Olympic Order Explained
Olympic Order should not be confused with Olympic order in artistic gymnastics.
Olympic Order |
Givenfor: | Contribution to the Olympic Movement |
Presenter: | International Olympic Committee |
First: | 1975 |
Mostwins: | Nadia Comăneci (twice: 1984, 2004) andCarlos Arthur Nuzman (twice: 1992, 2016) |
The Olympic Order, established in 1975, is the highest award of the Olympic Movement. It is awarded for particularly distinguished contributions to the Olympic Movement, i.e. recognition of efforts worthy of merit in the cause of sport. Traditionally, the IOC bestows the Olympic Order upon the chief national organiser(s) at the closing ceremony of each respective Olympic Games.
History
The Olympic Order was established in May 1975 by the International Olympic Committee as a successor to the Olympic Diploma of Merit. The Olympic Order originally had three grades (gold, silver and bronze).
In 1984, at the 87th IOC Session in Sarajevo (Yugoslavia), it was decided that in future there would be no distinction between the silver and bronze order. The gold order would continue to be awarded to heads of state and for exceptional circumstances.
Design
The insignia of the Olympic Order is in the form of a collar (or chain), in Gold, Silver or Bronze according to grade; the front of the chain depicts the five rings of the Olympic Movement, flanked on either side by kotinos emblem (olive wreath). A lapel badge, in the form of miniature five rings and kotinos in Gold, Silver and Bronze according to grade, is presented to recipients to wear as appropriate.
Recipients
The following is a list of recipients of the Olympic Order. Some no longer have their orders, as they have been withdrawn.[1]
Gold Olympic Order
Silver Olympic Order
Year | Recipient | Country | Note |
---|
1975 | | | |
| | |
Lieutenant-Colonel Rudyard Russell | | |
1976 | | | |
Mr. Harold Austad | | |
Mr. Albert Demaurex | | |
Mr. Dan Ferris | | |
| | |
Mr. Héctor Paysse Reyes | | |
Mr. Walter Wülfing | | |
1977 | | | |
| / | |
| | |
| | |
Dr. Rudolf Nemetschke | | |
| | |
1978 | | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Adriano Rodoni | | |
| | |
1979 | Dr. Haj Omar Boucetta | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
1980 | Professor Arnold H. Beckett | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Benito Castejón | | |
Mr. Claude Collard | | |
Professor Albert Dirix | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Kurt Hasler | | |
Mr. Frederick Holder | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Ignati Novikov | | |
| | |
Mr. Henri Pouret | | |
| | [38] |
Mr. Anton Skataretiko | | |
Mr. Bertil Sallfors | | |
| | |
1981 | | | |
| | |
Mr. Jacinto Balleste | | |
Mr. Rafael Barquero Chaves | | |
| | |
Mr. Charles de Coquereaumont | | |
Mr. David Coward | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Henry Joseph Dieme | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Dr. Harold W. Henning | | |
| | |
Mr. Enrikas Juskhevitsus | | |
Mr. Kurt Møller | | |
| | [39] [40] [41] |
Mr. Desmond O'Sullivan | | |
| | |
Mr. Adriano Rodoni | | |
| | |
1982 | | | |
Mr. František Kroutil | | |
Mr. Paavo Mikko Honkajuuri | | |
| | |
Mr. José Beracasa | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Avinash Chandra Chatterji | | |
| | |
Mr. Haim Glowinsky | | |
