| Birth Date: | 23 June 1961 |
| Birth Place: | Germany |
| Nationality: | Germany United States |
| Known For: | S. aureus pathogenesis |
| Workplaces: | University of California, Los Angeles University of Chicago |
| Alma Mater: | University of Cologne |
Olaf Schneewind (1961–2019) was a German-born American microbiologist who made important contributions to the study of bacterial cell wall composition and assembly as well as the pathogenesis of the microbial species S. aureus.[1] He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2018.[2]
Schneewind was born in Germany and attended the University of Cologne. He completed postdoctoral training with Vincent Fischetti at Rockefeller University.[1] Schneewind subsequently joined the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles in 1992.[2] His first major discovery as an independent investigator was the finding that the surface proteins of gram-positive bacteria are cleaved between the T and G residue in the LPXTG sortase signal by the enzyme sortase (the enzyme was not discovered yet, but was later shown by him to be responsible for the cleavage) in order to be anchored to the cell wall.[3]
In 2001, Schneewind began teaching at the University of Chicago within the Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology. In 2004, he was named the founding chair of the Department of Microbiology. He assumed the Louis Block Professorship and remained at UChicago until his death from cancer on May 26, 2019.[1]