Ohrid Agreement (2023) Explained

Ohrid Agreement
Long Name:Agreement on the path to normalisation between Kosovo and Serbia
Context:Normalization of Kosovo–Serbia relations
Date Drafted:5 December 2022
Date Signed:18 March 2023 (verbally)[1]
Location Signed:Ohrid, North Macedonia
Signatories:Albin Kurti (Kosovo)
Aleksandar Vučić (Serbia)
Parties:
Language:English

The Ohrid Agreement,[2] [3] [4] officially known as Agreement on the path to normalization between Kosovo and Serbia is an agreement mediated by the European Union that aims to normalize diplomatic relations between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. On 27 February 2023, it was verbally accepted by Kosovar prime minister Albin Kurti and Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić and a plan for its implementation was agreed on 18 March 2023.[5] [6] [7]

Background

See main article: Kosovo–Serbia relations and Belgrade–Pristina negotiations. In 2008, Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia.[8] Kosovo and Serbia agreed in 2013 to a dialogue facilitated by the European Union (EU), and reaching an agreement with Kosovo is a requirement for Serbia to join the EU.[9]

History

Initially known as the "Franco-German proposal", the agreement was drafted by French and German diplomats based in the region and was inspired by the "two-Germanies" model from the Cold War.[10] On 5 December 2022, the European Union presented a draft proposal to both Kosovo and Serbia at the EU-Western Balkans summit in Tirana. On 27 February, 2023, Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić and Kosovar Prime Minister Albin Kurti met in Brussels to discuss an agreement, where they accepted the EU's draft. Josep Borrell, EU Foreign Minister, stated that no further discussion was needed regarding the plan itself, and future negotiations would be dedicated to its implementation.[11] Kurti and Vučić met again on 18 March at Ohrid, North Macedonia, and verbally accepted a roadmap for implementing the agreement.[12] [6] [13]

Agreement

While the agreement does not explicitly require that Serbia recognise Kosovo as independent, it does prevent Serbia from opposing the accession of Kosovo to international organisations such as the Council of Europe, European Union or NATO,[14] in addition to requiring Serbia to recognise Kosovar national symbols, passports, diplomas, and vehicle registration plates. Kosovo is required to ensure an appropriate level of self-management for its ethnic Serb community. The ultimate goal of the agreement is to create "a legally binding agreement on comprehensive normalization of [Kosovo–Serbia] relations". Within the text of the agreement, the name Kosovo is used without an asterisk and both parties are referred to by name, i.e. as Serbia and Kosovo, rather than as Belgrade and Pristina.[15]

Provisions

The provisions of the agreement include:

Implementation

The annex concerning the implementation of the agreement was agreed by the leaders of Kosovo and Serbia on 18 March 2023. A European Union chaired Joint Monitoring Committee is to be formed within 30 days to monitor the implementation of the agreement. The European Union will amend Chapter 35 benchmarks for Serbia to reflect Serbia's new obligations from the agreement and annex. Kosovo's new obligations stemming from the agreement and annex will also be included in its EU accession process. Both parties accepted that failure to implement the provisions of the agreement will lead to negative consequences both in terms of aid from, and accession to, the European Union.[16] [3] Josep Borrell informed EU foreign ministers that the implementation of the agreement will be "supervised by a commission from both countries and the European Union which is legally binding".[17]

At a European Council summit on 23 March 2023, Borrell warned the leaders of Serbia and Kosovo that "Any attempt to question the agreement is futile. This agreement was agreed. It has to be implemented. And there is no room for picking and choosing. We will closely monitor who implements it and who does not."[18] [19] [20]

Representatives of Kosovo and Serbia met in Brussels on 4 April 2023 to further discuss implementation of the agreement. Issues discussed included self-management for the ethnic Serb community in Kosovo and mutual recognition of diplomas. The two parties also reached an agreement on missing persons. Afterward it was stated the next meeting between Kurti and Vučić might take place on 22 April, if Vučić was ready for such a meeting.[21] [22]

