| Olrat | |
| Nativename: | Ōlrat |
| Pronunciation: | pronounced as /ʊlrat/ |
| States: | Vanuatu |
| Region: | Gaua |
| Speakers: | 3 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| Familycolor: | Austronesian |
| Fam3: | Oceanic |
| Fam4: | Southern Oceanic |
| Fam5: | North-Central Vanuatu |
| Fam6: | North Vanuatu |
| Fam7: | Torres-Banks |
| Map2: | Lang Status 20-CR.svg |
| Iso3: | olr |
| Glotto: | olra1234 |
Olrat language should not be confused with OLRAT.
Olrat was an Oceanic language of Gaua island, in northern Vanuatu. It became extinct in 2009, with the death of its last speaker Maten Womal.[1]
The name Olrat (spelled natively as Ōlrat pronounced as /ʊlrat/) is an endonym. Robert Codrington mentions a place south of Lakon village under the Mota name Ulrata.[2] A few decades later, Sidney Ray mentions the language briefly in 1926 under the same Mota name ‒ but provides no linguistic information.[3]
In 2003, only three speakers of Olrat remained, who lived on the middle-west coast of Gaua.[4] Their community had left their inland hamlet of Olrat in the first half of the 20th century, and merged into the larger village of Jōlap where Lakon is dominant.[5]
Alexandre François identifies Olrat as a distinct language from its immediate neighbor Lakon, on phonological, grammatical, and lexical grounds.
Olrat has 14 phonemic vowels. These include 7 short /i ɪ ɛ a ɔ ʊ u/ and 7 long vowels /iː ɪː ɛː aː ɔː ʊː uː/.[6]
| Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Near-close | pronounced as /link/ (i) ∙ pronounced as /link/ (ii) | pronounced as /link/ (u) ∙ pronounced as /link/ (uu) | |
| Close-mid | pronounced as /link/ (ē) ∙ pronounced as /link/ (ēē) | pronounced as /link/ (ō) ∙ pronounced as /link/ (ōō) | |
| Open-mid | pronounced as /link/ (e) ∙ pronounced as /link/ (ee) | pronounced as /link/ (o) ∙ pronounced as /link/ (oo) | |
| Open | pronounced as /link/ (a) ∙ pronounced as /link/ (aa) | ||
Historically, the phonologization of vowel length originates in the compensatory lengthening of short vowels when the voiced velar fricative pronounced as //ɣ// was lost syllable-finally.[7]
The system of personal pronouns in Olrat contrasts clusivity, and distinguishes four numbers (singular, dual, trial, plural).[8]
Spatial reference in Olrat is based on a system of geocentric (absolute) directionals, which is typical of Oceanic languages.[9]
. A Comparative Study of the Melanesian Island Languages . Sidney Herbert Ray . 1926 . Cambridge University Press . Cambridge . 9781107682023 . xvi+598 . Ray. .