Olympics on ABC commentators explained

The following is a list of commentators that were featured in the American Broadcasting Company's (ABC) television coverage of the Olympic Games from the its first Olympic Games, the 1964 Winter Olympics through the 1988 Winter Olympics, its final Olympic telecast to date.

Hosts

Winter Olympic Games

YearPrime-Time HostDaytime Host(s)Late-Night Host(s)
1964Jim McKay[1] [2]
1968
1976Jim McKay[3]
1980Jim McKay[4] [5]
1984Jim McKayJim Lampley[6]
Kathleen Sullivan[7] [8] 		Donna de Varona[9] [10]
1988Jim McKay[11] [12] [13]
Keith Jackson[14] [15] 		Keith Jackson[16] Frank Gifford[17]
Kathie Lee Gifford[18]

Summer Olympic Games

YearPrime-Time HostDaytime Host(s)Late-Night Host(s)
1968Chris Schenkel[19]
1972Chris Schenkel[20]
1984Jim McKay[21] Frank Gifford[22]
Kathleen Sullivan[23] 		Jim Lampley[24]
Donna de Varona[25]

By event

Winter Olympics

1964

EventPlay-by-playColor commentator(s)
SkiingJim McKay[26] Andrea Mead Lawrence[27]
Willy Schaeffler[28]
Figure SkatingDick Button[29] Carol Heiss[30]
BobsledStan Benham[31]
Ice hockeyCurt Gowdy[32]
Speed skating

Jim McKay,[33] Curt Gowdy,[34] and Jim Simpson[35] were the only play-by-play announcers that were utilized by ABC throughout the 1964 Winter Olympics.

Beginning in 1962, Dick Button worked as a figure skating analyst for ABC Sports, which had acquired the rights to the United States Figure Skating Championships as well as the 1962 World Figure Skating Championships. During ABC's coverage of figure skating events in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, Button became the sport's best-known analyst, well known for his frank and often caustic appraisal of skaters' performances. He won an Emmy Award in 1981 for Outstanding Sports Personality – Analyst. Although other U.S. television networks aired the Winter Olympics from the 1990s onward, Button still appeared on ABC's broadcasts of the U.S. and World Figure Skating Championships until ABC removed them from its broadcast schedule in 2008.

According to writer and figure skating historian Ellyn Kestnbaum, Button "in effect educated [an] entire generation in how to watch skating", viewers who had never viewed the sport as live spectators before seeing it on television.[36]

1968

EventPlay-by-playColor commentator(s)
SkiingJim McKay
Figure SkatingChris Schenkel[37] Dick Button[38]
HockeyCurt Gowdy[39]
Ski JumpingArt Devlin[40]

1976

EventPlay-by-playColor commentators
SkiingFrank Gifford[41] Bob Beattie[42]
Karl Schranz[43]
Figure SkatingChris Schenkel[44] Dick Button[45]
HockeyCurt Gowdy[46] Brian Conacher
BobsledCurt Gowdy[47] Paul Lamey[48]
LugeJackie StewartPaul Lamey
Ski JumpingArt Devlin[49] [50]
Speed SkatingWarner Wolf[51] Anne Henning[52]
FeaturesJim Lampley[53]
Pierre Salinger[54] [55]

ABC Sports hired Bob Beattie as a ski-racing commentator, where he was frequently paired with Frank Gifford, a former NFL running back. Beattie's television work included alpine commentary during ABC's coverage of four Winter Olympics in 1976, 1980, 1984,[56] and 1988,[57] and also covered volleyball at the 1984 Summer Olympics.[58] He later worked as ABC's winter sports correspondent, which also involved non-alpine sports,[59] and occasionally worked as an announcer for non-winter sports on ABC's Wide World of Sports program.[60]

1980[61] [62]

EventPlay-by-playColor commentatorsReporters
Opening Ceremony
Figure SkatingJim McKay[63] Dick Button[64]
Speed SkatingKeith Jackson[65] Sheila Young Ochowitz[66]
HockeyAl MichaelsKen Dryden[67]
SkiingFrank Gifford[68] Bob Beattie[69]
Susie Patterson[70]
BobsledCurt Gowdy[71]
Jackie Stewart		Paul Lamey[72]
Cross CountryBill Flemming[73] Peter Graves[74]
Ski JumpingChris Schenkel[75] Art Devlin[76]
LugeCurt Gowdy[77] Bill Caterino[78]
Closing CeremonyJim McKay[79]
FeaturesJim Lampley[80]
Don Meredith[81]

One of Al Michaels's more famous broadcasts were of the 1980 Winter Olympics ice hockey medal round match between the United States and the Soviet Union, and the attempted third game of the 1989 World Series.

In 1980, an unheralded group of college ice hockey players from the United States won the gold medal at the Olympic Winter Games. The medal round match on February 22—which, contrary to popular belief, did not yet assure the team of the gold medal—was of particular interest, as it was played against a heavily favored professional squad from the Soviet Union, and was in front of an incredibly excited pro-American crowd in Lake Placid, New York. Michaels's memorable broadcast of this game, including his interjection—"Do you believe in miracles? YES!"—as time expired on the 4–3 U.S. victory, earned the game the media nickname of The Miracle on Ice.

Most assume that the game was broadcast live (indeed, CTV, which held Canadian rights to the game, aired it live); but in reality, the game started at 5:05 p.m. Eastern Standard Time and ABC decided against pre-empting local and network news (on the East Coast) to carry the game live. Instead, most of it—including the entire third period—was broadcast within the regularly scheduled, prime-time telecast from 8:30 to 11 p.m. Eastern time (and on a six-and-a-half-hour delay on the West Coast from 8:30 to 11 p.m. Pacific Standard Time). Despite being on tape, the game was one of the highest-rated programs of the 1979–80 television season and remains the most-watched ice hockey game in the history of American television.[82]

Michaels, along with broadcasting partner Ken Dryden, recreated their Olympic commentary in the 2004 movie Miracle. Although Michaels and Dryden recreated the bulk of their commentary for the film, the closing seconds of the game against the Soviet Union used the original ABC Sports commentary from 1980. Gavin O'Connor, the director of Miracle, decided to use the last 10 seconds of Michaels's original "Do you believe in miracles? YES!" call in the film because he felt he couldn't ask him to recreate the emotion he experienced at that moment. Thus they cleaned up the recording to make the transition to the authentic call as seamless as possible.

Immediately before Mike Eruzione's game-winning goal for the US, Dryden expressed his concern that the team was "depending a little bit too much" on goaltender Jim Craig after Craig had just made "too many good saves."