| | |
Mr. Clarence H. Johnson | | |
| | |
Mr. Alois Lugger | | |
Mr. Fernando Luis Pereira Machado | | |
| | |
Mr. Trendafil Martinski | | |
Mr. Edgar Mercier | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Giovanni Romagna | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Jukka Uunila | | |
1983 | Mr. Kouassi Angama | | |
Mr. Georges Athanassiadis | | |
| | |
Dr. Arpad Csanadi | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Laurent Dona-Fologo | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Massoud Ahmded El-Zantouti | | |
| | |
Mrs. Marie-Thérèse Eyquem | | |
Mr. Sisto Favre | | |
Mr. Edgar Fried | | |
| | |
Mr. Kim Taik-soo | | |
| | |
Mr. Leopoldo de Leon | | |
| | |
Mr. Roger Menard | | |
| | |
Mr. Robert F. Osborne | | |
Mr. Javier Ostos | | |
| | |
Mr. Berge Philips | | |
Mr. Gaotang Rong | | |
Mr. Victor Saneev | | |
Mr. Katsuji Shibata | | |
| | |
| | |
1984 | Mr. Abdelhamid Rachdi Alami | | |
Mr. Abílio Ferreira d'Almeida | | |
Mr. Luis Azemar Puig de la Bellacasa | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Bo Bengston | | |
| | |
Mr. Paolo Cappabianca | | |
Mr. Juan José Castillo | | |
Mr. Harry H. Cavan | | |
| | | [42] |
Mr. George Craig | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Suat Erler | | |
Mr. Rene Frank | | |
| | |
Mr. Antonin Himl | | |
Mr. Pierre Hirschy | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Paul Libaud | | |
Mr. Hero Lupescu | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Hadj Ibrahim Mbomba Njoya | | |
| | |
Mr. Fred B. Oberlander | | |
Mr. Nelson Paillou | | |
Mr. Marian Renke | | |
Mr. Walter J.M.A. von Rosberg | | |
Mr. Zhong Shitong | | |
Mr. Olegário Vazquez Rafia | | |
| | [43] |
Mr. Abdul Hameed Al-Hajji | | |
Mr. Aldo Bergamaschi | | |
Mr. Fred Blay | | |
Mr. Emeric Blum | | |
| | |
Mr. Gian-Carlo Brusati | | |
| | |
Mr. Alain Danet | | |
| | |
Mr. Abdelaziz Elshafei | | |
| | |
Mr. Shunji Fujii | | |
Mr. Knolly Henderson | | |
| | |
Mr. Samwel Mbogo Kamau | | |
Mr. Ahmed Karabegovic | | |
Mr. Kenjiro Mizuno | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Keith Shervington | | |
Mr. Baghadi Si-Mohamed | | |
Mr. Anto Sucic | | |
Mr. Artur Takac | | |
Mr. Stanko Tomic | | |
| | |
Mr. Uglijesa Uzelac | | |
| | |
1985 | | | |
Mr. Alexa Haralambie | | |
Sheikh Isa bin Rashed Al Kalifa | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Tsegaw Ayele | | |
| | |
Mr. Domenico Bruschi | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Hermann Jannsen | | |
| | |
Mr. Ferdinand Siregar Mangombar | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Bedřich Poula | | |
Mr. Ludwig Prokop | | |
Mr. André Gustavo Richer | | |
| | |
Mr. William Simon | | |
| | |
Mr. Josep Lluís Vilaseca | | |
| | |
Mr. Jean Weymann | | |
| | |
1986 | Mr. Carlos Osório de Almeida | | |
Mr. Lachezar Avramov | | |
Mr. Mahmoud Ba | | |
| | |
Mrs. Liselotl Diem | | |
Mr. Justin Durand | | |
Mr. Issac Froimovich | | |
Mr. Julio Gerlcin Comelin | | |
Mr. Carlos de Godó | | |
Mr. Roberto C. Goizueta | | |
Mr. Boris Gueorguiev | | |
Mr. Cornelius Kerdel | | |
Mr. Antoine Khoui | | |
Mr. Jean-Arnould Leew | | |
Air Vice Marshal C. L. Metha | | |
| | |
Mr. Park Chong-kyu | | |
Mr. Pedro Perez Duenas | | |
Mr. Ahmed Mohammed Qaatabi | | |
Mr. Max Rinkenburger | | |
Mr. Douglas F. Roby | | |