A Joint Monitoring Committee to oversee the implementation of the agreement was formed on 19 April 2023. The members of the committee are Miroslav Lajčák representing the EU, Agron Bajrami representing Kosovo and Petar Petković representing Serbia. The terms of reference for the committee are expected to be agreed on 2 May 2023 and it is expected to meet regularly in Brussels.[23] [24]

On 2 May 2023, Vučić and Kurti met in Brussels reached an agreement to "cooperate closely on the identification of grave sites and will ensure full access to reliable and accurate information that helps in locating and identifying missing persons from the time frame from 1 January 1998, to 31 December 2000."[25] [26] The two were unable to agree on the structure of a proposed self-management association for Kosovo's ethnic-Serb community.[27]

A draft statute for an Association of Serb-Majority Municipalities in Kosovo was presented by EU leaders on 26 October 2023, and the leaders of Kosovo and Serbia expressed their readiness to implement their commitments. EU leaders urged Kosovo to quickly adopt the draft statute and form an Association of Serb-Majority Municipalities and for Serbia to deliver on the de-facto recognition of Kosovo's independence.[28] [29]

On 25 December 2023, the government of Serbia announced it would recognise the validity of vehicle licence plates issued by the Republic of Kosovo from 1 January 2024 onwards and would no longer require vehicles bearing these plates to cover up Kosovo's national symbols or the country code "RKS". Serbia was obliged to do so under the terms of both the 2011 Brussels agreement and 2023 Ohrid agreement.[30] [31] The following day, Kosovo's prime minister Albin Kurti stated that his country would follow suit once the Kosovo Police verifies Serbia implementation of its commitments.[32] Kurti confirmed that vehicles bearing Serbian licence plates may enter Kosovo without placing stickers over national symbols on 4 January 2024.[33]

On 20 March 2024, the government of Kosovo returned 24 hectares of contested land to the Visoki Dečani monastery of the Serbian Orthodox Church as directed by the Constitutional Court of Kosovo, ending an eight-year dispute.[34] [35]

In April 2024, the European Union amended Chapter 35 of the ascension benchmarks for Serbia to incorporate its obligations under the Ohrid Agreement and to establish a mechanism for monitoring the implementation of agreements reached within the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue.[36] [37] [38] As a result, failure to adhere to obligations contained within the Ohrid Agreement, such as opposing Kosovo's membership in international organisations, could halt Serbia's accession to the European Union.

On 15 May 2024, Kosovo's foreign minister Donika Gërvalla-Schwarz announced that the government of Kosovo will prepare draft legislation for the establishment of a community of Serb-majority municipalities and submit it to the Constitutional Court of Kosovo for an opinion regarding its constitutionality by the end of May 2024.[39]

Violations

KosovoAs of April 2024, Kosovo is yet to establish an Association of Serb-Majority Municipalities,[40] however draft legislation was announced in May 2024.[41]
SerbiaOn 24 April 2023, Serbia violated the terms of the agreement, specifically article four, by voting against Kosovo's membership of the Council of Europe.[42] [43] Despite Serbia's opposition, Kosovo's application passed the 2/3 threshold required in the Committee of Ministers and was referred to the Parliamentary Assembly for its consideration. Following the vote, Serbian President Vučić lashed out at Western powers, telling them to not "lie and cheat" and "interpret things as they see fit, not as written or agreed upon", and the foreign minister, Ivica Dačić, described the events as a "day of shame for the Council of Europe".[44] [45] [46] Serbia also threatened to no longer respect the territorial integrity of countries that voted in favour of Kosovo's membership or that abstained, mentioning Montenegro, which voted in favour, and Ukraine and Bosnia and Herzegovina, which abstained, specifically.[47] [48] [49] [50] A spokesperson for European Union stated that it "took note" of Serbia's vote against Kosovo's membership of the Council of Europe, but added that "The agreement is alive because it's being taken forward".[51]

Serbia again violated article four of agreement on 27 March when it voted against Kosovo's membership of the Council of Europe in the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. The committee agreed to advance Kosovo's application by 31 votes in favour, three against and one abstention.[52] [53]