Michaels later recalled, "When I look back, obviously Lake Placid would be the highlight of my career. I can't think of anything that would ever top it. I can't dream up a scenario."

Michaels was only on this particular assignment because he had done one hockey game,[83] eight years prior. The game in question was the gold medal game (the Soviet Union vs. Czechoslovakia) of the 1972 Winter Olympics (on NBC) in Sapporo, Japan. Other announcers on the ABC Sports roster such as Keith Jackson, Frank Gifford, and Howard Cosell had never done a hockey game before. Michaels recalled this during a Real Sports interview in January 2009. Michaels also apparently beat out WABC-AM and New York Islanders commentator George Michael for the assignment.[84]

Two days later, Michaels would broadcast the gold medal game, in which the U.S. defeated Finland, closing the game out by declaring "This impossible dream comes true!"

Al Michaels continued serving as ABC's lead play-by-play announcer for their ice hockey coverage for their next two Winter Olympics, both with Dryden, the lead color commentator. In 1984 from Sarajevo, Mike Eruzione, who was the captain of the gold medal-winning United States ice hockey team from 1980, primarily worked with Don Chevrier. For ABC's final Winter Olympics four years later, Eruzione was this time, paired with Jiggs McDonald.

1984

EventPlay-by-playColor commentatorsReporters
BobsledTim Brant[85] John Morgan[86]
Ski JumpingKeith Jackson[87] Jay Rand[88]
Cross CountryJack Whitaker[89] Jack Turner[90] Diana Nyad
Alpine SkiingFrank Gifford[91]
Jim Lampley (women's downhill)		Bob Beattie[92]
Cindy Nelson[93] (women's downhill)
LugeSam Posey[94] Jeff Tucker[95]
Figure SkatingAl Michaels[96]
Jim Lampley		Peggy Fleming[97] and Dick Button[98]
Ice HockeyAl Michaels[99]
Don Chevrier[100] 		Ken Dryden[101]
Mike Eruzione[102]
Speed SkatingKeith Jackson[103]
Don Chevrier[104] (men's 5000)		Eric Heiden[105]
FeaturesHughes Rudd[106]
Ray Gandolf
Jim Lampley[107]
Dick Schaap[108]
Anne Simon
Terre Blair
Barbara Kolonay[109]

1988

EventPlay-by-playColor commentatorsReporters
Opening CeremonyJim McKayPeter Jennings[110]
SkiingAl Trautwig[111] Bob Beattie[112] Jack Edwards[113]
BiathlonMike Adamle[114] Keri Swenson[115]
BobsledLynn Swann[116] John Morgan[117]
Cross CountryMike Adamle[118] Bill Koch[119]
Figure SkatingJim McKay[120] Dick Button[121] and Peggy Fleming[122] David Santee[123] and Jack Whitaker
FreestyleTim McCarver[124] Jeff Chumas[125]
Ice HockeyAl Michaels[126]
Jiggs McDonald[127] 		Ken Dryden[128]
Mike Eruzione[129]
LugeSam Posey[130] Jeff Tucker[131]
Nordic CombinedChris SchenkelGreg Windsperger
Nordic SkiingMike AdamleBill Koch
RodeoCurt Gowdy[132] Larry Mahan
Short TrackKeith JacksonLydia Stephans[133]
Ski JumpingChris SchenkelJeff Hastings[134]
SpeedskatingGary Bender[135] Eric Heiden[136]
Closing CeremonyJim McKayPeter Jennings
FeaturesDonna de Varona[137]
Becky Dixon[138]
Jim Hill[139]
Tim McCarver[140]
Jack Whitaker[141] (essayist)
Dan Dierdorf[142]
Cheryl Miller[143]

Summer Olympics

1968

EventPlay-by-playColor commentators
Opening CeremonyPeter Jennings
Track & FieldJim McKayHayes Jones
Parry O'Brien
Jim Beatty
SwimmingBill FlemmingMurray Rose[144] (men)
Donna de Varona[145] (women)
DivingKen Sitzberger
BasketballBill FlemmingJack Twyman
GymnasticsTom Maloney[146]
BoxingHoward Cosell
RowingBud PalmerBill Stowe[147]
Closing CeremonyPeter Jennings

1972

EventPlay-by-playColor commentators
Opening CeremonyJim McKay
Track & FieldJim McKay[148] Bill Toomey (400m races)
Marty Liquori[149] [150] (150m and 800m races)
Erich Segal[151] (marathon)
SwimmingKeith Jackson[152] Murray Rose[153] (men)
Donna de Varona[154] (women)
DivingBill FlemmingKen Sitzberger[155] (men)
Micki King (women)
BasketballFrank Gifford[156]
Bill Flemming (filled in for Gifford while he did wrestling)		Bill Russell[157]
GymnasticsJim McKay[158] Gordon Maddux[159]
BoxingHoward Cosell[160]
WrestlingFrank Gifford
RowingBill Stowe[161]

In 1972, NBC showed the Winter Games from Sapporo, Japan, then ABC returned to carry the Summer Games in Munich, Germany. It was during the Summer Games that Palestinian terrorists attacked the Olympic Village and killed 11 Israeli athletes. Although Chris Schenkel was the actual host of the Games that year, Arledge assigned the story to McKay largely because he was a local news anchor in Baltimore, Maryland prior to joining CBS in 1950 and later ABC in 1961. McKay was joined on set by ABC news correspondent (and former and future evening news anchor) Peter Jennings, and coverage continued for many hours, until the outcome was known. Howard Cosell went with the film crew to get interviews in the village.

After an unsuccessful rescue attempt of the athletes held hostage, at 3:24 AM German Time, McKay came on the air with this statement:[162] [163]

McKay later won an Emmy Award for his coverage.[164] He stated in a 2003 HBO documentary about his life and career that he was most proud of a telegram he received from Walter Cronkite the day after the massacre praising his work.

Howard Cosell also played a key role on ABC's coverage of the Palestinian terror group Black September's mass murder of Israeli athletes in Munich at the 1972 Summer Olympics; providing reports directly from the Olympic Village (his image can be seen and voice heard in Steven Spielberg's film about the terror attack).

