1%. They attracted 0.8% (7559 votes) of the upper house vote. One Nation consequently won no seats in that election.^[2]

In the 2006 Queensland state election, the party contested four of 89 seats, and its vote collapsed. It suffered a swing of 4.3% to be left with just 0.6% of the vote. Its only remaining seat in the state (and country), Tablelands, was retained with an increased majority by Rosa Lee Long.^[17] Tablelands was abolished prior to the 2009 Queensland state election, with Lee Long failing to win the seat of Dalrymple.

In the 2012 Queensland state election the party unsuccessfully contested six seats. The party received only 2,525 first preference votes (representing 0.1% of the total cast) across the state.^[18]

2013–2015: Hanson's return as leader

Hanson rejoined One Nation as a rank-and-file member in 2013. Later that year, she unsuccessfully contested the Senate for New South Wales at the 2013 federal election. In 2014, Hanson was reappointed as leader by the One Nation executive.^[19] She contested the seat of Lockyer for the party at the January 2015 Queensland state election, falling 114 votes short of defeating sitting Liberal National Party member Ian Rickuss.^[20]

In 2013, it was reported by One Nation that the party had more than 5000 members, with the figure rising since Hanson returned as party leader.^[21]

In July 2015, Hanson announced that the party was renamed the original "Pauline Hanson's One Nation" and contested in the Senate for Queensland at the 2016 federal election.^[22]

In the lead up to the 2016 election, Hanson arranged a "Fed Up" tour that began in July 2015 as part of her re-election campaign, flying in a private plane to Rockhampton prior to a Reclaim Australia rally,^[23] piloted by James Ashby.^[24]

2016–present: Return to federal politics

See also: Senate results for the Australian federal election, 2016. At the 2016 federal election the party polled 4.3% (+3.8) of the nationwide primary vote in the Senate. Only Queensland polled higher for the party than their nationwide percentage − the party polled 9.2% (+8.6) of the primary vote in that state. Pauline Hanson (QLD) and three other One Nation candidates − Malcolm Roberts (QLD), Brian Burston (NSW) and Rod Culleton (WA) were elected to the Senate.^[25] Elected to the 3rd Queensland Senate spot, as per convention Hanson is serving a six-year term while the three other One Nation Senators who were elected in the last half of spots were appointed to three-year terms. Culleton was stripped of his seat in January 2017 after he was declared bankrupt. In March 2017, the High Court ruled that Culleton's election to the Senate was invalid in any event because of a criminal conviction in New South Wales. After a court-ordered recount, Culleton was replaced by the second candidate on the WA list, Peter Georgiou.^[26]

Resignations, disendorsements and ineligibility

Rod Culleton (WA) left the party in December 2016, after months of legal troubles and party infighting to sit as an independent bringing the number of party senators to 3.^{[27] [28]} On 3 February 2017, the High Court of Australia ruled that Culleton's election was invalid due to a conviction for which he was subject to being sentenced at the time of the election, notwithstanding that the conviction was subsequently annulled. The resulting vacancy was filled by a recount of the votes at the election, which resulted in Peter Georgiou taking the seat and returning the One Nation representation in the Senate to four.

During the 2017 Western Australian state election, several One Nation candidates either quit or were disendorsed.^[29] Dane Sorensen provided a copy of the party's Western Australian "candidate agreement" form for this election, which all candidates had to sign. It includes an "administration fee" of $250,000 if an elected candidate subsequently leaves the party.^[30] One Nation previously formed a 'conservative bloc' with the Liberal Democratic Party and Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party in the Western Australia Legislative Council.^[31]

On 27 October 2017, the full High Court, as Court of Disputed Returns, ruled that Malcolm Roberts had been ineligible to be elected to the Parliament. On 13 November, Senator Fraser Anning took Roberts' seat after a Senate recount. However, on the same day Anning left the party to become an Independent.^[32]

On 14 June 2018, Senator Brian Burston announced his resignation from the party to sit as an independent, following a month-long clash with Hanson centred around the Turnbull Government's corporate tax cuts, on which Hanson had reversed her position. This reduced the party to 2 senators, with Hanson remaining the only member of One Nation elected at the 2016 Federal election.^[33]

Hanson wears a burqa into the Senate

Hanson drew widespread condemnation when she wore the full Islamic dress into Senate Question Time, before calling for the burqa to be banned in Australia. Audible gasps of shock were heard in the parliament. Liberal party Senator and Attorney-General of Australia, George Brandis condemned Hanson's actions, declaring to the parliament that "To ridicule that community, to drive it into a corner, to mock its religious garments is an appalling thing to do. I would ask you to reflect on that". Senator Brandis received applause and praise from all sides of parliament for his response.^[34]

"it is OK to be white"

On 15 October 2018, a Senate motion brought by the party stating "it is OK to be white" was defeated 31–28 in a vote. The government expressed regret at the support the vote received, blaming it to an administrative error in which its senators were mistakenly instructed to vote positively. Critics noted that the phrase "it's OK to be white" has been associated with white supremacist rhetoric.^[35]

Mark Latham joins One Nation

Former Labor Party leader Mark Latham joined the party in November 2018 as leader for New South Wales.^[36] He successfully contested a seat in the Legislative Council, winning it in March 2019.^[37]

James Ashby controversies

On 22 May 2017, a new scandal arose when a taped conversation between Hanson and political advisor James Ashby was released. The tape showed that Ashby had supported charging One Nation candidates inflated prices for campaign materials.^{[38] [39]}

In March 2019, One Nation was the subject of a two-part Al Jazeera documentary series asserting that the party was soliciting financial assistance from the National Rifle Association of America and Koch Industries in order to change Australian gun control laws.^[40] Al Jazeera used an undercover reporter posing as a gun rights advocate.^{[41] [42] [43] [44] [45]} In response, One Nation leader Pauline Hanson condemned the documentary as a "hit piece" by a Qatar government backed news agency and announced that she had filed a complaint with the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation.^[46] Similar sentiments were echoed by the One Nation officials, James Ashby and Steve Dickson, who were featured in the documentary.^[47] In response to the documentary, the Australian Electoral Commission said that none of the activities shown in the documentary violated section 326 of the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 since they occurred overseas.

2019 election and Family Court claims

At the May 2019 federal election One Nation polled 5.40% (up 1.12%) for the nationwide Senate primary vote. The party polled higher than their national vote in Queensland, taking 10.27% up 1.08%, of the primary vote in the senate.

The PHON House of Representatives candidate for the Division of O'Connor, Dean Smith,^{[48] [49]} who won 8.4% (7,252) votes, was in December of the same year a target of recruitment for Neo-Nazi group The Base. In secretly recorded tapes of his "interview" by a recruiter, Smith tells of his hatred of immigrants and his wish to "save the race". He tells the recruiter that he had become "more and more extreme and passionate about my views", and disillusioned with One Nation and the possibility of a political solution. However, he was deemed too great a risk for The Base because of his political profile, so was not admitted into their ranks.^[50]

Also in 2019, Hanson received widespread condemnation in the Australian media after claiming that domestic violence victims routinely lie to the Family Court. The Law Council of Australia called for the abandonment of a federal parliamentary inquiry into the family law system, citing concerns that the hearings were being used by Hanson for political purposes to undermine domestic violence claims made by women.^[51]

2022 elections and the Albanese Government

In April 2022, it was "formally confirmed" that during the 2022 South Australian state election that One Nation's Sarah Game won a seat within the South Australia legislative council (upper house) making history as One Nation's first member of South Australian parliament.^[52]

In April 2022, Queensland MP George Christensen who had represented the division of Dawson for the Liberal National party announced he had joined One Nation with the intention of contesting for the Senate in the upcoming Federal election.^[53]

One Nation ran 149 candidates in the 2022 federal election, the only seats where they did not run in were inner Melbourne-based Higgins and the rural Queensland seat of Kennedy, held by Bob Katter.^[54] One Nation was criticised for running "ghost candidates" in several electorates for the 2022 federal election, who were not campaigning in the lead-up to the election and who had no online presence. Additionally, many did not live in the electorates they were listed as being the candidates for. Despite this, the AEC has said that it is not against the rules. One Nation had promised in the lead-up to the election that it would run candidates in all seats.^[55]

In December 2022, One Nation won its first seat in Victorian parliament, with Rikkie-Lee Tyrrell winning a seat during the 2022 Victorian state election, representing the Northern Victoria Region in the Victorian Legislative Council.^{[56] [57] [58]}

2023 and the Indigenous Voice to Parliament referendum

On 17 January 2023, New South Wales MP, Tania Mihailuk, announced her intention to join the party, previously representing the electoral district of Bankstown for the Labor Party before becoming an independent. Mihailuk announced that she would run for a seat in the Legislative Council at the 2023 state election.^[59]