Mr. Julian K. Roosevelt | | |
| | |
Mr. Ricardo José Russomando | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Georges Vichos | | |
Mr. George Wieczisk | | |
Mr. Huang Zhong | | |
1987 | Mr. Francisco Ferreira Alves | | |
Mr. Abdel Moneim El Bah | | |
Mr. Boris Bakrac | | |
| | [44] |
Mr. Gavrila Barani | | |
Mr. John Joseph Brown | | |
Mr. Ramiro Tavares Gonçalves | | |
| | |
Mr. Chen Jingkai | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Erich Kamper | | |
Mr. L. N. Khurana | | [45] |
| | |
Mr. Philip Othmar Krumm | | |
Colonel Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak | | |
Mr. Li Menghua | | |
Mr. Geoffrey de Navacelle | | |
Mr. Sergio Orsi | | |
Mr. Lassina Palenfo | | |
Mr. Marcel Pasche | | |
Mr. Janusz Przedpełski | | |
Mr. Haluk San | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
1988 | | | |
| | |
Mr. Francisco Alguersuari Durán | | |
Mrs. Eileen Anderson | | |
Mr. Juan José Castillo | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Juan de la LIcra Trcns | | |
| | |
Mr. Fernando Riba | | |
Mr. Anisio Silva Rocha | | |
Dr. Joszef Sir | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | [46] [47] |
Taieb Houichi | | |
Ante Lambasa | | |
Wolf Lyberg | | |
Frederick Ruegsegger | | [48] |
1989 | | | |
1990 | | | |
1992 | | | |
Jesús Alfonso Elizondo Nájera | | |
1994 | | | |
| | |
1995 | | | [49] |
| | [50] |
Jerald M. Jordan | | [51] |
1997 | Karl Lennartz | | [52] |
| | |
| | |
1998 | | | |
| | [53] |
| | |
| | |
| | |
1999 | | | [54] |
| | [55] |
2000 | | | |
| | |
2001 | Ton Bijkerk | | [56] |
| | [57] |
| | |
| | |
2002 | | | |
2003 | | | [58] [59] |
2004 | | | |
2007 | | | |
2008 | | | |
| | |
| | |
| | [60] |
2010 | | | |
| | |
| | |
Dr. Tan Eng Liang | | |
Chris Chan | | |
Goh Kee Nguan | | |
Dr. Francis Chong | | |
Eric Tan Huck Gim | | [61] |
| | [62] |
| | [63] |
| | Posthumously awarded [64] |
2011 | | | |
| | [65] |
| | [66] |
2012 | | | [67] |
| | |
| | [68] |
2015 | | | [69] |
| | [70] |
2016 | | | [71] |
Ilse Bechthold | | |
| | |
| | Posthumously awarded |
| | Posthumously awarded |
| | Posthumously awarded |
Risto Nieminen | | |
| | [72] |
| | [73] |
2018 | Yeo Hyung-koo | | |
Kim Jae-youl | | |
Kim Joo-ho | | [74] |
2021 | Toshirō Mutō | | [75] |
2022 | | | |
| | |
| | |
Zhang Jiandong | | |
Han Zirong | | | |
Bronze Olympic Order
Year | Recipient | Country | Note |
---|
1975 | | | |
| | |
Mr. John Kasyoka | | |
| | |
| | |
Dr. Jacques Thiébault | | |
1976 | Mr. Helmut Behrendt | | |
| | [76] |
Mr. Walter Jhung | | |
Mr. Abderrahman Khatib | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Haim Wein | | |
1977 | Mr. Gunnar Hansen | | |
Mrs. Nadia Lekarska | | |
| | |
Mr. Alberto Nariño Cheyne | | |
| | |
Mr. Dutta Ray | | |
Mr. Roberto Richards Aguiar | | |
Mr. René de Raeve | | |
1978 | Mr. Zafar Ali | | |
Prof. Dr. Mihailo Andrejević | | |
| | |
Colonel Hassine Hamouda | | |
Mr. Harald Jespersen | | |
Mrs. Ingrid Keller de Schiavoni | | |
| | |
Mr. Paulo Martins Meira | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Charles Riolo | | |
Mr. Yoshinori Suzuki | | |
Mr. Hugo Virgilio Tedin | | |
Mr. José Gamarra Zorrilla | | |
1979 | Mr. Jeronymo Baptista Bastos | | |
Mr. Alfredo Hohagen Díez Canseco | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Mrs. Emmy Schwabe | | |
Mr. Otto Szymiczek | | |