In the 1976 Summer Games in Montreal, and the 1984 games in Los Angeles, Cosell was the main voice for boxing. Sugar Ray Leonard won the gold medal in his light welterweight class at Montreal, beginning his meteoric rise to a world professional title three years later. Cosell became close to Leonard, during this period, announcing many of his fights.[165]

Keith Jackson was also involved in ABC's coverage of the 1972 Summer Olympics and continued to contribute even when the attack by Palestinian terrorists transformed the coverage from that of a typical sporting event to a greater international and historical news event.[166] In all, he covered a total of 10 Summer and Winter Olympic Games.[167] Jackson covered swimming at the 1972 Summer Olympics and track and field at the 1976 Summer Games. He covered speed-skating during the 1980 Winter Olympics featuring Eric Heiden. He was offered the position of play-by-play for hockey, but turned it down (the position ultimately went to Al Michaels). Jackson called speed skating and ski jumping at the 1984 Winter Olympics. He covered basketball in 1984. He was the weekend afternoon host for ABC's final Olympics in 1988 from Calgary.[168]

Erich Segal was a color commentator for Olympic marathons during telecasts of both the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics.[169] His most notable broadcast was in 1972, when he and Jim McKay called Frank Shorter's gold-medal-winning performance. After an impostor, West German student Norbert Sudhaus, ran into Olympic Stadium ahead of Shorter,[170] an emotionally upset Segal yelled, "That is an impostor! Get him off the track! This happens in bush league marathons! This doesn't happen in an Olympic marathon! Throw the bum out! Get rid of that guy!"[171] When Shorter appeared to be confused by the events, Segal yelled, "come on, Frank, you won it!"[172] and "Frank, it's a fake, Frank!"[173]

Mark Spitz was originally reluctant to swim the 100-meter freestyle, fearing that he would not win the gold medal. Minutes before the race, he confessed on the pool deck to ABC's Donna de Varona, "I know I say I don't want to swim before every event, but this time I'm serious. If I swim six and win six, I'll be a hero. If I swim seven and win six, I'll be a failure." Spitz won by half a stroke in a world-record time of 51.22 seconds.[174]

1976

EventPlay-by-playColor commentators
Track & FieldKeith Jackson[175] O. J. Simpson[176]
Bob Seagren[177]
Brian Oldfield[178]
Marty Liquori[179] (men)
Wyomia Tyus[180] (women)
SwimmingKeith Jackson[181] Mark Spitz[182] (men)
Donna de Varona[183] (women)
DivingKen Sitzberger (men)
Micki King[184] [185] (women)
BasketballFrank Gifford[186]
Curt Gowdy[187] 		Bill Russell[188]
GymnasticsChris Schenkel[189] Gordon Maddux (men)
Cathy Rigby[190] (women)
BoxingHoward Cosell[191]
WrestlingFrank Gifford[192] Ken Kraft[193]
EquestrianChris Schenkel[194]
Jackie Stewart (Filled in for Schenkel when he covered Gymnastics.)		Bill Steinkraus
RowingFrank GiffordFritz Hobbs

In the 1976 Summer Games in Montreal, and the 1984 games in Los Angeles, Howard Cosell was the main voice for boxing. Sugar Ray Leonard won the gold medal in his light welterweight class at Montreal, beginning his meteoric rise to a world professional title three years later. Cosell became close to Leonard, during this period, announcing many of his fights.[195]

FeaturesPierre Salinger[196]
Jim Lampley[197]
Dave Diles[198]

In 1976, ABC Sports employed Pierre Salinger as a features commentator for the network's coverage of the Olympic Winter Games in Innsbruck, Austria, and the Summer Games in Montreal, Quebec.[199]

1984

EventPlay-by-playColor commentatorsReporters
Opening CeremonyJim McKay[200] Peter Jennings[201] Donna de Varona
Track & FieldAl Michaels[202] O. J. Simpson[203] (men's sprints & relays)
Wilma Rudolph[204] (women's sprints)
Renaldo Nehemiah (hurdles)
Marty Liquori[205] (distance)
Dwight Stones[206] (field events)
Jane Frederick (filled in for Stones while he competed in the high jump)		Donna de Varona
SwimmingJim Lampley[207] Mark Spitz[208] [209] (men)
Donna de Varona[210] (women)		Diana Nyad[211]
Synchronized SwimmingDonna de Varona[212] Esther Williams[213]
DivingJack Whitaker[214]
Bill Flemming (filled in for Whitaker while he did gymnastics)		Cynthia Potter[215]
BasketballKeith Jackson[216] Digger Phelps[217] (men)
Ann Meyers[218] (women)
VolleyballBob Beattie[219] Kurt Kilgore[220]
GymnasticsJack Whitaker[221] Gordon Maddux
Cathy Rigby-McCoy[222] (women)
Kurt Thomas[223] (men)		Anne Simon[224]
Rhythmic GymnasticsAl Trautwig[225]
|Gordon Maddux[226]
Cathy Rigby-McCoy[227] |-|Boxing|Howard Cosell[228] |-|Water Polo|Tim Brant[229] |Jim Kruse[230] |-|Rowing|Curt Gowdy[231] |Steve Gladstone[232] |-|Canoeing|Diana Nyad|Jay T. Kearney[233] |-|Wrestling|Curt Gowdy[234] |Russ Hellickson[235] |-|Cycling (Road)|Al Michaels[236] |Greg LeMond
Eric Heiden[237] |-|Cycling (Track)|Bill Flemming[238] |Eric Heiden[239] |-|Baseball (demonstration sport)|Don Chevrier|Jim Palmer|-|Tennis (demonstration sport)|Arthur Ashe[240] |-|Equestrian|Chris Schenkel[241] |Bill Steinkraus[242]
Tad Coffin|-|Fencing|Arthur Ashe[243]
Al Trautwig|-|Soccer|Mario Machado[244] |-|Weightlifting|Lynn Swann[245] |Bruce Wilhelm[246] |-|Handball|Al Trautwig|-|Field Hockey|Al Trautwig[247] |Mike Eruzione[248] |-|Judo|Al Trautwig
Mike Eruzione|-|Shooting|Al Trautwig|- |Closing Ceremony|Jim McKay[249] |Peter Jennings|Donna de Varona|}