One Nation contested the 2023 Narracan state supplementary election in Victoria on January 28, One Nation candidate Casey Murphy received 6.04% of the vote.^[60]

One Nation increased their total from to two to three seats in the Legislative Council, with leader Mark Latham re-elected for another term, Tania Mihailuk filled the vacant seat left behind by Latham, who had previously resigned to recontest the upper house at the top of One Nations ticket.^[61]

One Nation ran in the 2023 Fadden by-election, One Nation ran Sandy Roach, their candidate in the 2022 election, One Nation received 8.90% of the vote, coming in third place.^[62]

In August 2023, Pauline Hanson intervened in the New South Wales state branch of the party, and removed Mark Latham as leader of the party in New South Wales.^[63] On 22 August 2023, Mark Latham left the party to become an independent; he was joined by his colleague Rod Roberts.^[64]

One Nation campaigned heavily against the Indigenous Voice to parliament in the referendum held in October that year, One Nation supported the No vote and was against holding a referendum on the matter. The referendum was defeated in all states and territories with the exception of the Australian Capital Territory.^[65]

Tania Mihailuk was announced as the next leader of One Nation in New South Wales in December.^[66]

2024

One Nation offered to support the Albanese Governments tax cut changes. Pauline Hanson stated that Anthony Albanese had broken his promise on tax cut changes, but was willing to support the changes because going against it would be like "throwing the baby out with the bathwater".^[67]

Then United Australia Party National Director Craig Kelly joined One Nation on 27 February and took up the position as the Federal Campaign Director for One Nation.^[68]

On 29 February, Independent Ben Dawkins, a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council, announced he would be joining One Nation, making him the first One Nation member in the State since the party lost all its seats in the 2021 Western Australian state election, which the Labor party won in a landslide.^[69]

In early August, incumbent MP for Mirani Stephen Andrew announced his resignation from One Nation after they did not endorse him as their candidate for Mirani.^[70]

State and territory branches

Branch	Leader	Lower house seats	Upper house seats
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – ACT	No leader
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – New South Wales	Tania Mihailuk
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – Northern Territory	No leader
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – Queensland	No leader
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – South Australia	Jennifer Game
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – Tasmania	No leader
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – Victoria	Rikkie-Lee Tyrrell
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – Western Australia	Rod Caddies

Ideology

One Nation's policies and ideology have been described as based on ultranationalism,^{[71] [72] [73]} populism,^{[74] [75] [76]} and opposition to high levels of immigration.^[77] Its policies have been also described as nationalist,^{[78] [79] [80]} national-conservative,^[78] socially conservative,^[81] conservative,^{[82] [83]} and protectionist.^[84] Its political position has been described as right-wing,^[85] extreme right^[86] and far-right.^{[87] [88]}

Writer Hans-Georg Betz described One Nation and Pauline Hanson in 2019 as among "the first prominent radical right-wing populist entrepreneurs to mobilize popular resentment against a very specific target — the intellectual elite" and that in the twenty first century where "today's army of self-styled commentators and pundits summarily dismissing radical right-wing populist voters as uncouth, uneducated plebeians intellectually incapable of understanding the blessings of progressive identity politics, Hanson's anti-elite rhetoric anno 1996 proved remarkably prescient, if rather tame." Betz also argued that One Nation differs from European right-wing parties by focusing on its own brand of populism which he termed Hansonism based on Hanson's personality and debates unique to Australian society.^[89] Political scientist Ian McAllister argues the current version of One Nation from 2017 does not have much in the way of policy beyond an "anti-establishment stance"^[90] while others have argued it has changed to focus its policies on opposition to Islam.^{[91] [92]}

In its early years, One Nation's policies were said to be synonymous with opposition to affirmative action for Aboriginal communities. Some key themes of Pauline Hanson's 1998 maiden speech were opposition to what she said were increasingly high rates of immigration from Asian countries and an argument for economic protectionist policies.^{[5] [6]} Former Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating denounced Hanson in a speech in 1996, saying that she projected "the ugly face of racism" and was "dangerously divisive and deeply hurtful to many of her fellow Australians."^[93] Hanson and One Nation have disputed accusations of racism and argue that the main parties are out of touch with many Australians on the issues of immigration, asylum seekers and multiculturalism, and have ended up adopting some of the policies One Nation initially called for.^[94] Milton Osborne noted in 1999 that research indicated Hanson's initial supporters did not cite immigration as a major reason for their support for One Nation, but instead they were most concerned about economic issues and unemployment.^[95] A 2001 study showed that One Nation had extensive informal ties and received endorsements from far-right movements due to the party requiring "the support of those groups in establishing the party and because of a convergence of interests".^[96]

Policies

Immigration and asylum

One Nation says that whilst it recognises the positive contributions of immigrants to Australian life, it supports a general reduction in the levels of net migration to "closer to the 20th century average of 70,000", to stabilise population numbers, citing economic, cultural and environmental arguments against mass migration. The party also calls for a travel ban on certain countries, similar to one enacted by the Trump administration in the United States, in order to combat radical Islam and prevent the immigration of people the party argues are more likely to reject Australian values and promote violent extremism. The party also supports stronger assimilation of immigrants. One Nation also seeks to withdraw Australia from the United Nations Refugee Convention and is opposed to the UN Global Compact on Migration.^{[94] [97]} Due to these statements, One Nation has been described as anti-Islam.^{[98] [99]}

Following the end of lockdowns in Australia as a result of COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, the party has voiced support for establishing a zero-net immigration policy, similar to the one Australia had introduced during the pandemic. One Nation supports permitting only highly skilled migrants from culturally cohesive countries to settle in Australia.^[100]

The economy and employment

One Nation supports a broadly protectionist platform, saying that it would review free trade agreements and revoke any "that are not in Australia's best interest."^[101] It is opposed to foreign ownership of Australian agricultural land and businesses.^[102] Wishing to prioritise jobs for Australian nationals, it would investigate "the abuse of foreign work visas."^[103]

One Nation backed the Turnbull Government's controversial 2018 corporate tax cuts.^{[104] [105] [106]}

Domestic policies

The party argues for the introduction of Citizens Initiated Referenda (CIR) and states it will review the salaries and pensions paid to Australian politicians. In 2021, the Senate approved a motion tabled by Pauline Hanson which called on the federal government to reject the teaching of critical race theory in Australian schools.^[107] It also supports a ban on wearing the burqa in public spaces.^{[108] [109]} One Nation has backed Hanson's comments regarding downplaying scientific consensus on climate change.^{[110] [111]} During the debate on the Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017 which would legalise same-sex marriage in Australia, Hanson and other members of One Nation expressed their opposition to same-sex marriage. However, Hanson also stated the party would not take an official stance on same-sex marriage and that One Nation senators would be allowed a free vote on the issue.^{[112] [113]}

Law and order

One Nation claims it will increase rehabilitation facilities for drug addicts and introduce life sentences for drug traffickers, Pauline Hanson has previously voiced her support of medicinal cannabis but strong objection to recreational drug usage and opposition to pill testing.^[114] The party supports responsible gun ownership but wants tougher sentences for arms traffickers. The party also supports one law for all Australians and is opposed to any form of sharia law in Australia.^[102]

Welfare

One Nation is in favour of a substantial increase in the aged pension and disability support pension.^[115] It was reported in 2016 that One Nation had voted with the Liberal government on a number of welfare cuts.^[116]

Multinationals

The party would move foreign-owned multinationals out of the corporation tax system and into a transactions based system, saying that too many of them pay no tax on profits made in Australia.^[117]

COVID-19 vaccines

Many politicians, commentators and scientists claim that One Nation senators have spread misinformation and conspiracies on the effectiveness and scientific basis of COVID-19 vaccines.^{[118] [119]} One Nation opposes vaccine mandates, but denies being against vaccinations. However, in 2021, One Nation senator Mark Latham said that vaccinated people should be exempt from Sydney's COVID-19 lockdown.^[120]

Climate change

One Nation senators are frequent critics of any action on climate change and have called climate science a ‘scam’. One Nation has spread debunked conspiracy theories about climate change not occurring or being part of a plot by the United Nations.^{[121] [122]}

Voting system and preferences

In 2019, One Nation called for the abolition of full preferential voting in favour of optional preferential voting at House of Representatives elections. The announcement came shortly after Scott Morrison announced that the Liberal Party would preference One Nation behind Labor in several seats for the 2019 federal election.^[123] In Australia, optional preferential voting is currently only used for Legislative Assembly elections in New South Wales and for council elections in most warded local government areas in Queensland.