Serbia further violated article four on 16 April 2024, when its delegates to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe voted against Kosovo's membership of that organization, spoke out against Kosovo's membership and encouraged other countries to vote against Kosovo's membership.[54] Serbian delegates also threatened to quit the organization if Kosovo were admitted as a member state and personally attacked rapporteur Dora Bakoyannis.[55] Previously, Serbian president Alexander Vučić had referred to Bakoyannis as a "shameful woman" for recommending Kosovo's membership in her draft opinion to the assembly.[56] The assembly resolved to recommend that the Committee of Ministers invites Kosovo to become a member state of the Council of Europe with 131 votes in favour, 29 against and 11 abstentions.[57]

Reactions

Kosovo

On 18 March 2023, Kosovar prime minister Albin Kurti stated that by accepting the terms of the agreement Serbia had de facto recognised Kosovo as a state on 27 February 2023.[58] He also added that in the absence of Vučić physically signing the document, the European Union should ensure it remains legally and internationally binding on the parties.[59] On 20 March 2023, Kurti said during a meeting with foreign diplomats in Pristina, that as a result of the agreement, the road for Kosovo to join the Council of Europe is now open.[60] On 23 March 2023, Kurti told the Assembly of Kosovo that he had received guarantees from the EU and the US on the implementation of the agreement and called the agreement a "powerful weapon" which should be used in the best way for Kosovo.[61] He also restated his commitment to implementing the agreement saying "If we want to be treated as a state and be recognised as such, I cannot avoid the obligations from the international treaties that we have agreed."[62]

Serbia

After signalled his acceptance of the text of the main agreement at the high-level meeting in Brussels on 27 February 2023, Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić appeared to change his position in a TV interview the following evening saying that "there is no agreement" and that "I will not let Kosovo into the UN" after he was accused by far-right and nationalist parties of betraying national interests.[63] After the meeting in Ohrid on 18 March 2023, Vučić stated on live TV the following day that he will work on implementing the agreement so long as he is not required to de jure recognise the independence of Kosovo or support its membership of the United Nations which he described as red lines.[64] He also stated that he would not sign any deal now or in the next four years, because his arm hurt, saying: "I have excruciating pain in my right hand, I can only sign with my right hand and that pain is expected to continue for the next four years".[59] [65] Supporters of far-right and nationalist parties protested against the agreement and blocked roads in Belgrade on 24 March. Many demanded Vučić's resignation, and wore t-shirts displaying the pro-Russian "Z" symbol associated with Russia's invasion of Ukraine.[66] [67]