In 1984, Dwight Stones[250] became the first athlete to both compete and serve as an announcer at the same Olympics.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: The World Comes Together in Your Living Room: The Olympics on TV. Gallant. Joseph. TV Broadcasting History - Various Articles.
  2. News: Blanton. Tom. February 10, 1976. ABC's Fall From Olympus. The Harvard Crimson. May 16, 2024.
  3. News: Eldridge. Larry. June 8, 2008. From Our Files: A true pro at the Olympics: TV host Jim McKay. The Christian Science Monitor.
  4. News: Williams. Jim. McKay's death resonates across the globe. Washington Examier. May 16, 2024.
  5. News: Fea. John. February 9, 2022. How ABC and the "Miracle on Ice" shaped Olympic television coverage. currentpub.com. May 16, 2024.
  6. News: Stewart. Larry. February 26, 1988. Even More to ABC's Problems at Calgary Than Meets the Eye. Los Angeles Times. May 16, 2024.
  7. News: Hill. Michael E.. July 21, 1984. Kathleen Sullivan / On a Roll With the Olympics. The Washington Post. May 16, 2024.
  8. News: Dowd. Maureen. January 13, 1994. A star's abrupt and painful fall. Tampa Bay Times. May 16, 2024.
  9. Web site: Olympic Winter Games, The XIV, PART 1 (TV). The Paley Center for Media. May 16, 2024.
  10. News: Anderson. Dave. February 20, 1984. 1-2 And Baby Makes 3 . The New York Times. May 16, 2024.
  11. Web site: Jim McKay . 2009-03-05 . 2008-10-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081023021500/http://www.americansportscasters.com/mckay.html . dead .
  12. News: June 7, 2008. Famed broadcaster Jim McKay dies. The Orange County Register. May 16, 2024.
  13. News: Brennan. Christine. June 12, 2008. McKay's Olympics thing of past. The Spokesman-Review. May 16, 2024.
  14. News: Fang. Ken. January 16, 2018. An appreciation of Keith Jackson. Awful Announcing. May 16, 2024.
  15. News: Goldstein. Richard. January 13, 2018. Keith Jackson, Voice of College Football, Dies at 89. The New York Times. May 16, 2024.
  16. Book: Shenher, Lorimer. 31 March 2019. This One Looks Like a Boy: My Gender Journey to Life as a Man. Greystone Books. 978-1-77164-449-5.
  17. News: Fang. Ken. August 10, 2015. Frank Gifford, 1930-2015. Awful Announcing. May 16, 2024.
  18. News: Stewart. Larry. September 14, 1988. Olympics '88: A Preview: NBC Hoping to Tell Story, Not Become It, With Its TV Coverage. Los Angeles Times. May 16, 2024.
  19. Web site: Chris Schenkel On-Air Talent Year Inducted. Sports Broadcasting Hall of Fame. May 16, 2024.
  20. July 18, 1984. You Can't Keep Him Down on the Farm. Sports Illustrated. May 16, 2024.
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  22. News: November 21, 1986. New Role. - Page 9. The Times-News. June 9, 2024.
  23. News: March 19, 1995 . As Kathleen Sullivan covers O. J. Simpson, anything qualifies as entertainment. The Baltimore Sun. May 16, 2024.
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  25. News: Preston. Marilyn. August 2, 1984. Gonzo Harrison Feels Like He Can Do It All By Marii. Ann Preston. Youngstown Vindicator. June 9, 2024.
  26. Book: September 2008. Skiing Heritage Journal Sep 2008. International Skiing History Association. 40.
  27. Web site: 1964 Olympic Slalom: Stiegler, Kidd, Heuga. International Skiing History Association. Commentary by ABC's Jim McKay and Andrea Mead Lawrence.
  28. News: February 7, 1964. Rv Key... Prevewers Recommend These Programs Tonight. - Page 5. Meriden Journal. May 17, 2024.
  29. News: February 4, 1964. Olympic Coverage Begins Monday. - Page 4. The Bryan Times. May 17, 2024.
  30. Book: Lawrence, Kelli. 10 January 2014. Skating on Air: The Broadcast History of an Olympic Marquee Sport. McFarland. 205. 978-0-7864-8544-4.
  31. Web site: Albuquerque Journal Newspaper Archives, Feb 6, 1964, p. .... February 6, 1964. NewspaperArchive. May 17, 2024.
  32. News: February 21, 1980. The Robesonian - Page 10. The Robesonian. June 9, 2024.
  33. News: February 5, 1984. Jim Mckays Olympic Memories. - Page 51. Times Daily. June 10, 2024.
  34. News: August 2, 1992. THE VOICE OF SPORTS FROM FISHING TO THE OLYMPIC GAMES, CURT GOWDY HAS BEEN THE MAN BEHIND THE MIKE FOR 50 YEARS. NOW HE'S SLOWING HIS PACE AT HOME IN PALM BEACH AND RECALLING THE GOOD OLD DAYS.. South Florida Sun-Sentinel. June 10, 2024.
  35. News: Schuldel. Matt. January 13, 2016. [https:/washingtonpost.com/sports/jim-simpson-versatile-sportscaster-who-helped-launch-espn-dies-at-88/2016/01/13/3f79fb90-ba2d-11e5-b682-4bb4dd403c7d_story.html Jim Simpson, versatile sportscaster who helped launch ESPN, dies at 88]. The Washington Post. June 10, 2024.
  36. Kestnbaum, p. 109
  37. News: February 6, 1968. Southwest Times, Volume 65, Number 8, 6 February 1968. Southwest Times. May 17, 2024.
  38. News: Beach. Laura. March 28, 2017. Dick Button: The Olympic Champion On The Art Of Skating. Antiques and The Arts Weekly. May 17, 2024.
  39. News: January 1, 1976. People in Sports. The New York Times. May 17, 2024.
  40. News: February 4, 1968. ...Of Winter Olympics. - Page 39. The Press-Courier . May 17, 2024.
  41. News: Blanton. Tom. February 10, 1976. ABC's Fall From Olympus. The Harvard Crimson. May 26, 2024.
  42. News: Sandomir. Richard. April 3, 2018. Bob Beattie, 85, Olympic Ski Coach and ABC Sports Analyst, Dies. The New York Times. May 26, 2024.
  43. News: February 5, 1976. 80-Mph Race On... - Page 6. Waycross Journal-Herald. May 26, 2024.
  44. News: O'Connor. John J.. February 12, 1976. TV: Olympics as Entertainment and Selling Game. The New York Times. May 26, 2024.
  45. Leggett. William. February 23, 1976. He Was Right on the Button. Sports Illustrated. May 26, 2024.