Mrs. Lydia Zanchi | | |
1980 | | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Alex Erere | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Marcello Garroni | | |
Mr. Michel Henault | | |
Mr. John Hennessy | | |
Mr. Luis E. Hurtado | | |
| | |
Mr. Clare McDermott | | |
Mr. Donato Martucci | | |
Mr. Geoffrey Miller | | |
Mr. Robert Pariente | | |
Mr. John Rodda | | |
Mr. Hussein Sejean | | |
Mr. Walter Siegenthaler | | |
Mr. Mustapha Thraya | | |
Mr. Alexander Yermakov | | |
1981 | | Mr. Slaheddine Baly | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Kenneth A. Ryan | | |
| | |
Mr. Eduardo Yáñez Zavala | | |
1982 | | | |
Mr. Jaime Munoz Camposano | | |
Mr. João da Costa | | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Giuseppe Sabelli Fioretti | | |
| | |
Mr. Arild Honne | | |
| | |
Mr. Leonid Khomenkov | | |
Mr. Guillermo Montoya Sanchez | | |
Dr. Ridha Mrad | | |
Mr. Luis Chiriboga Parra | | |
Mr. E. Howard Radford | | |
Mr. Albert Riethausen | | |
Mr. Donald Rowlands | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. D. J. Williams | | |
1983 | | Mr. Antônio Carlos Almeida Braga | | |
Mr. Nikolai Gueorguiev | | |
Mr. Nigel Hacking | | |
Mr. Erhard Georg Friedrich Hoehne | | |
Mr. Guipro Koffi | | |
Dr. Antonio Losada | | |
| | |
Mr. Janusz Piewcewicz | | |
Mr. Yücel Seçkiner | | |
| | [77] |
1984 | | Mr. Francisco Alguersuari Durán | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Mr. Bogomil Nonev | | |
Mr. Alberto Passadore | | |
Mr. Jozsef Szalay | | |
Mr. Ashenafi Youria | | | |
Recipients with missing data
Following is the list of recipients of Olympic Order with some missing data like year of award, country and colour of award.
Year | Recipient | Country | Colour | Note |
---|
1988 | | | | |
| | | [78] |
| | | |
| | | |
1989 | | | | |
1990 | | | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | [79] |
1991 | Ioan Kunst-Ghermănescu | | | |
1992 | Hassan Agabani | | | [80] |
José Azcona | | | |
Jorge Herrera Barona | | | |
Dr. Mário Carvalho Pini | | | |
Itzhak Caspi | | | |
Vahit Colakoglu | | | |
| | | |
| | | |
Kurt Heller | | | Awarded posthumously |
Raul Ibarra Zapata | | | |
Viacheslav I. Koloskov | | | |
| | | |
Carlos Pardo | | | |
| | | |
Baaron Pittenger | | | |
| | | |
| | | |
Gottfried Schoedl | | | |
Gursewak Singh | | | |
Prof. Nikos Yalouris | | | |
Mrs. Caizhen Zhang | | | |
1993 | | | | |
Anna Sinilkina | | Silver | [81] |
| | | [82] |
| | | |
| | | Posthumously awarded [83] |
1994 | Vladimir Krivcov | | | |
1996 | | | | |
| | | |
1997 | | | | [84] |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | Establishing the International Centre for Olympic Studies[85] [86] |
1998 | | | | |
| | | |
| | | [87] |
| | | |
Artūras Poviliūnas | | | |
1999 | | | | |
| | | [88] |
| | | [89] |
| | | |
| | | [90] |
Frederic Prieto i Caballé | | | [91] |
2000 | Res Brügger | | | |
| | | [92] |
| | | |
| | | [93] |
2001 | Albert Scharf | | | [94] |
Raymond Hahn | | | |
| | | [95] |
| | | |
| | | [96] |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
Eric Walter | | | [97] |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | [98] |
| | | [99] |
2002 | | | | |
| | | Posthumously awarded |
| | | [100] |
Janis Grinbergas | | | [101] |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | [102] |
| | | |