Organisations

Countries

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Kosovo, Serbia Verbally Agree on 'Implementation Deal' to Normalize Ties . 19 March 2023 . 20 December 2023.
  2. Web site: Popović . Darko . 21 March 2023 . Borrell: Ohrid agreement important milestone . 22 March 2023 . N1 . sr-RS.
  3. Web site: 20 March 2023 . Borrell: The agreement in Ohrid, an integral part of the European path for Kosovo and Serbia . 22 March 2023 . KosovaPress . en-US.
  4. Web site: US Hails Kosovo-Serbia Ohrid Agreement.
  5. Borrell Fontelles . Josep . Josep Borrell Fontelles . JosepBorrellF . 1637219517792174080 . 18 March 2023 . We have a deal Kosovo and Serbia have agreed on the Implementation Annex of the Agreement on the path to normalisation of relations The parties have fully committed to honour all articles of the agreement and implement their respective obligations expediently and in good faith. https://t.co/p3CUBdcd8A . 20 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319080720/https://twitter.com/JosepBorrellF/status/1637219517792174080 . 19 March 2023 . live.
  6. Web site: Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue: Statement by High Representative Josep Borrell after High Level Meeting in Ohrid | EEAS Website . 18 March 2023 . 20 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230320051113/https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/belgrade-pristina-dialogue-statement-high-representative-josep-borrell-after-high-level_en . live.
  7. News: Serbia, Kosovo reach agreement to implement EU-backed deal normalising ties . . 19 March 2023 . Bytyci . Fatos . 19 March 2023 . 18 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230318143035/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kosovo-serbia-leaders-arrive-eu-backed-talks-deal-normalise-ties-2023-03-18/ . live.
  8. News: Gray . Andrew . Vasovic . Aleksandar . Bytyci . Fatos . 2023-03-03 . Analysis: No big deal: EU's Kosovo pact loses some sheen . Reuters . 4 March 2023 . 4 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230304045919/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/no-big-deal-eus-kosovo-pact-loses-some-sheen-2023-03-03/ . live.
  9. News: Bytyci . Fatos . 6 December 2022 . EU drafts new proposal for Kosovo-Serbia ties – senior EU diplomat . Reuters . 4 March 2023 . 19 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230119170507/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kosovo-apply-eu-membership-by-year-end-president-2022-12-06/ . live.
  10. Web site: Brzozowski . Alexandra . Taylor . Alice . Gotev . Georgi . 2022-11-09 . LEAK: Franco-German plan to resolve the Kosovo-Serbia dispute . 2023-03-22 . www.euractiv.com . en-GB.
  11. News: Savic . Misha . Kuzmanovic . Jasmina . 2023-02-27 . Serbia and Kosovo Edge Closer on Deal to Normalize Ties . . registration . 4 March 2023 . 1 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230301165906/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-27/serbia-and-kosovo-move-closer-on-deal-to-normalize-ties . live.
  12. Web site: Media advisory – Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue: Next High-level Meeting on Saturday 18 March in Ohrid | EEAS Website . 10 March 2023 . 10 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230310082218/https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/media-advisory-belgrade-pristina-dialogue-next-high-level-meeting-saturday-18-march-ohrid_en?s=321 . live.
  13. European External Action Service – EEAS . European External Action Service . eu_eeas . 1637550369789079560 . 19 March 2023 . Kosovo and Serbia have agreed on the Implementation Annex of the Agreement on the Path to Normalisation of Relations. The Annex and the Agreement are considered adopted through HRVP @JosepBorrellF's statement: https://t.co/Na0IoU2qs9 Annex: https://t.co/IOgsJuUWAB https://t.co/d7Kdr0gd56 . 28 March 2023.
  14. Web site: Massaro . Chris . Serbia, caught between Europe and Russia, could move one step closer to normalizing relations with Kosovo . live . . 24 January 2023 . 4 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230303040617/https://www.foxnews.com/world/serbia-caught-between-europe-russia-could-move-one-step-closer-normalizing-relations-kosovo . 3 March 2023 . en-US.