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  66. News: Atkin. Ross. July 28, 1981. Comeback on skates, bike. The Christian Science Monitor. May 31, 2024.
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  74. News: February 11, 2018. Mission for Graves is to deliver skiing commentary. May 31, 2024.
  75. News: February 21, 1980. The Robesonian - Page 10. The Robesonian. May 31, 2024.
  76. News: Wilner. Barry. February 24, 1980. Abc Confounds Viewers. - Page 8. Lawrence Journal-World. May 31, 2024.
  77. News: Hollman. Ray. February 12, 1980 . Austrian Leonhard Stock Clocks Fastest Time In Downhill ... - Page 19. St. Petersburg Times. May 31, 2024.
  78. News: February 14, 1980. Courier Express, 14 February 1980 — Page 6. Courier Express. May 31, 2024.
  79. News: February 24, 1980. The Victoria Advocate - Page 35. The Victoria Advocate. May 31, 2024.
  80. News: February 18, 1980. Winter Wonderland Abc Coverage Ripped. - Page 9. Eugene Register-Guard. May 31, 2024.
  81. News: Copp. Earle. February 16, 1980. Hockey Action Helps Olympic Telecasts. - Page 34. The Free Lance-Star. May 31, 2024.
  82. Web site: Olympic final most-watched hockey game in 30 years . April 18, 2014 . nhl.com.
  83. News: Hirdt . Steve . July 23, 2021 . Yes, Al, We Do Believe In Miracles . The Analyst .
  84. http://www.nbcumv.com/sports/release_detail.nbc/sports-20090305000000-034i039vebeen.html
  85. News: Alfano. Peter. February 14, 1984. TV SPORTS; UNEVEN WEEK OF COVERAGE AT SARAJEVO. The New York Times. May 27, 2024.
  86. News: Fang. Ken. January 7, 2014. Your 2014 Winter Olympics announcing assignments. Awful Announcing. May 27, 2024.
  87. News: Fang. Ken. January 16, 2018. An appreciation of Keith Jackson. Awful Announcing. May 27, 2024.
  88. News: Flynn. Andy. March 3, 2022. OLYMPIC LEGACY: Wild weather blues. Lake Placid News. May 27, 2024.
  89. Web site: OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES, THE XIV, PART 4 (TV). The Paley Center for Media. May 27, 2024.
  90. Web site: Unique Experience - Elect Jack Turner. electjackturner. May 27, 2024.
  91. News: Alfano. Peter. February 21, 1984. TV SPORTS; FLAG-WAVING AT OLYMPICS. The New York Times. May 27, 2024.
  92. Web site: Bob Beattie (2014) - CU Athletic Hall of Fame. University of Colorado Athletics. May 27, 2024.
  93. News: Goldberg. Dave. February 12, 1984. Olympic Tv Coverage Hasn't Held Public's Interest. Its ... - Page 104. Gadsden Times.
  94. Web site: OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES, THE XIV, PART 2 (TV). The Paley Center for Media. May 27, 2024.
  95. News: Carrns. Ann. August 5, 1996. Former lugers race in real estate. Atlanta Business Journal.
  96. News: Al Michaels. NBC Sports. May 27, 2024.
  97. News: Martzke. Rudy. February 4, 1984. 1984 Winter Olympics rights fees. St. Cloud Times. May 27, 2024.
  98. February 27, 1984. ABC: TOO MANY HOURS, NOT ENOUGH MOMENTS. Sports Illustrated. May 27, 2024.
  99. News: Rosenberg. Howard. February 14, 1984. Olympic Commentator Dick Button Is Lone Romantic Of Sports .... St. Joseph News-Press. May 27, 2024.
  100. News: February 4, 1984. The Albany Herald - Page 9. The Albany Herald. May 27, 2024.
  101. News: December 29, 1984. The Financial Post - Page 24. The Financial Post. May 27, 2024.
  102. News: February 22, 2023. Mike Eruzione, Gold Medalist & "Miracle on Ice" Legend, to be Keynote Speaker at Manufacturers' Association's 117th Annual Event. Lancaster Chamber. May 27, 2024.
  103. News: Kornheiser. Tony. February 10, 1984. ABC's Game, but Show Is Gamey . The Washington Post. May 27, 2024.
  104. News: February 4, 1984. Abc To Begin Record Coverage Of Winter Olympics. - Page 25. Eugene Register-Guard. May 27, 2024.
  105. News: Schwartz. Larry. Eric Heiden was a reluctant hero . ESPN. May 27, 2024.
  106. News: Goldberg. Dave. February 8, 1984. Lavish Abc Production Begins Search For New Olympic Heroes .... Kentucky New Era. May 27, 2024.
  107. Web site: OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES, THE XIV, PART 5 (TV). The Paley Center for Media. May 27, 2024.
  108. Web site: OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES, THE XIV, PART 4 (TV). The Paley Center for Media. May 27, 2024.
  109. News: Yake. D. Byron. February 1, 1984. Sports Psychologist Working To Improve Athletes' Performances .. Gettysburg Times . May 28, 2024.
  110. News: Nelson. John. February 14, 1988. Us Hockey Team Starts Off With Bang, 10-6 Oz. - Page 13. The Press-Courier. May 31, 2024.
  111. News: Stewart. Larry. February 18, 1988. WINTER OLYMPICS : Commentary : For ABC, It's Been Downhill. Los Angeles Times. May 30, 2024.
  112. Web site: Bob Beattie - Emmy Awards, Nominations and Wins. Television Academy. May 30, 2024.
  113. News: Pepin. Matt. November 24, 2014. I'm a skier: Jack Edwards, Bruins play-by-play announcer. The Boston Globe. May 30, 2024.
  114. News: Minkoff. Randy. March 1, 1988. Winter Olympics: McKay Set to Anchor His 11th Olympics. UPI. May 30, 2024.
  115. News: Kupper. Mike. February 25, 1988. WINTER OLYMPICS : BACK FROM THE BIZARRE . . . : Ex-Biathlete Copes With Shooting That Was Not for Sport. Los Angeles Times. May 30, 2024.
  116. News: February 27, 1988. Coverage Of Olympics Begins At Noon On Abc. - Page 4. The Item. May 30, 2024.
  117. News: February 18, 2022. 'I can't retire, I've never had a job'. Adirondack Daily Enterprise.
  118. News: December 23, 1987. Sports Digest. UPI. May 30, 2024.
  119. News: Winfrey. Lee. March 2, 1988. Skating finals grab lion's share of TV viewers. Ocala Star-Banner. May 30, 2024.
