| Livvi-Karelian | |
| Nativename: | Ливви<br>livvi |
| States: | Russia, Finland |
| Region: | between Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega, northward of Svir River, Karelia |
| Speakers: | 14,100–25,000 |
| Date: | 2000–2010 |
| Ref: | [1] |
| Script: | Latin (Karelian alphabet) |
| Familycolor: | Uralic |
| Fam2: | Finnic |
| Fam3: | Northern Finnic |
| Fam4: | Karelian |
| Iso3: | olo |
| Glotto: | livv1243 |
| Glottorefname: | Livvi |
| Minority: |  Finland[2] |
| Map: | 2.2a-Karelian-and-Ludic traditional.png |
| Mapcaption: | Distribution of Karelian and Ludic at the beginning of the 20th century[4] [5] |
| Map2: | Lang Status 60-DE.svg |
Livvi-Karelian[6] (Alternate names: Liygi, Livvi, Livvikovian, Olonets, Southern Olonetsian, Karelian; Russian: ливвиковское наречие|translit=livvikovskoye narechiye)[6] [7] is a supradialect of the Karelian language, which is a Finnic language of the Uralic family,[8] spoken by Olonets Karelians (self-appellation livvi, livgilaizet), traditionally inhabiting the area between Ladoga and Onega lakes, northward of Svir River. The name "Olonets Karelians" is derived from the territory inhabited, Olonets Krai, named after the town of Olonets, named after the Olonka River.
Before World War II, Livvi-Karelian was spoken both in Russia and in Finland, in the easternmost part of Finnish Karelia. After Finland was forced to cede large parts of Karelia to the USSR after the war, the Finnish Livvi-Karelian population was resettled in Finland. Today there are still native speakers of Livvi-Karelian living scattered throughout Finland, but all areas in which Livvi-Karelian remains a community language are found in Russia.
Speakers of Livvi-Karelian may be found mainly in Olonetsky, Pryazhinsky, Pitkyarantsky, and partly Suoyarvsky districts of the Republic of Karelia.[9] Livvi-Karelian long remained relatively uninfluenced by the Russian language despite the large influx of Russians following the founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703.
| Front | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rnd. | urnd. | rnd. | urnd. | ||
| Close | pronounced as /i/ pronounced as /iː/ | pronounced as /y/ pronounced as /yː/ | pronounced as /u/ pronounced as /uː/ | ||
| Mid | pronounced as /e/ | pronounced as /ø/ | pronounced as /o/ | ||
| Open | pronounced as /æ/ | pronounced as /ɑ/ | |||
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | |||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | pronounced as /p/ | pronounced as /t/ | pronounced as /tʲ/ | pronounced as /k/ | |||
| voiced | pronounced as /b/ | pronounced as /d/ | pronounced as /dʲ/ | pronounced as /ɡ/ | ||||
| Affricate | voiceless | pronounced as /t͡s/ | pronounced as /t͡ʃ/ | |||||
| voiced | pronounced as /d͡ʒ/ | |||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | (pronounced as /f/) | pronounced as /s/ | pronounced as /ʃ/ | (pronounced as /x/) | pronounced as /h/ | ||
| voiced | pronounced as /z/ | pronounced as /ʒ/ | ||||||
| Nasal | pronounced as /m/ | pronounced as /n/ | (pronounced as /ŋ/) | |||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /ʋ/ | pronounced as /l/ | pronounced as /j/ | |||||
| Rhotic | pronounced as /r/ | |||||||
Livvi-Karelian uses the Latin alphabet and has the following letters in its alphabet, which is called the Karelian alphabet: Aa, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Zz, Žž, Tt, Uu, Vv, Yy, Ää, Öö.[11]
Until 2007, the ü letter was a part of the Livvi-Karelian alphabet, which has been recommended by the Karelian language board to be instead be changed to the y letter.[12]
Livvi-Karelian and its grammatical cases are quite similar to the Finnish language and other related Finnic languages.
The word 'food' in Livvi-Karelian cases:[13]
| case | singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. | |||
| gen. | |||
| par. | |||
| ine. | |||
| ill. | |||
| ela. | |||
| ade. | |||
| abe. | |||
| all. | |||
| abl. | |||
| ess. | |||
| tra. | |||
| com. | |||
| prol. | |||
| term. | |||
| approx. | |||
| acc. |
Hello! -
How are you? -
Good night! -
Good afternoon! -
Do you speak Karelian? -
I'm sorry. -
You're welcome. -
I love you. -
Goodbye. -
My name is ... -
Excuse me. -
Help! -
Cheers! -
Right. -
Left. -
Yes. -
No.. -
One. -
Two. -
Three. -
Four. -
Five. -