  15. Web site: 28 March 2023 . Kosovo-Serbia Agreement on the Normalisation of Relations: Not Signed but Binding, Not Formally on Recognition but with Clear Elements of Implicit Recognition . 11 May 2023 . Opinio Juris . en-US.
  16. Web site: Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue: Implementation Annex to the Agreement on the Path to Normalisation of Relations between Kosovo and Serbia | EEAS Website . 18 March 2023 . 19 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319091913/https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/belgrade-pristina-dialogue-implementation-annex-agreement-path-normalisation-relations-between_en . live.
  17. Web site: RTKLive . EU-US demand the implementation of the Agreement . 22 March 2023 . RTKLive.
  18. Web site: Live blog: European Council summit . 23 March 2023.
  19. Web site: Questioning Serbia-Kosovo agreement is futile: EU's Borrell – Serbia – Nuova Europa . 23 March 2023 . ANSA.it.
  20. Fontelles . Josep Borrell . Josep Borrell Fontelles . JosepBorrellF . 1638902706235400192 . 23 March 2023 . At #EUCO, I will brief leaders on – the historic agreement reached to supply 1M rounds of artillery to #Ukraine & boost #EUdefence industry manufacturing capacity – Agreement on the path to normalisation of relations btwn Kosovo & Serbia, which now needs to be swiftly implemented https://t.co/fQSzbe57mK . 28 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230326211115/https://twitter.com/JosepBorrellF/status/1638902706235400192 . 26 March 2023 . live.
  21. Web site: Stojanovic . Milica . Isufi . Perparim . 5 April 2023 . Serbia, Kosovo Discuss Establishing Serb Municipalities Body . 11 May 2023 . Balkan Insight . en-US.
  22. Web site: Popović . Darko . 4 April 2023 . Petkovic: Agreement reached on missing persons declaration . 11 May 2023 . N1 . sr-RS.
  23. Web site: Bami . Xhorxhina . 19 April 2023 . Serbia, Kosovo, Take First Steps To Implement EU Ohrid Deal . 11 May 2023 . Balkan Insight . en-US.
  24. Web site: EWB . 21 April 2023 . Joint committee for monitoring implementation of Serbia-Kosovo agreement formed, headed by Miroslav Lajčak . 11 May 2023 . European Western Balkans . en-US.
  25. News: Service . RFE/RL's Balkan . Kosovo, Serbia Agree To Cooperate On Resolving Cases Of Missing Persons From 1998–99 War . RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty . 11 May 2023.
  26. Web site: Declaration of President Aleksandar Vučić and Prime Minister Albin Kurti on Missing Persons EEAS . 11 May 2023 . www.eeas.europa.eu.
  27. Web site: Declaration of President Aleksandar Vučić and Prime Minister Albin Kurti on Missing Persons EEAS . 2023-05-11 . www.eeas.europa.eu.
  28. Web site: 2023-10-27 . Joint statement by the President of the French Republic, the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany and the President of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic on the EU-facilitated Dialogue on normalisation of relations between Kosovo and Serbia . 2024-06-12 . Der Bundeskanzler der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Startseite . de.
  29. Web site: 2023-10-28 . Kurti: Self-governance draft written in accordance with Constitution . 2024-06-12 . Euronews Albania . en-US.
  30. https://www.koha.net/arberi/403745/petkoviq-serbia-ka-vendosur-qe-tua-mundesoje-lirine-e-levizjes-te-gjitha-automjeteve-nga-kosova/
  31. Web site: 2023-12-25 . Kosovske tablice od Nove godine mogu u centralnu Srbiju - bez nalepnica . 2024-06-12 . N1 . sr-RS.
  32. Web site: 2023-12-27 . Kurti: Decision on plates after Serbia’s implementation is verified . 2024-06-12 . Euronews Albania . en-US.
  33. News: Kosovo Allows Uncovered Serbian License Plates In Move To Improve Relations . 2024-06-12 . RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty . en.
  34. https://balkaninsight.com/2024/03/20/kosovo-court-ruling-awarding-serb-monastery-disputed-land-implemented/
  35. Web site: 2024-03-20 . Kosovo Court Ruling Awarding Serb Monastery Disputed Land Implemented . 2024-06-12 . Prishtina Insight . en-US.
  36. Web site: 2024-04-23 . Top EU diplomats put Serbia against the wall with Kosovo . 2024-06-12 . euronews . en.
  37. https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2024/04/16/eu-permanent-representatives-agree-on-amending-chapter-35-with-serbia-to-include-ohrid-agreement/
  38. https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2024/02/29/chapter-35-in-serbias-eu-accession-process-is-being-amended-based-on-the-ohrid-agreement/