  120. Web site: OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES, THE XV, PART 2 (TV). The Paley Center for Media. May 30, 2024.
  121. News: Gross. Laurie. February 24, 1988. Are The Winter Olympics Well Covered By Television? - Page 5. Toledo Blade. May 30, 2024.
  122. News: Winfrey. Lee. March 2, 1988. Hie Witt-Thomas Tussle May Wind Up Being The Most-Watched .... Ocala Star-Banner. May 30, 2024.
  123. News: Schrager. Adam. March 1, 1988. The Michigan Daily - Page 4. The Michigan Daily. May 31, 2024.
  124. News: Nidetz. Steve. December 7, 1990. MCCARVER, ZAHN TO WORK OLYMPICS. Chicago Tribune. May 30, 2024.
  125. Book: February 1988. Ski Feb 1988. 112.
  126. Lidz. Frank. February 15, 1988. THIS MOUTH TALKS BACK. Sports Illustrated. May 30, 2024.
  127. News: January 10, 2022. Jiggs McDonald to serve as Keynote Speaker at 2022 ECHL Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony. Jacksonville Iceman. May 30, 2024.
  128. News: Eds. Gordon. February 17, 1988. WINTER OLYMPICS : Hockey : U.S., Soviets Meet for First Time Since Lake Placid Miracl. Los Angeles Times. May 30, 2024.
  129. News: Eskenazi. Gerald. February 19, 1988. '88 WINTER OLYMPICS: TV SPORTS; ABC Fans the Fire of Of Emotional Game. The New York Times. May 30, 2024.
  130. News: Chad. Norman. March 14, 1988. NBC CAUTIOUS ON PLUNGE INTO DEEP OLYMPIC WATERS. The Washington Post. May 30, 2024.
  131. Web site: OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES, THE XV, PART 1 (TV). The Paley Center for Media. May 30, 2024.
  132. Web site: OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES, THE XV, PART 4 (TV). The Paley Center for Meedia. May 30, 2024.
  133. News: November 28, 2011. Pac-12 Networks Names Murphy-Stephans as GM. Digital Media Wire. May 30, 2024.
  134. News: Zuckerman. Faye. February 23, 1988. Abc's Coverage Questioned. - Page 6. The Telegraph-Herald. May 31, 2024.
  135. NO GOLD FOR ABC. Sports Illustrated. May 30, 2024.
  136. News: Eskenazi. Gerald. March 1, 1988. Abc Coverage Broke Ground. - Page 44. The Spokesman-Review. May 30, 2024.
  137. News: Goodwin. Michael. February 7, 1988. '88 WINTER OLYMPICS; ABC's $309 Million Package: 90 Hours, Three Weekends. The New York Times. May 30, 2024.
  138. Web site: Becky Dixon: Television Broadcaster & First Woman Co .... October 24, 2023. Voices of Oklahoma. May 30, 2024.
  139. News: Hooper. Ernest. February 26, 1988. Olympic Coverage Perfect If The Sound Doesn't Work. - Page 27. Gainesville Sun. May 30, 2024.
  140. News: February 12, 1988. Detroit Free Press from Detroit, Michigan • Page 50. Detroit Free Press. May 30, 2024.
  141. News: Goolsby. Denise. May 31, 2014. WWII Vet Jack Whitaker credits luck for surviving war. Desert Sun. May 30, 2024.
  142. News: November 20, 2013. Dan Dierdorf Retiring From Broadcast Booth After NFL Season. Deadline. May 30, 2024.
  143. Book: Porter, David L.. 30 July 2005. Basketball: A Biographical Dictionary. Bloomsbury. 328. 978-0-313-06197-4.
  144. News: October 9, 1968. Abc Calls Olympic Coverage Tv's Biggest Challenge Ever. - Page 25. Eugene Register-Guard. June 9, 2024.
  145. News: Lord. Craig. July 15, 2020. Donna de Varona Celebrated Her First World Record 60 Years Ago This Day A Trailblazer Just Into Her Teens. Swimming World Magazine. June 9, 2024.
  146. News: October 6, 1968. The Press-Courier - Page 34. The Press-Courier. June 9, 2024.
  147. Web site: Obituary of William Arthur Stowe. MB Clark Funeral Home. June 9, 2024.
  148. News: Schaeffler. Jimmy . July 1, 2022. Jim McKay's Sixth Olympics: Munich 1972. MultichannelNews. May 17, 2024.
  149. News: November 8, 2023. Legendary Miler and Broadcaster Marty Liquori wins 2023 H.D. Thoreau Track & Field Broadcasting Award. May 17, 2024.
  150. News: Scheiber. Dave. June 27, 2000. A Runner's Rhythm. https://web.archive.org/web/20240517081202/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2000/06/27/a-runner-s-rhythm/. dead. May 17, 2024. Tampy Bay Times. May 17, 2024.
  151. News: September 9, 2022. 50 years after winning the Olympic Marathon, Frank Shorter reflects on the games marked by tragedy. WVTF. May 17, 2024.
  152. News: April 28, 2006. Person of the Week: Keith Jackson. ABC News. May 17, 2024.
  153. News: August 27, 1972. The Times from Shreveport, Louisiana • Page 109 . The Times. June 9, 2024.
  154. Book: Clay Large, David. 2012. Munich 1972: Tragedy, Terror, and Triumph at the Olympic Games. Bowman Littlefield. 173. 978-0-7425-6739-9.
  155. News: September 5, 1972. On The Bench. - Page 7. Lawrence Journal-World .
  156. News: Frommer. Fredderic J.. October 19, 2022. 50 years later, the chaotic end of a U.S.-USSR basketball game still stings. The Washington Post.
  157. News: Halberstam. David J.. August 2, 2022. Bill Russell was also an analyst; Play-by-play voices must know the difference between radio and TV. Sports Broadcast Journal. May 17, 2024.
  158. News: Rubin. Bob. July 27, 1984. The Pitch Jumped Off His Your Concentration Especially And .... Reading Eagle. June 9, 2024.
  159. News: Sandomir. Richard. August 22, 2004. Die Was Cast For Broadcasters At the '72 Games. The New York Times. May 17, 2024.
  160. News: May 14, 2021. USA boxer Tim Dement recalls the 1972 Olympic Games Saturday at La. Sports Hall of Fame. Sabine Parish Journal. May 17, 2024.
  161. News: February 11, 2016. Bill Stowe – American Olympic Rowing Champion Dies. Hear The Boat Sing. June 9, 2024.
  162. News: Kelly . Christopher . Modern Munich lives with its contradictions . Statesman.com . 7 January 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110607170043/http://www.statesman.com/life/content/life/stories/travel/01/8MUNICH.html . 7 June 2011 .