One Nation is also against the use of group voting tickets, which are currently only used for Legislative Council elections in Victoria. The party has strongly criticised Glenn Druery, a "preference whispererer" who founded the Minor Party Alliance. In the lead-up to the 2022 state election, Hanson claimed that Druery was rigging the election in favour of the incumbent state Labor government of Daniel Andrews, after a leaked video showed that Druery was trying to create a crossbench that Labor could work with.^[124] Prior to the incident, in 2017, Druery admitted that he had been directing the preferences of micro-parties away from One Nation since 1999.^[125]

Voter base

One Nation's voter base typically consists of older or middle-aged white voters in small rural towns, often from a working-class background.^[126]

One Nation has historically performed best in regions where the Labor Party once performed well in, but in recent years have been trending more to the right over policies regarding mining and climate change. The regions where One Nation has seen the most electoral success are the Central Queensland, Darling Downs and Wide Bay–Burnett regions of Queensland and the Hunter Valley region of New South Wales, all of which are working-class regions that have historically relied on coal mining as part of their local economy, and all were once strongholds for the Labor Party.

Election results

Federal

Election year	House of Representatives				Senate
	votes	% votes	seats	+/–	votes	% votes	seats	overall seats	+/–
1998	936,621	8.43		0	1,007,439	8.99			1
2001	498,032	4.34		0	644,364	5.54			0
2004	139,956	1.19		0	206,445	1.73			1
2007	32,650	0.26		0	52,708	0.42			0
2010	27,184	0.22		0	70,672	0.56			0
2013	22,046	0.17		0	70,851	0.53			0
2016	175,020	1.29		0	593,013	4.28			4
2019	438,587	3.08		0	788,203	5.40			2
2022	727,464	4.96		0	644,744	4.29			0

New South Wales

Legislative Assembly

Election year	of overall votes	% of overall vote	of overall seats	+/–
1999	281,147	7.53		0
Party did not contest elections between 2003 (see One Nation NSW) and 2015
2019	49,948	1.10		0
2023	84,683	1.80		0

Legislative Council

Election year	of overall votes	% of overall vote	of overall seats	+/–
1999	225,668	6.34		1
Party did not contest elections between 2003 (see One Nation NSW) and 2015
2019	306,933	6.90		2
2023	273,496	5.92		1

Victoria

Legislative Assembly

Election year	of overall votes	% of overall vote	of overall seats	+/–
1999	8,181	0.29		0
Party did not contest 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 or 2018 state elections
2022	10,323	0.28		0

Queensland

Legislative Assembly

Election year	of overall votes	% of overall vote	of overall seats	+/–
1998	439,121	22.68		11
2001	179,076	8.69		8
2004	104,980	4.88		2
2006	13,207	0.60		0
2009	9,038	0.38		1
2012	2,525	0.10		0
2015	24,111	0.92		0
2017	371,193	13.73		1
2020	204,316	7.12		0

Western Australia

Legislative Assembly

Election year	of overall votes	% of overall vote	of overall seats	+/–
2001	98,321	9.58		0
2005	17,580	1.64		0
Party did contest Assembly in 2008, Party did not contest 2013 state election
2017	65,192	4.93		0
2021	17,824	1.26		0

Legislative Council

Election year	of overall votes	% of overall vote	of overall seats	+/–
2001	103,571	9.88		3
2005	17,435	1.59		3
2008	7,012	0.63		0
Party did not contest 2013 state election
2017	110,480	8.19		3
2021	21,259	1.48		3

South Australia

House of Assembly

Election year	of overall votes	% of overall vote	of overall seats	+/–
2002	22,833	2.41		0
2006	2,591	0.28		0
Party did not contest 2010, 2014 or 2018 state elections in the House of Assembly
2022	28,664	2.63		0

Legislative Council

Election year	of overall votes	% of overall vote	of overall seats	+/–
2002	16,829	1.80		0
2006	7,559	0.81		0
2010	4,972	0.51		0
Party did not contest 2014 or 2018 state elections in the Legislative Council
2022	46,051	4.23		1

Maps

Leaders

Federal

Unlike the Queensland state leadership, the changes of the federal leadership of the party were largely undocumented (besides Hanson's terms), due to previously having low media attention and confusion of branch leadership within the party.

The party has faced de-registration change of leadership, and reformatting since its creation. This list comprises the leaders, most distinguished, of the party.

In August 2017, the party's constitution was changed so that Hanson would be party President for as long as she may wish, and to choose her successor, who may also continue until resignation.^[127]

No.	width=60	Image	Name	Term start	Term end	Office	Notes
1		Pauline Hanson	11 April 1997	5 August 2002	MP for Oxley	First leadership
2		John Fischer	5 August 2002	1 June 2004	MLC for Mining and Pastoral	Resigned, leader of WA branch (2001–2004)
3		Ian Nelson	6 September 2008	31 March 2010		Former party president and treasurer^[128]
4		Jim Savage	13 May 2013	18 November 2014		Former executive and president of Queensland branch^[129]
(1)		Pauline Hanson	18 November 2014	Incumbent	Senator for Queensland	Second leadership

New South Wales

width=2%	No.	Leader	Term of office		Office (or previous office)	Notes
1	David Oldfield			MLC (1997–2007) Alderman for Manly (1991–1999)	Party executive, leader of breakaway party, One Nation NSW (2000–2004)
2	Mark Latham			MP for Werriwa (1994–2005) MLC (2019–present) Labor Leader (2003–2005)	Resigned from party after removal as state leader, position currently vacant
3	Tania Mihailuk			Mayor of Bankstown (2006–2011) MLC (2023–present) MLA for Bankstown (2011–2023)

Oldfield was elected to New South Wales parliament in 1999, but left One Nation in 2000, he then formed a splinter party called One Nation NSW, which he led until 2004 when he resigned. Oldfield remained an independent in the legislative council until 2007, when he did not seek re-election.

Queensland

width=2%	No.	Leader	Term of office		Office (or previous office)	width=2%	Notes
1	Pauline Hanson			MP for Oxley (1996–1998) Senator for Queensland (2016–present) City of Ipswich Councillor (1994–1997)
2	Heather Hill			Senator for Queensland (1998–1999)	Disqualified from Senate in 1999
3	Bill Feldman			MLA for Caboolture (1998–2001)	Inaugural Qld. parliamentary leader, resigned from party, leader of breakaway party, City Country Alliance (1999–2001)
4	Bill Flynn			MLA for Lockyer (2001–2004)	Defeated at election
5	Rosa Lee Long			MLA for Tablelands (2001–2009)	Defeated at election
6	Steve Dickson			MLA for Buderim (2009–2017)	Position currently vacant

South Australia

width=2%	No.	Leader	Term of office		Office (or previous office)	width=2%	Notes
1	Jennifer Game

Australian Capital Territory

width=2%	No.	Leader	Term of office		Office (or previous office)	width=2%	Notes
1	Shaun Nelson			MLA for Tablelands (1998–2001)
2	Chris Spence			MLA for The Entrance (2011–2015)	Position currently vacant

Tasmania

width=2%	No.	Leader	Term of office		Office (or previous office)	width=2%	Notes
1	Steve Mav				Position currently vacant

Victoria

width=2%	No.	Leader	Term of office		Office (or previous office)	width=2%	Notes
1	Rikkie-Lee Tyrrell			MLC for Northern Victoria (2022–present)	^[130]

Western Australia

width=2%	No.	Leader	Term of office		Office (or previous office)	width=2%	Notes
1	John Fischer			MLC for Mining and Pastoral Region (2001–2005)
2	Colin Tincknell			MLC for South West Region (2017–2021)
3	Rod Caddies				^[131]

Members of parliament

Current MPs

New South Wales

• Tania Mihailuk MLC (2023–present)

Victoria

• Rikkie-Lee Tyrrell MLC (Northern Victoria, 2022–present)

South Australia

• Sarah Game MLC (2022–present)

Western Australia

• Ben Dawkins MLC (South West, 2024–present)

Former MPs

Federal Parliament

• Senator Heather Hill (Queensland, 1998–1999), elected in 1998 and retrospectively disqualified in 1999 after being found ineligibile due to her dual citizenship
• Senator Len Harris (Queensland, 1999–2005), appointed after the disqualification of Heather Hill
• Senator Brian Burston (New South Wales, 2016–2017), elected at the 2016 election, resigned after falling out with Pauline Hanson and joined the United Australia Party in 2017
• Senator Rod Culleton (Western Australia, 2016-2016), elected at the 2016 election but retrospectively disqualified after being found to have had a larceny charge in New South Wales at the time of the election, later established the Great Australian Party
• Senator Peter Georgiou (Western Australia, 2017–2019), appointed after the disqualification of Rod Culleton, defeated at 2019 election
• Senator Fraser Anning (Queensland, 2017–2019), appointed after the disqualification of Malcolm Roberts, Anning left the party the same day he was sworn in, later became an Independent and then formed his own party Conservative National Party

New South Wales

• David Oldfield MLC (1999–2007), formed One Nation NSW in 2000, but became an independent in 2004
• Mark Latham MLC (2019–2023), left the party after being removed as state leader, became an independent
• Rod Roberts MLC (2019–2023), joined his colleague Mark Latham in leaving the party, becoming an independent