  39. Web site: Kosovo to draft law on establishment of Serb communities . 2024-06-12 . SeeNews . en.
  40. Web site: 2024-04-02 . Kosovo risks European path if it fails to establish Association, says EU’s Stano . 2024-06-12 . Euronews Albania . en-US.
  41. Web site: Kosovo to draft law on establishment of Serb communities . 2024-06-12 . SeeNews . en.
  42. Web site: Istrefi . Kushtrim . 29 August 2022 . By opposing Kosovo's Council of Europe bid Serbia undermines its EU agreements . 11 May 2023 . www.euractiv.com . en-GB.
  43. Web site: EU deal on Kosovo 'alive' despite Serbian vote . EUobserver . 25 April 2023 . 11 May 2023.
  44. Web site: Kosovo takes 'historic step' towards joining Council of Europe . . 25 April 2023 . 11 May 2023.
  45. Web site: Taylor . Alice . Kosovo progresses to next stage of Council of Europe membership . www.euractiv.com . 25 April 2023 . 11 May 2023 . en-GB.
  46. Web site: The Balkanista . 25 April 2023 . Kosovo passes first stage of Council of Europe accession process . 11 May 2023 . The Balkanista . en-US.
  47. Web site: 25 April 2023 . EU deal on Kosovo 'alive' despite Serbian vote . 11 May 2023 . EUobserver.
  48. Web site: Agency . Anadolu . 25 April 2023 . Serbia to alter foreign policy after EU Kosovo decision: Vucic . 11 May 2023 . Daily Sabah . en-US.
  49. Web site: Serbia outraged by Ukraine's stance on Kosovo's Council of Europe membership . 2023-05-11 . Yahoo News . 25 April 2023 . en-US.
  50. Web site: Grbić . Tamara Milošević . 26 April 2023 . Serbia 'disappointed' with Ukraine, Greece, Slovakia over CoE Kosovo vote . 11 May 2023 . www.euractiv.com . en-GB.
  51. Web site: 25 April 2023 . EU deal on Kosovo 'alive' despite Serbian vote . 11 May 2023 . EUobserver.
  52. https://balkaninsight.com/2024/03/27/kosovo-edges-closer-to-coe-membership/
  53. Web site: PACE committee recommends that Kosovo* be invited to become a member of the Council of Europe - Portal - www.coe.int . 2024-06-12 . Portal . en-GB.
  54. https://balkaninsight.com/2024/04/16/vote-puts-kosovo-one-step-from-accession-to-europes-chief-rights-body/
  55. Web site: Taylor . Alice . 2024-04-17 . Kosovo closer to joining Council of Europe, Serbia attacks Greek delegate . 2024-06-12 . www.euractiv.com . en-GB.
  56. https://greekreporter.com/2024/04/17/serbia-slams-greece-kosovo-council-of-europe/
  57. Web site: PACE recommends that Kosovo* becomes a member of the Council of Europe - Portal - www.coe.int . 2024-06-12 . Portal . en-GB.
  58. Web site: Kurti: This agreement is Serbia's "de facto" recognition . 19 March 2023 . 20 March 2023 . 20 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230320051130/https://english.a2news.com/2023/03/19/kurti-this-agreement-is-serbias-de-facto-recognition/ . live.
  59. Web site: Brzozowski . Alexandra . 20 March 2023 . Serbia, Kosovo 'gentlemen's agreement' on EU-backed deal unpacked . 20 March 2023 . . en-GB.
  60. Rexha . Xhemajl . xhemajl_rexha . 1637839194625134598 . 20 March 2023 .
    1. Kosovo PM, @albinkurti says the country's road to become a member of @coe is now open after the #Ohrid Agreement with #Serbia. This after meeting all the ambassadors accredited in Prishtina. https://t.co/TzJDjTqNPC
    . 28 March 2023.
  61. Web site: Taylor . Alice . 24 March 2023 . Kurti: Kosovo has EU, US guarantees to implement Serbia agreement . 11 May 2023 . www.euractiv.com . en-GB.
  62. News: 23 March 2023 . Kosovo will implement measures agreed on with Serbia, PM says . Reuters . 11 May 2023.
  63. Web site: Vucic: There is No Agreement – I will Not let Kosovo into the UN, Kurti will Not form the CSM – Novinite.com – Sofia News Agency. www.novinite.com. 15 March 2023. 5 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230305163914/https://www.novinite.com/articles/219061/Vucic%3A+There+is+No+Agreement+-+I+will+Not+let+Kosovo+into+the+UN%2C+Kurti+will+Not+form+the+CSM. live.
  64. News: Serbia wants to normalise ties with Kosovo but will not sign any agreement . Reuters . 19 March 2023 . 20 March 2023 . 19 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319204752/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/serbia-wants-normalise-ties-with-kosovo-will-not-sign-any-agreement-2023-03-19/ . live.
  65. Web site: Taylor . Alice . 2023-03-24 . Kurti: Kosovo has EU, US guarantees to implement Serbia agreement . 11 May 2023 . www.euractiv.com . en-GB.