Ashwini Kumar | | | [103] |
| | | [104] |
2003 | | | [105] |
| | | [106] |
Jean Durry | | | [107] |
2004 | Matthias Kleinert | | | |
Francoise Zweifel | | | [108] |
| | | [109] |
George Bolos | | Silver | |
2005 | | | | |
2006 | Hans Wilhelm Gäb | | | |
2009 | | | | [110] |
2012 | | | | [111] |
| | | |
2016 | | | | |
Patrick Chamunda | | | |
Unknown | | | Silver | |
William Berge Phillips | |
| |
| |
| |
Stepan Kerkyasharian | |
| |
Jim Sloman | |
Michael Eyers | |
Bob Leece | |
Mick O'Brien | |
Robert Elphinston | |
Margaret McLennan | |
John Fitzgerald | |
| |
Di Henry | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
David Richmond | Gold | |
| |
| | ? | |
| |
| | Silver | Services to London 2012 |
Mike Loynd |
James Bulley | | |
Richard George | |
| |
Ian Johnston | |
Gerry Pennell | |
Jean Tomlin | | |
Trivia
Nadia Comăneci became one of the youngest recipients of the Olympic Order in 1984 when she was only 23 years old at the time of her award. She is also one of the two only athletes to be awarded the Olympic Order twice (1984, 2004), the other one being the Brazilian Carlos Arthur Nuzman.
See also
External links
Notes and References
- News: Russia Suspended from International Soccer, Hockey over Ukraine Attacks . Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty .
- News: Speech given by J.A. Samaranch, President of the IOC, before awarding the Gold Medal of the Olympic Order to Pope John Paul II. The LA84 Foundation. 2011-05-08.
- Web site: Opening of the 86th Session (Olympic Review No. 186). La84foundation.org. 2015-05-15.
- News: FACTS ON INDIAN OLYMPICS. Facts-about-india.com. 2015-05-15. 3 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190603041357/http://www.facts-about-india.com/olympic-games-history.php. dead.
- Web site: Chronology of the Candidature (Official Report of the Games of the XXV Olympiad Barcelona 1992). La84foundation.org. 2015-05-15.
- Book: Mallon. Bill. Buchanan . Ian. Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement. 2006. Scarecrow Press. 0810855747. 348. Third.
- Web site: UOL - Brasil Online - Oscar recebe homenagem do COI 18/07/97 17h39.
- Web site: Gold Olympic Order for Yeltsin (Olympic Review No. 303). La84foundation.org. 2015-05-15.
- Web site: Presidential Visit to Southern Africa (Olympic Review No. 326). La84foundation.org. 2015-05-15.
- Book: Kahden presidenttikauden kunnia / Två presidentperioders heder : Mauno Koiviston kunniamerkit / Mauno Koivistos ordnar och utmärkelsetecken. Hämeenlinna / Tavastehus. Hämeen Kirjapaino Oy. 2018. 978-951-53-3708-5. fi, sv. 29.
- News: First Islamic woman named to Int'l Olympic Committee . . December 6, 1999 . 19 December 2011 . 26 April 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120426063954/http://www.shinmai.co.jp/oly-eng/19980205/98020515.htm . dead .
- Web site: JOCについて、オリンピック・オーダー [Transl.: About the JOC, the Olympic Order] ]. Japanese Olympic Committee . 29 June 2019.
- Web site: Olympic Order Recipients . olympedia.org . 2021-10-25 .
- Web site: Eduard Shevardnadze . president.gov.ge . . 2021-10-25 . 5 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230305233631/https://www.president.gov.ge/en/SinglePage/LoadSinglePageContent?menuId=256 . dead .
- News: Gold Olympic Order awarded to Adolf Ogi . . December 13, 2000 . 19 December 2011.