Queensland

• Bill Feldman MLA (Caboolture, 1998–2001), formed City Country Alliance in 1999, leader of One Nation in Queensland from 1998 to 1999
• Jeff Knuth MLA (Burdekin, 1998–2001), became an independent in 1999, formed Country Party Queensland later that year, and joined the City Country Alliance in 2000, rejoined One Nation in 2014, parliamentary whip of One Nation from 1998 to 1999
• Dorothy Pratt MLA (Barambah 1998–2001), later Nanango, 2001–2012, became an independent in 1999
• Harry Black MLA (Whitsunday, 1998–2001), joined City Country Alliance in 1999
• David Dalgleish MLA (Hervey Bay, 1998–2001), joined City Country Alliance in 1999
• John Kingston MLA (Maryborough, 1998–2003), became an independent in 1999
• Shaun Nelson MLA (Tablelands, 1998–2001), became an independent in 1999
• Jack Paff MLA (Ipswich West, 1998–2001), joined City Country Alliance in 1999
• Peter Prenzler MLA (Lockyer, 1998–2001), joined City Country Alliance in 1999
• Charles Rappolt MLA (Mulgrave, 1998-1998), resigned from parliament
• Ken Turner MLA (Thuringowa, 1998–2001), became an independent in 1999
• Bill Flynn MLA (Lockyer, 2001–2004), leader of One Nation in Queensland from 2001 to 2004
• Elisa Roberts MLA (Gympie, 2001–2006), became an independent in 2002
• Rosa Lee Long MLA (Tablelands, 2001–2009), leader of One Nation in Queensland from 2002 to 2009, national leader of One Nation from 2004 to 2013
• Steve Dickson MLA (Buderim, 2017–2017), defected from the Liberal National Party in January 2017, was defeated at election
• Stephen Andrew MLA (Mirani, 2017–2024), resigned from One Nation after he was not endorsed as their candidate for his electorate

Western Australia

• John Fischer MLC (Mining and Pastoral, 2001–2005), became an independent in 2004, leader of One Nation in Western Australia from 2001 to 2004, national leader of One Nation from 2002 to 2004
• Frank Hough MLC (Agricultural, 2001–2005), became an independent in 2004, joined New Country Party later that year, leader of One Nation in Western Australia from 2004 to 2004
• Paddy Embry MLC (South West, 2001–2005), became an independent in 2003, joined New Country Party in 2004
• Charles Smith MLC (East Metropolitan, 2017–2019), became an independent in 2019 then joined the Western Australia Party, continuing his service as MLC until 2021
• Colin Tincknell MLC (South West, 2017–2021), defeated at election
• Robin Scott MLC (Mining and Pastoral, 2017–2021), defeated at election

Donors

A 2019 report found that Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party had received over $6,000 in disclosed donations from pro-gun groups during the 2011–2018 period, with concerns these donations threatened to compromise Australia's safety by undermining gun control laws.^[132] The Queensland branch of the party received $17,000 from the agriculture sector (meat and sugar industry) between 2016 and 2021, totaling less than one percent of all publicly declared political donations during that period;^[133] the state's two major parties (Labor, Liberal National) made up 85% of total publicly declared political donations, receiving $358,270 and $1,451,991, respectively.^[133] The North Queensland-based Katter's Australian Party received over $280,000.^[133]

See also

• Hansonism
• Conservatism in Australia
• Pauline Hanson's One Nation – South Australia
• Pauline Hanson's One Nation – New South Wales
• True Blue Crew, a far-right group whose members have been involved with Pauline Hanson's One Nation^[134]

Further reading

• Abbott, Tony; Adams, Phillip; Brett, Judith; Brunton, Ron; Fraser, Malcolm; Goot, Murray; Grattan, Michelle; Kelly, Paul; Kingston, Margo; Lake, Marilyn; McGuinness, P.P.; Reynolds, Henry; Richardson, Graham; Rothwell, Nicolas; Sheridan, Greg; Wooldridge, Michael; (1998), Two Nations. The Causes and Effects of the Rise of the One Nation Party in Australia, Bookman Press, Melbourne (Victoria) .
• Balson, Scott (2000), Inside One Nation. The inside story on a people's party born to fail, Interactive Presentations, Mt Crosby News, Queensland. .
• Campbell, Graeme and Uhlmann, Mark (1995), Australia Betrayed. How Australian democracy has been undermined and our naive trust betrayed, Foundation Press, Victoria Park, Western Australia. .
• Davis, Rex and Stimson, Robert (1998), 'Disillusionment and disenchantment at the fringe: explaining the geography of the One Nation Party vote at the Queensland election,' People and Place, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 69–82.
• Dodd, Helen J (1997). Pauline. The Hanson Phenomenon, Boolarong Press, Moorooka, Queensland. .
• Ettridge, David (2004), Consider Your Verdict, New Holland Publishers, Frenchs Forest, New South Wales. .
• Grant, Bligh (ed.) (1997), Pauline Hanson. One Nation and Australian Politics, University of New England Press, Armidale, New South Wales. .
• Hanson, Pauline (2007), Untamed and Unashamed – Pauline Hanson's autobiography, Jo-Jo Publishing, Docklands, Victoria. .
• Jayasuriya, Laksiri and Pookong, Kee (1999), The Asianisation of Australia? Some Facts about the Myths, Melbourne University Press, Carlton South, Victoria.
• Jupp, James (1998), 'Populism in the land of Oz,' in Meanjin, Vol.57, No.4, pp. 740–747.
• Kingston, Margo (1999), Off the Rails. The Pauline Hanson Trip, Allen and Unwin, St Leonards, New South Wales. .
• Leach, Michael; Stokes, Geoffrey; Ward, Ian; (eds.) (2000), The Rise and Fall of One Nation, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, Queensland. .
• Mackay, Hugh (1999), Turning Point. Australians Choosing Their Future, Pan Macmillan, Sydney, New South Wales, Ch. 24, 'Xenophobia and Politics. Why Hanson was good for us.' .
• Merritt, George J (1997), Pauline Hanson. The Truth, St George Publications, Parkholme, South Australia. .
• Pasquarelli, John (1998), The Pauline Hanson Story by the Man Who Knows, New Holland Publishers, Frenchs Forest, New South Wales. .

External links

• One Nation official website
  • New South Wales state division
  • Queensland state division
  • Western Australia state division
• Inside One Nation
• How the Victorian branch imploded