  66. News: Right-Wing Serbian Parties Protest Agreement With Kosovo On Anniversary Of NATO Bombing Campaign . RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty . 11 May 2023.
  67. Web site: 25 March 2023 . With Russian symbols, Serbian right-wingers protest against the agreement with Kosovo . 11 May 2023 . The Geopost . en-US.
  68. Web site: 1464bis meeting, 24 April 2023 . 11 May 2023 . search.coe.int.
  69. Michel . Charles . Charles Michel . CharlesMichel . 1637378854334365696 . 19 March 2023 . Congratulations on the deal reached in EU-facilitated dialogue in Ohrid last night. The agreement on the path to normalisation of relations between Kosovo and Serbia & its annex are important for peace, stability & prosperity of whole #WesternBalkans. Implementation is now key. https://t.co/RcV3XD6oSd . 28 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319213838/https://twitter.com/CharlesMichel/status/1637378854334365696 . 19 March 2023 . live.
  70. Web site: European Council, 23 March 2023 . www.consilium.europa.eu.
  71. https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-4-2023-INIT/en/pdf
  72. Web site: Enkel . 2023-03-20 . The West welcomes the Kosovo-Serbia agreement . 11 May 2023 . en-US.
  73. Schmid . Helga . Helga Schmid . HelgaSchmid_SG . 1637375544164507648 . 19 March 2023 . Great news from #Ohrid talks hosted by & facilitated by @JosepBorrellF on the crucial agreement for normalization of relations between #Belgrade and #Pristina. #OSCE looks forward to early progress with implementation and stands ready to support in its mandated areas. . 28 March 2023.
  74. Osmani . Bujar . Bujar Osmani . Bujar_O . 1637234070294765570 . 18 March 2023 . Congratulations to & on reaching an agreement! And to @MiroslavLajcak & DAS #Escobar for their valuable efforts! It's a day to remember for both countries, but also for the region's European future and its democratic consolidation. Glad that hosted today's historic talks. . 28 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319122344/https://twitter.com/Bujar_O/status/1637234070294765570 . 19 March 2023 . live.
  75. Web site: Rama welcomes Kosovo and Serbia's consent for the Agreement – Politics . 8 March 2023 . 28 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230228154423/https://english.gazetatema.net/politics/rama-welcomes-kosovo-and-serbias-consent-for-the-agreement-i330071#.Y_3J1Tm9ubw.twitter . live.
  76. Rama . Edi . Edi Rama . ediramaal . 1637230307484082177 . 18 March 2023 . access-date=20 March 2023 And let us sincerely congratulate the four protagonists of today's Ohrid table, wishing that soon the unsigned agreement will turn into an irreversible new reality between Kosovo and Serbia, Albanians and Serbs, Western Balkans and the European Union .
  77. Rama . Edi . Edi Rama . ediramaal . 1637230296754946051 . 18 March 2023 . Let's hope that devil is not hiding in details tonight and that the agreed but not signed agreement is not another Balkan trickery! Otherwise this would be a historic achievement that would announce a long-awaited spring in the relations between the two largest Balkan nations . 28 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230318232904/https://twitter.com/ediramaal/status/1637230296754946051 . 18 March 2023 . live.
  78. Web site: The politics of dialogue: How the EU can change the conversation in Kosovo and Serbia – European Council on Foreign Relations . 15 March 2023 . 15 March 2023 . 15 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230315130249/https://ecfr.eu/publication/the-politics-of-dialogue-how-the-eu-can-change-the-conversation-in-kosovo-and-serbia/ . live.
  79. Web site: Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères . Serbia/ Kosovo – Agreement in Ohrid (18.03.23) . 11 May 2023 . France Diplomacy – Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs.
  80. Web site: Popović . Darko . 21 March 2023 . French Ambassador warns of consequences if agreement is not implemented . 22 March 2023 . N1 . sr-RS.
  81. News: Bytyci . Fatos . Heine . Friederike . Germany's Scholz expects 'constructive results' from EU's Serbia-Kosovo pact . live . Reuters . 7 March 2023 . 9 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230309165047/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/germanys-scholz-expects-constructive-results-eus-serbia-kosovo-pact-2023-03-07/ . 9 March 2023.