  163. News: Abramson . Alan . Black September . Dallas Morning News . 5 September 2002 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20051023111706/http://apse.dallasnews.com/contest/2002/writing/over250/over250.enterprise.second11a.html . 23 October 2005 .
  164. The Tragedy of the Munich Games. DVD. ABC Sports. 2002.
  165. "I Never Played The Game", by Howard Cosell, 1985
  166. http://www.nssahalloffame.com/34/index.aspx NSSA Hall Of Fame: 1986-1995 Inductees
  167. Andrew Krebs, Wide world of Jackson, The Daily Collegian, November 8, 1997.
  168. News: Video . https://archive.today/20130102053744/http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1065699/2/index.htm . dead . January 2, 2013 . CNN . February 9, 1987 . May 7, 2010 .
  169. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/31/opinion/31stracher.html Stracher, Cameron. "Running Without a Narrative," The New York Times, Friday, October 30, 2009.
  170. http://www.colorsport.co.uk/comment/sports-views/Frank-Shorter "Olympic Memories: Munich's Marathon Imposter, Frank Shorter, and the 'Running Boom' of the 1970s," Colorsport, Thursday, May 3, 2012.
  171. Web site: ABC Coverage 1972 Olympic Marathon . YouTube . JohnsAbroad2009 . 0m 3s . August 20, 2016 . December 21, 2021.
  172. Web site: ABC Coverage 1972 Olympic Marathon . YouTube . JohnsAbroad2009 . 0m 45s . August 20, 2016 . December 21, 2021.
  173. Web site: ABC Coverage 1972 Olympic Marathon . YouTube . JohnsAbroad2009 . 1m 0s . August 20, 2016 . December 21, 2021.
  174. Moore, K. Spitz's mark of seven world records in one Olympic meet was equaled by Michael Phelps in 2008 (This was because Phelps's 100-meter butterfly win fell short of the world mark). "Bionic Man." Sports Illustrated. October 23, 1989. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  175. News: Sun. Rebecca. July 30, 2015. Jenner's First Reality Show: 1976 Montreal Olympics. The Hollywood Reporter. May 28, 2024.
  176. News: July 31, 1976. Daytona Beach Morning Journal - Page 5. Daytona Beach Morning Journal. May 28, 2024.
  177. Leggett. William. COMMERCIALIZING THE GAMES. Sports Illustrated. May 28, 2024.
  178. News: July 17, 1976. The Glymp: No No Gold Seen For For Us. With Women's Tract. .... Beaver Country Times. May 28, 2024.
  179. Web site: Marty Liquori * (2022). CSC Academic All-America. May 28, 2024.
  180. Web site: Wyomia Tyus. USA Track & Field. May 28, 2024.
  181. News: Hoffarth. Tom. June 4, 2016. 40 years later, story of U.S., East German Olympic swimmers can be told best in 'The Last Gold'. Los Angeles Daily News. May 28, 2024.
  182. News: June 19, 1976. Four Olympic Stars Signed For Montreal. - Page 7. Youngstown Vindicator. May 28, 2024.
  183. News: Anner. Rosemarie T.. December 26, 2017. Donna de varona. ctpost. May 28, 2024.
  184. News: Gold medalist, others join 2000 Olympics . UK News . September 11, 2000 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060814153420/http://www.uky.edu/PR/UK_News/news91100.html . August 14, 2006 . mdy-all.
  185. Brought To You By... . . July 19, 1976 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121022155711/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,914352-2,00.html . dead . October 22, 2012.
  186. News: July 9, 1976. Kill Games By Withdrawing? Only Abc Can Do That. - Page 10. Star-News. May 28, 2024.
  187. News: Ulman. Howard. February 21, 2006. Sports Voices Mourn The Loss Of Gowdy. By Howard Man - Page 13. Eugene Register-Guard . May 28, 2024.
  188. News: October 8, 1977. Bill Russell Signed By Abc Sports Again - Page 9. Baltimore Afro-American. May 28, 2024.
  189. News: September 13, 2005. Chris Schenkel. Variety. May 28, 2024.
  190. News: Rousselle. Christine. July 18, 2023. On this day in history, July 18, 1976, Nadia Comaneci scores perfect 10 at Summer Olympics. Fox News. May 28, 2024.
  191. Sheppard. R.Z.. August 9, 1976 . VIEWPOINT: The Widest World of Sports. Time. May 28, 2024.
  192. Web site: GAMES OF THE XXI OLYMPIAD, THE, PART 2 (TV). May 28, 2024. The Paley Center for Media. May 28, 2024.
  193. News: Distinguished Member Ken Kraft Passes Away. National Wrestling Hall of Fame. May 28, 2024.
  194. Web site: GAMES OF THE XXI OLYMPIAD, THE, PART 4 (TV). The Paley Center for Media. May 28, 2024.
  195. "I Never Played The Game", by Howard Cosell, 1985
  196. Deford. Frank. August 2, 1976. HIGH WIDE AND HANDSOME. Sports Illustrated. May 28, 2024.
  197. News: GAMES OF THE XXI OLYMPIAD, THE : ONE LAST LOOK (TV). The Paley Center for Media. May 28, 2024.
  198. News: November 6, 1977. Dave Diles. Tv Personality, Author To Speak At Wahama Banquet.. The Daily Sentinel . May 28, 2024.
  199. News: Pierre Salinger, Press Secretary to Kennedy, Dies at 79 . The New York Times . Todd S. . Purdum . October 18, 2004 . May 22, 2010. Todd Purdum.
  200. Web site: GAMES OF THE XXIII OLYMPIAD, THE, PART 1: OPENING CEREMONY (TV). The Paley Center for Media. June 2, 2024.
  201. Web site: July 28th in 80s History. Stuck in the 80's. June 2, 2024.
  202. News: Halberstam. David J.. August 4, 2021. NBC's Olympic announcers lack distinction; Hoops voices are weak; MLB, NFL NHL and NBA news. Sports Broadcast Journal. June 2, 2024.
  203. News: Hoffarth. Tom. January 6, 2018. Hoffarth on the media: NBC's Al Michaels takes the high road (and fastest route) to the Coliseum for Rams' NFL playoff game. Whittier Dailey News. June 2, 2024.
  204. Web site: Wilma Rudolph. IN.gov. June 2, 2024.
  205. Moore. Kenny. August 13, 1984. THEY GOT OFF ON THE RIGHT TRACK. Sports Illustrated.
  206. Clarke. Gerald. August 6, 1984. Video: ABC Leaps for Gold Ratings. Time. June 2, 2024.