Notes and References

1. Web site: Party registration decision: Pauline Hanson's One Nation (NSW Division) . Australian Electoral Commission . 21 June 2005 . Pauline Hanson's One Nation, which was federally registered on 27 June 1997, and voluntarily deregistered on 8 February 2005..
2. News: Uma Patel . Pauline Hanson: One Nation party's resurgence after 20 years of controversy . ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) . 11 July 2016 . 8 January 2017 . 12 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160812160351/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-10/timeline-rise-of-pauline-hanson-one-nation/7583230 . live .
3. Web site: Patel . Uma . Pauline Hanson: One Nation party's resurgence after 20 years of controversy . ABC NEWS . 10 July 2016 . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 4 November 2020 . 7 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201107224928/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-10/timeline-rise-of-pauline-hanson-one-nation/7583230?nw=0 . live .
4. Web site: Sengul . Kurt . Mick Tsikas/AAP Pauline Hanson built a political career on white victimhood and brought far-right rhetoric to the mainstream . The Conversation . 22 June 2020 . 5 November 2020 . 8 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108062153/https://theconversation.com/pauline-hanson-built-a-political-career-on-white-victimhood-and-brought-far-right-rhetoric-to-the-mainstream-134661 . live .
5. Web site: Malcolm Farnsworth . One Nation's Immigration, Population and Social Cohesion Policy 1998 . 19 September 2017 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20030702185221/http://www.australianpolitics.com/parties/onenation/immigration-policy-98.shtml . 2 July 2003 .
6. Charlton, P. 1998. Full Circle. The Courier-Mail, 13 June 1998.
7. News: One Nation re-emerges on political radar (transcript). PM. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 16 May 2000. 29 March 2019. 30 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190330072001/http://www.abc.net.au/pm/stories/s127439.htm. live.
8. News: Australian Electoral Commission: Notice of registration. Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 9 July 1997. 29 March 2019. GN27. 1880. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406153419/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/240234619. live.
9. Web site: Newman . Gerard . 1998 Queensland Election – Current Issues Brief 2 1998–99 . Parliament of Australia . Australian Government . 4 November 2020 . 4 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201104022304/https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/CIB/cib9899/99CIB02 . live .
10. Book: Wanna, John . Australian Politics and Government: The Commonwealth, the States and Territories . Campbell . Moon . Jeremy . Sharman . Queensland . 2003 . . Cambridge, United Kingdom . 0521825075 . 92 . 26 July 2012 . 18 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230218222009/https://books.google.com/books?id=37Sel9HEYgUC . live .
11. Web site: A loss in Oxley could spell disaster for Labor . The Conversation . 21 August 2013 . 5 November 2020 . 7 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200807132432/https://theconversation.com/a-loss-in-oxley-could-spell-disaster-for-labor-17058 . live .
12. Book: The High Court at the crossroads: essays in constitutional law. Anne. Twomey . Anne Twomey (academic). Adrienne. Stone. George. Williams. 1-86287-371-2. Federation Press. 2000. New South Wales, Australia. Sue v Hill – The Evolution of Australian Independence.
13. News: AEC defends handling of Abbott slush fund – National . Sydney Morning Herald . 2 September 2003 . 8 January 2017 . 22 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170222063812/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/09/02/1062403506222.html . live .
14. Rutherford. Jennifer. One Love Too Many: The Undoing of Pauline Hanson. Australian Journal of Politics and History. June 2001. 47. 2. 192–208. 10.1111/1467-8497.00227.
15. Book: The prosecution of Pauline Hanson and David Ettridge: a report on an inquiry into issues raised in a resolution of Parliament . January 2004 . Crime and Misconduct Commission . 8 January 2017 . 1-876986-21-2 .
16. Web site: First Preferences by Candidate – Queensland. Australian Electoral Commission. 9 November 2005. 7 August 2007. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20070829153803/http://results.aec.gov.au/12246/results/SenateStateFirstPrefs-12246-QLD.htm. 29 August 2007.
17. http://www.abc.net.au/elections/qld/2006/results/tabl.htm 2006 Queensland Election. Electorate Results
18. Web site: 2012 State General Election – Election Summary. https://web.archive.org/web/20120321083632/http://ecq.qld.gov.au/elections/state/State2012/results/summary.html. dead. 21 March 2012. Electoral Commission Queensland. 24 September 2012.
19. News: Pauline Hanson returns to lead One Nation, plans to contest Queensland election. Agius. Kym. 23 November 2014. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 4 August 2021. 18 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190418071951/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-19/pauline-hanson-returns-to-one-nation-helm/5902080. live.
20. Web site: Pauline Hanson misses out on seat of Lockyer after bid for recount rejected. The Courier-Mail. Killoran. Matthew. 13 February 2015.
21. News: Alexander . Cathy . 18 July 2013 . The party's over: which clubs have the most members? . . https://web.archive.org/web/20130721151504/https://www.crikey.com.au/2013/07/18/the-partys-over-which-clubs-have-the-most-members/ . 21 July 2013 .
22. Web site: Hanson Kicks Off her 'Fed Up' Tour Tomorrow . 25 July 2015 . 19 September 2017 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150725122658/http://www.onenation.com.au/hot-topics/hanson-kicks-off-her-fed-up-tour-tomorrow . 25 July 2015 .
23. News: Pauline Hanson's plane to take flight for Fed Up tour. 6 April 2017. Brisbane Times. 16 July 2015. 7 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170407054739/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/pauline-hansons-plane-to-take-flight-for-fed-up-tour-20150716-gidexh.html. live.
24. News: James Ashby joins Pauline Hanson's entourage, as her pilot. 6 April 2017. ABC Sunshine & Cooloola Coasts Qld. 28 July 2015. en-AU. 1 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161201080642/http://www.abc.net.au/local/photos/2015/07/28/4282015.htm. live.
25. Web site: Candidates for the 2016 federal election . 12 June 2016 . 12 June 2016 . . 13 June 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160613080512/http://www.aec.gov.au/election/candidates.htm . live .
26. News: Federal Politics . Coalition and Labor team up to clear out crossbench senators in 2019: SMH 12 August 2016 . Smh.com.au . 12 August 2016 . 8 January 2017 . 6 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161106181819/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/coalition-and-labor-team-up-to-clear-out-crossbench-senators-in-2019-20160812-gqr29k.html . live .
27. News: Knott . Matthew . 'I'm glad to see the back of him': Rod Culleton resigns from Pauline Hanson's One Nation party . 18 December 2016 . The Sydney Morning Herald . 18 December 2016 . 18 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161218193626/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/rod-culleton-resigns-from-pauline-hansons-one-nation-party-20161218-gtdr5j.html . live .
28. Web site: One Nation senator Rod Culleton resigns from party . ABC News . 18 December 2016 . 30 December 2016 . 31 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161231071500/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-12-18/one-nation-senator-rod-culleton-resigns-from-party/8130848 . live .
29. News: Karp. Paul. 'Log off, it's over': One Nation orders candidates back to reality after WA election. 25 March 2017. The Guardian Australia. 17 March 2017. 25 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170325113554/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/mar/18/log-off-its-over-one-nation-orders-candidates-back-to-reality-after-western-australia-election. live.
30. News: One Nation insiders reveal Pauline Hanson's 'brutal dictatorship'. 3 April 2017. ABC News. 3 April 2017. en-AU. 3 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170403005022/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-03/one-nation-accused-of-brutal-dictatorship/8408978. live.
31. Web site: WA politics: Upper House conservative bloc pledges to work with government . ABC News . 18 May 2017 . 19 September 2017 . 26 July 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170726035346/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-05-18/conservative-minor-party-bloc-to-hold-sway-over-wa-upper-house/8538206 . live .
32. News: Hanson says newest senator Fraser Anning has abandoned One Nation. 13 November 2017. ABC News. 13 November 2017. en-AU. 13 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171113005913/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-13/hanson-says-anning-has-abandoned-one-nation/9144142. live.
33. Web site: Brian Burston quits One Nation – and Hanson loses Senate balance of power. Amy. Remeikis. 13 June 2018. the Guardian. 14 June 2018. 14 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180614011019/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/jun/14/brian-burston-quits-one-nation-and-hanson-loses-senate-balance-of-power. live.
34. Web site: Belot . Henry . Yaxley . Louise . Pauline Hanson wears burka to Question Time in the Senate, slammed by George Brandis . ABC News . 17 August 2017 . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 9 November 2020 . 11 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201111211227/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-17/pauline-hanson-wears-burka-to-question-time-in-the-senate/8816886 . live .
35. Web site: 'Anti-white' racism: Australia senators blame 'error' for vote. . 16 October 2018. BBC. 18 October 2018. 18 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181018185109/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-45871407. live.
36. Web site: Mark Latham confirms political comeback with One Nation . McKinnell . Jamie . Sas . Nick . 2018-11-07 . ABC News . en-AU . 2019-03-31 . 4 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190404013816/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-07/mark-latham-joins-pauline-hanson-and-one-nation/10471078 . live .
37. Web site: 'Extraordinary personal triumph': Latham to return after One Nation wins Upper House seat . Trigger . Rebecca . 2019-03-23 . ABC News . en-AU . 2019-03-31 . 23 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190323122428/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-23/mark-latham-wins-nsw-upper-house-seat/10923460 . live .