  82. Irish Foreign Ministry . dfatirl . 1637450072999841793 . 19 March 2023 . The agreement reached in Ohrid yesterday, patiently brokered by @JosepBorrelF & @MiroslavLajcak, is an important step towards normalised relations between Serbia & Kosovo & stability across the Western Balkans. Implementation now key, in interests of all the region's people. https://t.co/xeWClTOj0D . 20 March 2023.
  83. Norway MFA . NorwayMFA . 1637375787694272512 . 19 March 2023 . The agreement in Ohrid, North Macedonia, is an important step towards normalization of relations between Serbia and Kosovo, and stability on the Western Balkans. Congratulations to #Kosovo, #Serbia and the #EU. https://t.co/IwLHDJAqX7 . 20 March 2023.
  84. Web site: Fajon për marrëveshjen e Ohrit: Kishim pritje më ambicioze nga të gjitha anët . 2023-03-22 . Nacionale . en-US.
  85. Sweden in Kosovo . SwedeninKosovo . 1640647240136925186 . 28 March 2023 . Pleasant meeting with the Committee on Foreign Affais and Diaspora where @AmbSwedenKosovo presented @sweden2023eu priorities, welcomed the agreement reached in Orhid and discussed how & can strengthen trade relations. https://t.co/ahQxhGLHSi . 28 March 2023.
  86. Swiss MFA . SwissMFA . 1637382808782897152 . 19 March 2023 . welcomes the deal reached in Ohrid and encourages the sides to remain engaged in the perspective of signing the agreement. reiterates its commitment to support the implementation. https://t.co/bZUrjyGUbu . 28 March 2023.
  87. Turkish MFA . MFATurkiye . 1637477288529756160 . 19 March 2023 . Press Release Regarding the Compromise in Relation to the Agreement and Its Implementation Annex on the Normalization of Relations Between Kosovo and Serbia within the Framework of the EU Roadmap https://t.co/98fF8RpM57 https://t.co/6HQ8kcKGGi . 28 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319194111/https://twitter.com/MFATurkiye/status/1637477288529756160 . 19 March 2023 . live.
  88. TRT World Now . TRTWorldNow . 1637494718060797953 . 19 March 2023 . Turkish foreign ministry on agreement and its implementation annex on normalisation of relations btw. Kosovo, Serbia: – We welcome the move – Türkiye hopes parties to comply with agreement, achieve concrete results – Türkiye supports initiatives normalising relations btw. them https://t.co/OARs03Yotr . 28 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319171840/https://twitter.com/TRTWorldNow/status/1637494718060797953 . 19 March 2023 . live.
  89. Web site: UAE Welcomes Serbia-Kosovo Agreement on Plan to Normalize Relations . 22 March 2023 . www.mofaic.gov.ae.
  90. UK in Kosovo . UKinKosovo . 1637802357592408065 . 20 March 2023 . UK Ambassadors in Belgrade and Pristina welcome this weekend's agreement at Ohrid: @Albinkurti and @predsednikrs took a brave and significant step forward by agreeing a plan for implementation this weekend. 1/2 https://t.co/tJqokVdbfW . 28 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230320160136/https://twitter.com/UKinKosovo/status/1637802357592408065 . 20 March 2023 . live.
  91. DoS Europe and Eurasia . StateEUR . 1637264821576933379 . 19 March 2023 . The United States welcomes and supported the successful EU-brokered talks between Kosovo and Serbia today in Ohrid, North Macedonia. Both countries should immediately begin to implement their Agreement to Normalize Relations. https://t.co/6xhpx0xBOG . 28 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319123201/https://twitter.com/StateEUR/status/1637264821576933379 . 19 March 2023 . live.
  92. Blinken . Antony . Antony Blinken . SecBlinken . 1637580491833352199 . 19 March 2023 . The United States welcomes the EU-facilitated accord Kosovo and Serbia reached yesterday. We are proud to support the agreement and remain committed to advancing European and Euro-Atlantic integration. . 28 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230320162037/https://twitter.com/SecBlinken/status/1637580491833352199 . 20 March 2023 . live.
  93. Web site: Popović . Darko . 20 March 2023 . Escobar: Agreement legally binding . 22 March 2023 . N1 . sr-RS.
  94. Web site: McAteer . Ksenija Pavlovic . 20 March 2023 . Serbia-Kosovo Reconciliation Begins: Serbia-Kosovo agreement is legally binding, says Gabriel Escobar . 22 March 2023 . The Pavlovic Today . en-US.

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