- Web site: Closing Ceremony (Sydney 2000). PDF. La84foundation.org. 15 May 2015 . Myers, Morley . 79.
- Book: Mallon. Bill. Heijmans. Jeroen. Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement. limited. 2011. Scarecrow Press. Lanham. 9780810872493 . 425. Fourth.
- Web site: IOC EB recommends no participation of Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials .
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- News: Rogge secures Olympic presidency. 16 July 2001.
- News: Samaranch honoured. 16 July 2001.
- News: Kαβγάδες χωρίς τέλος. Endless fights. Tanea. August 7, 2023.
- News: German President visits the Olympic Museum . https://web.archive.org/web/20150403013701/http://www.olympic.org/news?articleid=55366 . dead . April 3, 2015 . . March 11, 2004 . 19 December 2011.
- News: Singapore President Receives Gold Olympic Order . The Official Website of the Singapore 2010 Youth Olympic Games . 2010-08-14 . 2010-08-26 . https://archive.today/20120912032405/http://www.singapore2010.sg/public/sg2010/en/en_news/en_media_releases/en_20100814_president_of_the_republic_of_singapore_-receives_gold_olympic_order.html . 2012-09-12 . dead .
- News: S'pore presented with special Olympic flag . https://archive.today/20120728113202/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1075051/1/.html . dead . 2012-07-28 . . 2010-08-13 . 2010-08-13 .
- News: Thank You And Merci Vancouver!. John Huet . . March 1, 2010 . 19 December 2011.
- Web site: Germany's Bach elected new IOC president. 10 September 2013.
- News: Spanish sport still shines after failed Olympic bid, Crown Prince says. https://web.archive.org/web/20140426201456/http://www.laprensasa.com/309_america-in-english/2343812_spanish-sport-still-shines-after-failed-olympic-bid-crown-prince-says.html. dead. April 26, 2014. La Prensa. December 18, 2013. 26 April 2014.
- News: IOC President has private audience with Pope Francis. IOC. 2013-11-22.
- Web site: Xi Jinping Meetsi with International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach and Receives the Olympic Order in Gold. chinaconsulatesf.org.
- Web site: Colanul Olimpic a fost acordat Principesei Margareta a Romaniei - Comitetul Olimpic si Sportiv Roman . Cosr.ro . 2015-05-14.
- Web site: Após Jogos, COI homenageia Nuzman e Paes com comenda da Ordem Olímpica - Gazeta Esportiva. 2021-01-20. www.gazetaesportiva.com. 22 August 2016 .
- News: IOC President awards the Olympic Order to Pyeongchang 2018 organisers . . February 26, 2018 .
- Web site: President Moon awarded Olympic Order in Gold for PyeongChang Games . August 30, 2018 . Korea.net.
- News: Mauricio Macri recibió la "Orden Olímpica de Oro" en la clausura de los Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud . Infobae.com (in Spanish) . October 19, 2018 .
- Web site: IOC thanks Beijing 2022 for memorable Olympic Winter Games . International Olympic Committee . 2022-02-21 . 2022-02-21 .
- Web site: 2022-07-23 . Złoty Order Olimpijski dla prezydenta Andrzeja Dudy [WIDEO] ]. 2022-07-23 . www.tvp.info . pl.
- Web site: Olympic awards obtained (Olympic Review No. 206). La84foundation.org. 2015-05-14.
- News: Presidential activities (Olympic Review No. 184). La84foundation.org. 2015-05-15.
- News: Message from Elena Mukhina. La84foundation.org. 2015-05-15.
- News: A courageous lesson from Elena Mouchina. La84foundation.org. 2015-05-15.
- Web site: Olympic Awards presented at the 87th IOC Session (Olympic Review No. 197). La84foundation.org. 2015-05-15.
- Web site: Olympic Order (Olympic Review No. 204). La84foundation.org. 2015-05-15.
- Web site: Speaker Profile of John Brown AO . The Celebrity Speakers Bureau . 29 April 2017 .
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