38. Web site: James Ashby will bring Pauline Hanson 'down in flames', former candidate says . ABC News . 22 May 2017 . 19 September 2017 . 10 September 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170910053440/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-05-22/ashby-will-bring-hanson-down-in-flames-former-candidate-says/8547994 . live .
39. Web site: Leaked recording of One Nation meeting could spark federal investigation . 9news.com.au . 22 May 2017 . 19 September 2017 . 29 September 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170929034411/http://www.9news.com.au/national/2017/05/22/07/35/hanson-chief-s-recording-shocking-hinch . live .
40. Web site: Australian gun laws: One Nation party 'sought NRA money' in US . BBC News . British Broadcasting Corporation . 19 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190326054054/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-47701467 . 26 March 2019 . English . 26 March 2019 . live.
41. News: Charley . Peter . How to sell a massacre: NRA's playbook revealed . 28 March 2019 . . 26 March 2019 . 28 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190328010232/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/sell-massacre-nra-playbook-revealed-190325111828105.html . live .
42. News: Charley . Peter . Australia's One Nation offered 'change to voting system' for cash . 28 March 2019 . . 28 March 2019 . 9 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200909115805/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/australia-nation-offered-change-voting-system-cash-190327170846167.html . live .
43. News: Murphy . Katharine . Karp . Paul . Pauline Hanson to take action over James Ashby and Steve Dickson – but not yet . 28 March 2019 . . 27 March 2019 . 28 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190328011250/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/mar/27/pauline-hanson-to-take-action-over-james-ashby-and-steve-dickson-but-not-yet . live .
44. News: Wolfe . Natalie . One Nation leader Pauline Hanson exposed by hidden camera . 28 March 2019 . . 28 March 2019 . 28 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190328042820/https://www.news.com.au/national/politics/one-nation-leader-pauline-hanson-exposed-by-hidden-camera/news-story/c0da722767bf9dc9798b3119622c5f20 . live .
45. News: Clarke . Melissa . Powerful US gun lobby encouraged One Nation to weaken Australia's strict gun ownership laws . 28 March 2019 . . 27 March 2019 . 28 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190328082750/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-26/nra-encourages-one-nation-to-weaken-australia-gun-laws/10936224 . live .
46. Web site: Hanson . Pauline . I was shocked & disgusted with the Al Jazeera hit piece. A Qatari government organisation should not be targeting Australian political parties. This has been referred to ASIO. After the full hit piece has been released I'll make a full statement & take all appropriate action. -PH . . 28 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190328010116/https://twitter.com/PaulineHansonOz/status/1110717650185785344 . 28 March 2019 . 26 March 2019.
47. News: Crabb . Annabel . One Nation's response to NRA sting gives us a rare look into the secretive party . 28 March 2019 . . 28 March 2019 . 28 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190328051523/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-27/one-nation-nra-sting-look-into-secretive-party/10943936 . live .
48. Web site: O'Connor candidates Q&A . Albany Advertiser . 10 May 2019 . 26 March 2021 . 25 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210325221712/https://www.albanyadvertiser.com.au/news/albany-advertiser/oconnor-candidates-qa-ng-b881202372z . live .
49. Web site: Jason . Mennell . Candidates declare their policies, make promises . Kalgoorlie Miner . 12 May 2019 . 26 March 2021 . 23 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210323000448/https://www.kalminer.com.au/news/kalgoorlie-miner/candidates-declare-their-policies-make-promises-ng-b881193241z . live .
50. Web site: Mann . Alex . Kevin . Nguyen . The Base Tapes: Inside a neo-Nazi recruitment drive in Australia . ABC News . . . 25 March 2021 . 26 March 2021 . 30 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220630223448/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-03-26/the-base-tapes-secret-recordings-australian-recruitment/13255994 . live .
51. News: Law Council wants family law inquiry discontinued after One Nation live broadcast hearings . 28 July 2020 . . 17 March 2020 . en . 8 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108181003/https://www.theguardian.com/law/2020/mar/18/law-council-wants-family-law-inquiry-discontinued-after-one-nation-live-broadcast-hearings . live .
52. Web site: One Nation makes history with first member of SA parliament . 17 November 2022 . 17 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221117111459/https://www.onenation.org.au/one-nation-makes-history-in-sa-parliament . live .
53. Web site: Dawson MP George Christensen quits LNP, joins One Nation to keep 'fighting' in major election twist. The Courier-Mail. McCormack, Madura . 13 April 2022. 13 April 2022.
54. Web site: Candidates A-Z . 8 May 2022 . . en-AU . 15 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220515024840/https://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/sa/2022/guide/candidates . live .
55. Web site: How Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party established a network of "ghost" candidates . . 4 May 2022 . 18 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220517194718/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-05-05/pauline-hanson-one-nation-asked-to-explain-invisible-candidates/101039240/ . 17 May 2022 . live.
56. Web site: 2022-12-12 . One Nation on track to have its first MP in Victorian parliament . 2022-12-19 . the Guardian . en . 14 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221214020701/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/dec/13/one-nation-on-track-to-have-its-first-mp-in-victorian-parliament . live .
57. News: 2022-12-14 . Adem Somyurek, Legalise Cannabis MPs win seats as Victoria's upper house results finalised . en-AU . ABC News . 2022-12-19 . 14 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221214020654/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-12-14/upper-house-results-declared-in-victorian-election/101769578 . live .
58. News: The new names representing regional Victorians. The Weekly Times Now. (subscription required)
59. Web site: Cormack . Tom Rabe, Lucy . 2023-01-17 . Former Labor MP switches to One Nation weeks before NSW election . 2023-01-17 . The Sydney Morning Herald . en . 17 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117084305/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/former-labor-mp-switches-to-one-nation-weeks-before-nsw-election-20230117-p5cd8x.html . live .
60. Web site: Narracan District supplementary election results . 15 August 2023 . 22 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230922235845/https://www.vec.vic.gov.au/results/state-election-results/state-by-elections-timeline/narracan-district-supplementary-election-results . live .
61. News: Dead heat in upper house after NSW election leaves Chris Minns facing 'messy' negotiations . The Guardian . 19 April 2023 . Beazley . Jordyn . Rose . Tamsin . 23 April 2023 . 23 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230423003447/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/apr/19/dead-heat-in-upper-house-after-nsw-election-leaves-chris-minns-facing-messy-negotiations . live .
62. Web site: House of Representatives division information . 15 August 2023 . 12 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230812022029/https://results.aec.gov.au/29422/Website/HouseDivisionPage-29422-159.htm . live .
63. News: Mark Latham dumped as One Nation's NSW leader after intervention from Pauline Hanson . The Guardian . 14 August 2023 . McLeod . Catie . Rose . Tamsin . 14 August 2023 . 14 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230814134347/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/aug/14/mark-latham-dumped-one-nation-nsw-leader-pauline-hanson . live .
64. Web site: Latham quits One Nation, alleges it misspent taxpayers funds. The Sydney Morning Herald. Maddison. Max. 22 August 2023. 22 August 2023. 22 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230822031607/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/latham-quits-one-nation-alleges-it-misspent-taxpayers-funds-20230822-p5dyhg.html. live.
65. 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum
66. Web site: Archived copy . 15 December 2023 . 14 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231214130754/https://www.news.com.au/national/nsw-act/politics/tania-mihailuk-revealed-as-one-nations-new-nsw-leader-after-mark-lathams-shock-exit/news-story/1f23de9b7e0aa4ab0939299c16f0f4d7 . live .
67. Web site: Archived copy . 2 February 2024 . 31 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240131172344/https://www.news.com.au/national/nsw-act/politics/i-dont-trust-you-amanda-brutal-tv-attack-over-stage-3-tax-cuts/news-story/44b8d655cb2decf6a8c8ed8802074e8d . live .
68. Web site: One Nation looks to recruit Craig Kelly in NSW, sources say . 26 February 2024 . 29 February 2024 . 29 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240229060534/https://www.smh.com.au/national/one-nation-looks-to-recruit-craig-kelly-in-nsw-sources-say-20240226-p5f7uv.html . live .
69. Web site: WELCOME: Ben Dawkins in WA . 29 February 2024 . 29 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240229073108/https://www.onenation.org.au/welcome-ben-dawkins-in-wa . live .
70. https://www.theaustralian.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=TAWEB_WRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fcommentary%2Ffeeding-the-chooks%2Fpauline-hanson-dumps-one-nations-stephen-andrew-ahead-of-queensland-election%2Fnews-story%2F8a05da0dee3a97b4a887a34363fce1f3&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21=LOW-Segment-2-SCORE&V21spcbehaviour=append
71. Web site: 9 August 2013 . Ultra-nationalist's car-crash immigration interview . 17 September 2020 . Noosa News . Stephanie Banister, who is hoping to represent the ultra-nationalist One Nation party . 5 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201105063810/https://www.noosanews.com.au/news/ultra-nationalists-car-crash-immigration-interview/1977987/ . dead .
72. Stewart . James . 2 November 2019 . Anti-Muslim hate speech and displacement narratives: Case studies from Sri Lanka and Australia . Australian Journal of Social Issues . 54 . 4 . 418–435 . 10.1002/ajs4.83 . 211418443.