  207. News: Tegler. Zach. November 27, 2012. Olympic gold medalist Pablo Morales continues to humbly lead NU swimmers. Daily Nebraskan. June 2, 2024.
  208. News: Henry III. William H.. August 14, 1984. Olympics: A Made-for-TV Extravaganza. June 2, 2024.
  209. News: Stewart. Larry. July 28, 1985. WHAT THE GAMES MEANT TO TELEVISION : ABC's Ruhe Got the Responsibility, And Later the Acclaim, for Network. Los Angeles Times. June 2, 2024.
  210. News: Stewart. Larry. August 3, 1987. Lampley Will Replace Hill on Channel 2. Los Angeles Times. June 2, 2024.
  211. December 24, 1984. HEIDI HO AND AWAY WE GO.... Sports Illustrated. June 2, 2024.
  212. News: Mann. Eric. January 5, 2017. Donna de Varona Wins Theodore Roosevelt Meritorious Achievement Award from the United States Sports Academy. The Sports Digest. June 2, 2024.
  213. News: Finn. Natalie. June 6, 2013. Esther Williams Dead, Swimmer and Bathing Beauty Star Was 91. E! News. June 2, 2024.
  214. News: Shales. Tom. August 12, 1984. Amid Grumbles and Falls, ABC's Olympic Victory. The Washington Post. June 2, 2024.
  215. Web site: lympics – 1984 Los Angeles – Diving – Mens Platform Prelims – Dive 5 Round. April 27, 2016. ImaSportsphile. June 2, 2024.
  216. Taaffe. William. February 9, 1987. Abc's Keith Jackson: A Hoss Of A Broadcaster. Sports Illustrated. June 2, 2024. October 25, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121025194135/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1065699/2/index.htm. bot: unknown.
  217. News: Goldberg. Rob. January 14, 2021. Patrick Ewing Once Had a 'Twisted Neck' After Wrestling Michael Jordan in 1984. Bleacher Report. June 2, 2024.
  218. News: Larsen. Peter. July 5, 2012. O.C. basketball great Ann Meyers wanted to play the best. The Orange County Register. June 2, 2024.
  219. News: April 4, 2018. Bob Beattie, Alpine skiing promoter who coached U.S. team in 1960s, dies at 85. The Washington Post. June 2, 2024.
  220. Web site: GAMES OF THE XXIII OLYMPIAD, THE, PART 1: BOXING (MEN), VOLLEYBALL (WOMEN) (TV). The Paley Center for Media. June 2, 2024.
  221. News: Tears, Triumphs And Talking Up The Home Team. Shales. Tom. August 3, 1984. The Washington Post. June 2, 2024.
  222. News: Carcaterra. Lorenzo. July 28, 1984. Abc Olympic Team Off And Running. - Page 26. The Free Lance-Star. June 2, 2024.
  223. News: June 8, 2020. Kurt Thomas dies of stroke: Former gymnastics champ dies at 64. Bartlesville Examiner-Enterprise. June 2, 2024.
  224. Book: Dietrich Fischer, Heinz. 2020. Ambitious Newspaper Sports Journalism: Pulitzer Prize Winning Articles .... Lit Verlag. 142. 978-3-643-96258-4.
  225. Book: 2014 Olympic Winter Games in Sochi, Russia. 153.
  226. News: Goldberg. Dave. Abc's 'experts' Show Improvement . - Page 7. The Free Lance-Star. June 2, 2024.
  227. News: Hastings. Julianne. August 12, 1984. ABC goes for -- and gets -- the ratings. UPI. June 9, 2024.
  228. News: Dowie. Douglas. August 9, 1984. Items from a reporter's notebook at the Summer Olympics. UPI. June 2, 2024.
  229. Web site: Olympics – 1984 – L A Games – Day 8 – Water Polo + Grecco Wrestling + Team Cycling + Swimming. March 14, 2018. ImaSportsphile. June 2, 2024.
  230. 2019 ATHLETIC HALL OF FAME. April 12, 2019. Fullerton College Athletics. June 2, 2024.
  231. News: Hawthorn. Tom. December 29, 2023. Victoria rower Dean Crawford won gold in upset victory at 1984 Olympics. The Globe and Mail. June 2, 2024.
  232. News: December 12, 2022. GLADSTONE WILL LEAVE YALE AT SEASONS END. Rowing News. June 2, 2024.
  233. Web site: Jay Kearney. Chautauqua Sports Hall of Fame. June 2, 2024.
  234. News: Hornack. Ken. August 12, 1984. How About A Gold For... - Page 4. Daytona Beach Morning Journal. June 2, 2024.
  235. News: Feinstein. John. November 14, 1984. For Olympian Blatnick, Life Is a Celebration . The Washington Post. June 2, 2024.
  236. News: Gorney. Cynthia. August 3, 1984. Roone Arledge's Olympic Luck . The Washington Post. June 2, 2024.
  237. Newman. Bruce. July 1, 1985. NOW ERIC'S HELL ON WHEELS, TOO. Sports Illustrated. June 9, 2024.
  238. News: July 22, 1984. Daily News from New York, New York • 147. Daily News. June 2, 2024.
  239. Web site: Games of the XXIII Olympiad, the, Part 6: Modern Pentathlon (Men) (TV). The Paley Center for Media. June 2, 2024.
  240. Web site: Games of the XXIII Olympiad, The, Part 4: Tennis (Men) (TV). The Paley Center for Media.
  241. Web site: Touch Of Class: 1984 Olympic Double Gold Medal Winner and Show Jumping Hall Of Fame Inductee. Taylor. Marianne. August 4, 2016. Equestrian Coach. June 2, 2024.
  242. News: Browne. Alix. June 6, 2021. A Meditation on Hope and Olympic Dreams. Town & Country. June 2, 2024.
  243. News: Goldberg. Dave. August 13, 1984. Olympic Digest. - Page 22. The Evening Independent. June 9, 2024.
  244. News: Krishnaiyer. Kartik . May 31, 2013. RIP Mario Machado, Pioneer of Soccer On US Television. World Soccer Talk. June 2, 2024.
  245. News: July 27, 1984. The Telegraph-Herald - Page 15. The Telegraph-Herald. June 2, 2024.
  246. News: July 29, 1984. 1984 Summer Olympics. - Page 110. Lakeland Ledger. June 2, 2024.
  247. Web site: Olympics – 1984 – L A Games – Field Hockey – Womens 3rd Rnd – USA Vs AUS – 1st Half With Al Trautwig. July 12, 2019. ImaSportsphile. June 9, 2024.
  248. Web site: Games of the XXIII Olympiad, The, Part 1: Fencing (Men), Weightlifting (Men) (TV). The Paley Center of Media.
  249. News: Sherwood. Rick. August 21, 1984. Abc's Olympic. - Page 56. Gainesville Sun. June 9, 2024.
  250. News: May 22, 2015. Dwight Stones . UCLA Alumni. June 9, 2024.

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