73. Web site: 2013-08-10 . Australian ultra-nationalist politician Stephanie Banister in car . 2022-04-28 . The Independent . en . 28 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220428130623/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/australian-ultranationalist-politician-stephanie-banister-in-car-crash-immigration-tv-interview-8752754.html . live .
74. Web site: Senate count: Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party gets two Queensland senators. 4 August 2016 . The Australian. The populist right-wing party snared four seats after preferences were allocated today... . 1 September 2016.
75. Yilmaz . Ihsan . Morieson . Nicholas . 2021 . A Systematic Literature Review of Populism, Religion and Emotions . Religions . en . 12 . 4 . 15 . 10.3390/rel12040272 . 2077-1444. free . 10536/DRO/DU:30150378 . free .
76. Book: Rural protest groups and populist political parties . 2015 . D. Strijker, G. Voerman, Ida J. Terluin . 978-90-8686-807-0 . Wageningen . 54 . 927168811 . 28 April 2022 . 22 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230222123256/https://www.worldcat.org/title/927168811 . live .
77. News: Daily Telegraph. Anti-immigrant One Nation party shunned in Western Australia poll. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/12/anti-immigrant-one-nation-party-shunned-western-australia-poll/ . 12 January 2022 . subscription . live. 12 March 2017.
78. January 2017 . The American Far-Right Origins of Pauline Hanson's Views on Islam . dead . . https://web.archive.org/web/20170517002119/http://www.tai.org.au/sites/defualt/files/P317%20Far-right%20American%20origins%20of%20One%20Nation's%20views%20on%20Islam.pdf . 17 May 2017 . 24 September 2017.
79. News: 2019-03-26 . Australia's One Nation party accused of seeking NRA money to weaken gun laws . en . Reuters . 2022-04-28 . 28 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220428125121/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-australia-politics-guns-idUSKCN1R7083 . live .
80. Book: Global perspectives on intercultural communication . 2017 . Stephen Michael Croucher . 978-1-317-50652-2 . New York, NY . 60 . 990300244.
81. Book: McNevin, Anne . Contesting citizenship : irregular migrants and new frontiers of the political . 2011 . Columbia University Press . 978-0-231-52224-3 . New York . 73 . 732958118 . 28 April 2022 . 22 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230222123249/https://www.worldcat.org/title/732958118 . live .
82. Book: Martin, Robert . Responsible government in South Australia. Volume two, Playford to Rann 1957–2007 . 2009 . Wakefield . 978-1862548442 . 160 . 957025045 . 28 April 2022 . 22 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230222123254/https://www.worldcat.org/title/957025045 . live .
83. Book: Badcock, Blair . Making sense of cities : a geographical survey . 2014 . 978-0-203-76451-0 . Oxfordshire, England . 880452439.
84. Web site: Kathleen Calderwood . 11 July 2016 . How Pauline Hanson and One Nation have changed over the last 20 years . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 26 October 2021 . 26 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211026215942/https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/latenightlive/pauline-hanson-now-and-then/7586174 . live .
85. • Web site: Jonathan Pearlman . 24 November 2017 . Anti-immigrant One Nation party may make headway in Queensland poll . The Straits Times . 13 May 2018 . 31 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200531012358/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/anti-immigrant-one-nation-party-may-make-headway-in-queensland-poll . live .
    • Web site: McKenna . Mark . 4 April 2000 . First Words: A Brief History of Public Debate on a New Preamble to the Australian Constitution 1991–99 . 9 November 2020 . Parliament of Australia . The only public supporters of Andren's case, albeit with little visibility and with different emphases, were Greens Senator Bob Brown, monarchist Sir Harry Gibbs, sections of the National Party organisation, and the right wing Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party. . 1 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201101123722/https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp9900/2000RP16 . live .
86. Goot . Murray . 2005 . Pauline Hanson's One Nation: Extreme Right, Centre Party or Extreme Left? . Labour History . Liverpool University Press . 89 . 89 . 101–119 . 10.2307/27516078 . 27516078 . Respondents in national surveys did not see One Nation as a party of the Right; rather they saw it more than any other party as a party of extreme Right. . 7 September 2023 . 18 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231118210038/https://www.jstor.org/stable/27516078 . live .
87. • Paxton . Pamela . Mughan . Anthony . 2006 . Anti-Immigrant Sentiment, Policy Preferences and Populist Party Voting in Australia . British Journal of Political Science . Cambridge University Press . 36 . 2 . 341–358 . 10.1017/S0007123406000184 . 4092233 . 154796526 . The result is a path model of voting that allows material and cultural threat to influence policy preferences about how to deal with the 'immigrant problem', and allows both threat and policy preferences to affect voting for the far-right One Nation party in Australia. . 10 November 2020 . 8 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108164348/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4092233 . live .
    • Danny . Ben-Moshe . 2001 . One Nation and the Australian far right . Patterns of Prejudice . 35 . 3 . 24–40 . 10.1080/003132201128811205 . 145077630.
    • Book: Fleming . Andy . The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right . Mondon . Aurelien . April 2018 . Oxford University Press . The Radical Right in Australia.
    • Gibson . Rachel . McAllister . Ian . Swenson . Tami . 2002 . The politics of race and immigration in Australia . Ethnic and Racial Studies . 25 . 2 . 823–844 . 10.1080/0141987022000000286 . 145621790.
    • Web site: Sengul . Kurt . 22 June 2020 . Pauline Hanson built a political career on white victimhood and brought far-right rhetoric to the mainstream . . 5 November 2020 . 8 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108062153/https://theconversation.com/pauline-hanson-built-a-political-career-on-white-victimhood-and-brought-far-right-rhetoric-to-the-mainstream-134661 . live .
    • Web site: Charley . Peter . 27 March 2019 . Australia's One Nation offered 'change to voting system' for cash . 15 June 2019 . . 9 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200909115805/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/australia-nation-offered-change-voting-system-cash-190327170846167.html . live .
    • News: Crowe . David . 18 March 2019 . Political forces unite to reject far right and deny One Nation preferences . en . The Sydney Morning Herald . 29 October 2019 . 20 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201020225958/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/political-forces-unite-to-reject-far-right-and-deny-one-nation-preferences-20190318-p5157t.html . live .
    • Web site: Mendes . Philip . 13 August 2020 . The far-right's wade into the welfare waters . 5 June 2021 . Monash Lens . . 22 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230222123258/https://lens.monash.edu/@politics-society/2020/08/13/1381030?slug=one-nation-and-the-threat-of-far-right-welfare-chauvinism-in-australia . live .
88. Harper . Cathy . 8 May 2019 . The battle of the slogans . Election Watch . en . 24 June 2019 . 24 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190624082429/https://electionwatch.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-battle-of-the-slogans . live .
89. Web site: Australia's Own Brand of Radical Populism. 20 June 2019. 21 November 2020. 25 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201125235836/https://www.fairobserver.com/region/asia_pacific/pauline-hanson-one-nation-australia-populist-politics-news-78645/. live.
90. News: Marr. David. Looking back, and angry: what drives Pauline Hanson's voters. 27 March 2017. The Guardian Australia. 26 March 2017. 27 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170327001411/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/mar/27/looking-back-and-angry-what-drives-pauline-hansons-voters. live.
91. News: Jamie Smyth. Australian firebrand Pauline Hanson marks political return with anti-Muslim speech. 5 July 2016. The Financial Times. 4 July 2016. 11 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160911035914/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/636e4e76-41c7-11e6-9b66-0712b3873ae1.html. live.
92. News: Jean Kennedy. Election 2016: Pauline Hanson's comments could lead to violence, Tim Soutphommasane warns. 5 July 2016. ABC News. 5 July 2016. 31 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161031072202/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-05/pauline-hanson%27s-comments-could-lead-to-violence%3A-soutphommosane/7568608. live.
93. Web site: Nick . Baker . Please explain: The history of Pauline Hanson's One Nation party . ABC . 10 July 2016 . 4 November 2020 . 7 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201107224928/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-10/timeline-rise-of-pauline-hanson-one-nation/7583230?nw=0 . live .
94. Web site: I'm not a racist, says Pauline Hanson. 8 March 2011. 18 November 2020. 3 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210303135542/http://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/im-not-a-racist-says-pauline-hanson-20110309-1bn04.html. live.
95. Osborne . Milton . AUSTRALIA'S ELECTION YEAR: Hansonism and the Asian Financial Crisis . Southeast Asian Affairs . 1999 . 52–64. 1 . 10.1355/SEAA99D .
96. Ben-Moshe . D. . One Nation and the Australian far right . Patterns of Prejudice . July 2001 . 35 . 3 . 24–40 . 10.1080/003132201128811205. 145077630 .
97. Web site: One Nation responds to Pauline Hanson website redirecting to refugee charity . 2023-02-22 . SBS News . en . 22 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230222123241/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/the-feed/article/one-nation-responds-to-pauline-hanson-website-redirecting-to-refugee-charity/tz784iz0x . live .
98. News: Jamie Smyth. 4 July 2016. Australian firebrand Pauline Hanson marks political return with anti-Muslim speech. The Financial Times. 5 July 2016. 11 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160911035914/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/636e4e76-41c7-11e6-9b66-0712b3873ae1.html. live.
99. News: Jean Kennedy. 5 July 2016. Election 2016: Pauline Hanson's comments could lead to violence, Tim Soutphommasane warns. ABC News. 5 July 2016. 31 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161031072202/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-05/pauline-hanson%27s-comments-could-lead-to-violence%3A-soutphommosane/7568608. live.
100. Web site: Immigration . 5 November 2020 . 21 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220221085632/https://www.onenation.org.au/immigration . live .
101. Web site: United Nations and Trade Agreements . 15 December 2021 . 15 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211215054703/https://www.onenation.org.au/united-nations-and-trade-agreements . live .
102. Web site: Bringing Back Australian Values . 5 November 2020 . 21 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201021044521/https://www.onenation.org.au/bringing-back-australian-values . live .
103. Web site: Australian Jobs and Infrastructure . 15 December 2021 . 15 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211215054721/https://www.onenation.org.au/australian-jobs-and-infrastructure . live .
104. Web site: One Nation to back company tax cuts in exchange for funding for 1,000 apprentices . Abc.net.au . 22 March 2018 . 13 May 2018 . 22 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180322111412/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-22/pauline-hanson-strikes-deal-on-company-tax-cuts/9576930 . live .
105. Web site: Pauline Hanson backs corporate tax cuts . 22 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180322082454/http://www.news.com.au/national/breaking-news/pauline-hanson-backs-corporate-tax-cuts/news-story/813cd47c3c084ac01e6611aa29d02aeb . 22 March 2018 . dead .
106. News: Pauline Hanson's One Nation says it will back Coalition's corporate tax cuts – as it happened . The Guardian . 22 March 2018 . 13 May 2018 . 21 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180321232705/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2018/mar/22/coalition-labor-greens-company-tax-cuts-senate-marine-parks-politics-live . live .
107. Web site: Gatwiri . Kathomi . Anderson . Leticia . The Senate has voted to reject critical race theory from the national curriculum. What is it, and why does it matter? . . June 22, 2021 . June 25, 2021 . 23 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210623040849/https://theconversation.com/the-senate-has-voted-to-reject-critical-race-theory-from-the-national-curriculum-what-is-it-and-why-does-it-matter-163102 . live .
108. Web site: Pauline Hanson Moves to Ban Burqa – Voted Down by Out of Touch Politicians. 13 September 2018. 5 November 2020. 19 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200919060400/https://www.onenation.org.au/pauline-hanson-moves-to-ban-burqa-voted-down-by-out-of-touch-politicians/. live.
109. Web site: Citizen Initiated Referenda. 5 November 2020. 21 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201021050752/https://www.onenation.org.au/citizen-initiated-referenda. live.
110. Web site: 23 April 2019. Pauline's bizarre climate change theory. 7 December 2019. NewsComAu. 7 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107232245/https://www.news.com.au/technology/environment/climate-change/pauline-hanson-denies-link-between-humans-and-climate-change/news-story/7209658174e2eed35487e5f67504d78c. live.
111. News: 5 August 2016. New Australia senator claims UN conspiracy. 7 December 2019. 8 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201108112716/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-36972449. live.
112. Web site: Pauline Hanson links same-sex marriage to polygamy. 2022-02-18. SBS News. en. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119001928/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/pauline-hanson-links-same-sex-marriage-to-polygamy. live.
113. News: Bickers. Claire. AAP. 2017-11-27. Hanson's weird claim on gay families. news.com.au. 2022-02-18. 18 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220218154935/https://www.news.com.au/national/politics/pauline-hanson-makes-speech-about-samesex-marriage-in-parliament/news-story/e1620b08e7f2e4e86fcfdca2c624fa99. live.
114. Web site: Pauline Archives. 12 November 2020. 31 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210331114758/https://www.senatorhanson.com.au/tag/pauline/. live.
115. Web site: Pensioners . 15 December 2021 . 15 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211215055718/https://www.onenation.org.au/pensioners . live .
116. News: Phillip Coorey . Scott Morrison wins One Nation backing for $6b in welfare cuts . . 26 October 2016 . 8 January 2017 . 30 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161230160419/http://www.afr.com/news/politics/scott-morrison-wins-one-nation-backing-for-6b-in-welfare-cuts-20161024-gs9q5t . live .
     News: Phillip Coorey . Pauline Hanson sounds budget warning, defends welfare cuts. . Australian Financial Review . 29 October 2016 . 8 January 2017 . 1 January 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170101182140/http://www.afr.com/news/politics/pauline-hanson-sounds-budget-warning-defends-welfare-cuts-20161027-gscnxw . live .
117. Web site: Tax – Foreign Owned Multinationals . 15 December 2021 . 15 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211215060814/https://www.onenation.org.au/tax-foreign-owned-multinationals . live .
118. https://www.theaustralian.com.au/breaking-news/pauline-hansons-vaccine-claim-roasted-onair-during-sky-news-interview/news-story/57efe739a306a7a5cdcf0e8b18e82d99 Pauline Hanson's vaccine claim
119. Web site: 2021-10-14. A One Nation senator has grown his Instagram audience from zero to almost 30,000 by hosting livestreams with anti-vax and wellness influencers. 2022-02-18. Business Insider Australia. en-AU. 26 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211026084231/https://www.businessinsider.com.au/one-nation-malcolm-roberts-anti-vax. dead.
120. Web site: Mark Latham wants the vaccinated exempt from Sydney's lockdown . 21 July 2021 . 22 April 2022 . 8 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211208184300/https://www.2gb.com/mark-latham-wants-the-vaccinated-exempt-from-sydneys-lockdown/ . live .
121. Web site: 2016-09-14. Debunking Malcolm Roberts: the case against a climate science denier. 2022-02-18. the Guardian. en. 17 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220217033636/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/14/debunking-malcolm-roberts-the-case-against-a-climate-science-denier. live.
122. Web site: One Nation senator Malcolm Roberts calls for 'Aus-Exit' from 'monster' United Nations in first speech. 13 September 2016. 26 October 2021. 26 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211026084232/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/one-nation-senator-malcolm-roberts-calls-for-ausexit-from-monster-united-nations-in-first-speech-20160914-grfojm.html. live.
123. Web site: One Nation calls to abolish preferences . 21 March 2024 . 21 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321041225/https://shop.onenation.org.au/blogs/labor-ldp-plan-to-burn-cane-growers/one-nation-calls-to-abolish-preferences . live .
124. Web site: Victorian Campaign Fighting Fund – Pauline Hanson's One Nation . 21 March 2024 . 21 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321041225/https://www.onenation.org.au/election-scam-fighting-fund . live .
125. News: 'My hand on their electoral throat': Druery on One Nation vendetta . ABC News . 4 April 2017 . 21 March 2024 . 21 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221121005027/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-04/preference-whisperer-glenn-druery-one-nation-micro-party-deals/8415276 . live .
126. Web site: Archived copy . 21 March 2024 . 13 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240313130922/http://ianwatson.com.au/pubs/one%20nations%20electoral%20support.pdf . live .
127. News: Pauline Hanson written into One Nation constitution as effective president for life. The Guardian. 13 May 2018. 13 May 2018. 12 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180512232539/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/may/13/pauline-hanson-written-into-one-nation-constitution-as-effective-president-for-life. live.
128. News: Pauline Hanson secures gag order to stop release of secret One Nation recordings . The Guardian . 8 June 2017 . The former One Nation president Ian Nelson says he will not be silenced despite Pauline Hanson securing a temporary legal gag on him releasing secret recordings of her and party officials. . 25 March 2024 . 25 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240325004223/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/jun/08/pauline-hanson-secures-gag-order-to-stop-release-of-secret-one-nation-recordings . live . Robertson . Joshua .
129. Web site: 'Total lack of respect': Former One Nation president to run against his old party in their heartland . The Courier Mail . A former executive and state party president, Mr Savage contested the 2017 state election as One Nation’s candidate for Lockyer, polling just 1.44 per cent behind the LNP victor Jim McDonald in first preferences. . 25 March 2024 . 25 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240325004223/https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/queensland-government/total-lack-of-respect-former-one-nation-president-to-run-against-his-old-party-in-their-heartland/news-story/a9e621643c0119339e0c74edcb5ad7b7 . live .
130. Web site: One Nation leader for Victoria promises more for northern Victorians . 3 December 2023 . 2 March 2024 . 2 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240302021547/https://www.riverineherald.com.au/news/one-nation-leader-for-victoria-promises-more-for-northern-victorians/ . live .
131. Web site: WA becomes fifth state with One Nation in Parliament . Twitter . . I want to acknowledge the instrumental role played by our WA state leader Rod Caddies bringing Ben into the fold. . 29 February 2024 . 29 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240229042557/https://twitter.com/PaulineHansonOz/status/1763034010312474629 . live .
132. Web site: Gun lobby's 'concerted and secretive' bid to undermine Australian laws. Knowles. Lorna. Blucher. Alex. 2019-03-27. ABC News. en-AU. 2019-07-15. 2 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200402162805/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-27/australian-gun-lobby-as-well-organised-as-nra-report-finds/10940384. live.
133. Russell . Cherie . Binte Hussain . Nural Amanina . Sievert . Katherine . Cullerton . Katherine . July 2023 . Who is donating to political parties in Queensland, Australia? An analysis of political donations from the food industry . . . 26 . 7 . 1502, 1504, 1505 . 10.1017/S1368980023000435 . 36855788 . 10346088 .
134. Web site: Begley . Patrick . banned from Facebook after posting Islamophobic messages in the wake of the Christchurch massacre. . The Age . Nine . 4 May 2019 . 4 May 2019 . 4 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190504160554/https://www.smh.com.au/national/one-nation-candidate-attended-extremist-event-used-volunteer-member-20190504-p51k3p.html . live .