Oh! Phnom Penh Explained

"Oh! Phnom Penh" is a Cambodian song written by Mum Bunnaray in 1979 as the Khmers Rouges left Phnom Penh and its population returned to a devastated city.[1] It has been recognized as "Cambodia's heritage protected forever".[2]

History

A smot for the fall of Phnom Penh

"Oh! Phnom Penh" came out just a few months after the Khmer Rouge regime (Democratic Kampuchea) collapsed and the populations that were starving in the countryside could come back to the city from which they had been chased three years before. The lyrics of "Oh! Phnom Penh" were written by Keo Chenda, who would later be Minister for Culture and Information and governor of Phnom Penh from 1982 to 1985. Keo Chenda also wrote the national anthem of the People's Republic of Kampuchea. The music of "Oh, Phnom Penh!" was composed by Catholic Khmer composer Mum Bunnaray, who was working at the national radio station in Phnom Penh. The latter asked his sister Mum Sokha to sing in the single. The song was recorded on January 3, 1979, in Kratie province and first broadcast on January 7, 1979.[3] It was the first song to be broadcast after the fall of the Khmer Rouge regime.[4] According to Khmer scholar Linda Saphan, "blasted throughout the countryside, the song spread a message of hope and return to normalcy and a desperate reminder that music lived on despite the terror of the genocide."[5]

This sad song marked the beginning of a new life in the field of art, culture and other fields in Cambodia, and is one among a series of songs that have helped to serve the memory of the Cambodian people until now, to heal the wounds left from the Khmer Rouge.[6]

A deep song on an ideological divide after the return of monarchy

The use of the song, as well as the celebration of the liberation of 7 January, was controversial in the 1990s when the political parties were reunified. In the late 1990s, the song returned and was heard on public media.

Becoming Cambodia's heritage protected forever

In 2011, a controversy arose as Cambodian pop singers attempted to make a cover of the song while changing its lyrics. The move was sensitive and seen as offensive for a generation which still suffered greatly from this trauma. It was also revealing of a generation gap between a generation of parents who survived the war and children who have only suffered from its consequences. While this decision was not understood by foreign media seeing a media ban rather than the result of a national trauma,[7] Minister Khieu Kanharith said in his letter condemning the cover of this historical landmark song that:

Today, "Oh! Phnom Penh" has become a colloquial form of lament on the state of the city of Phnom Penh, which stills suffers from the wounds and chaos left from the war, despite significant private and public investments.[8]

Composition

The title of "Oh! Phnom Penh" echoes, as a palinode, the first words "Oh! Battambang" of the Cambodian rock classic "Champa Battambang", and the difference of tone and content between the two songs reflects the dramatic shift from the joie de vivre of the Sangkum to the devastation of Year Zero. The melody of the song is monodic and follows the lines of the Cambodian lament of smot creating an effect of nostalgia and sadness on the heart of Khmer people.

Lyrics

!Khmer version!English translation
ឱ!ភ្នំពេញ អើយបីឆ្នាំនឹកអ្នក គ្មានស្បើយក្នុងឱរ៉ាខ្ញុំឃ្លាតពីអ្នក ចិត្តខ្ញុំខ្លោចផ្សាខ្មាំងផ្តាច់ចេតនា អ្នកហើយនឹងខ្ញុំខ្ញុំឃ្លាតអ្នកចេញទៅឱរ៉ាឆួលក្តៅ សំដៅសងសឹកជូនអ្នក ស បញ្ជាក់នៃក្តីចិត្តខ្ញុំភ្នំពេញ ដួងព្រលឹងជាទីស្នេហាបីឆ្នាំខ្លោចផ្សា តែអ្នករក្សាបានប្រវត្តិ ថ្លៃថ្លាអង់អាចក្លាហានអ្នកដំណាងឲ្យបាន ដួងព្រលឹងខ្មែរធ្លាប់មានប្រវត្តិ ល្បីល្បាញក្នុងលោកដែរព្រលឹងជាតិខ្មែរ ស្ថិតស្ថេរគង់វង់ជ្រកក្រោមម្លប់ទង់ ប្រាសាទអង្គរ អើយស្ថិតស្ថេរគង់វង់ជ្រកក្រោមម្លប់ទង់ប្រាសាទអង្គរ អើយឱភ្នំពេញអើយខ្ញុំជួបអ្នកវិញហើយទុក្ខសោកអ្នកបានស្បើយឱ! ដួងព្រលឹងអើយភ្នំពេញអើយអើយ ភ្នំពេញអើយOh! Phnom Penh 3 years I've missed you without a moment of ease I've parted from you with unbearable pain The enemy has intended to cut off our bond As I was forced to leave you My heart was inflamed with anger Seeking revenge In evidence to prove my loyalty to you Phnom Penh, the heart and soul of Cambodia 3 years you had endured Yet you were still able to stand strong Preserving a rich history of bravery Bestowed upon the Cambodian soulWith a history once well known around the world The soul of the Cambodian nation lives onDescendants living under the shadows of Angkor You continue to live on OhPenh, Penh, I meet you once again Your pain is now at ease Oh, the heart and soul of Cambodia! OhPhnom Penh![9]

References

  1. Web site: Siegel . Robert . 2015-04-22 . The Nearly Lost Story Of Cambodian Rock 'N' Roll . 2022-05-24 . . en.
  2. Web site: Kunthear . Mom . 2011-01-04 . Ministry bans remake of classic song . 2022-05-22 . . en.
  3. Web site: Sok . Visna . 2019-01-07 . "បទឱភ្នំពេញអើយ"ធ្វើឱ្យនឹកស្រណោះខ្លួន និងប្រទេសនាគ្រាកម្សត់ (មានវីដេអូ) . The nostalgic and patriotic effect of "Oh! Phnom Penh" in times of sadness . 2022-05-22 . Koh Santepheap Daily . km.
  4. Web site: 2021-08-01 . បទចម្រៀង "ឱ! ភ្នំពេញអើយ" បានរំឭកអំពីការចងចាំ(មានវីដេអូ) . The song "Oh! Phnom Penh" is a reminder for our memory . 2022-05-22 . Rasmei Kampuchea Daily . en-US.
  5. Saphan, L. (2017) Cambodian Popular Musical Influences from the 1950s to the Present Day, in Hyunjoon Shin and Keewoong Lee (eds.) 2017. Sounds from the Periphery: Modernity and Development of Asia Pop 1960-2000, Seoul: Chaeryun. pp.262-296.
  6. Web site: Kol . Sopha . 2021-01-07 . "ឱភ្នំពេញអើយ"ចម្រៀងដែលនាំឲ្យអ្នកស្តាប់នឹកស្រណោះជីវិតប្រជាជនខ្មែរនារបបខ្មៅងងឹត . "Oh! Phnom Penh", a song that makes the listener nostalgic of the life of the Cambodian people after the fall of a dark regime . 2022-05-22 . Nokor Wat News . km.
  7. Web site: Sok . Eléonore . 2020-02-08 . Aus den Medien verbannt . 2022-05-22 . Südostasien . de-DE.
  8. Web site: Chan . Roeun . 2014-07-07 . ឱភ្នំពេញអើយ! គួរគិតឡើងវិញពីការអភិវឌ្ឍភ្នំពេញនាពេលបច្ចុប្បន្ . O Phnom Penh! The current development of Phnom Penh should be reconsidered . 2022-05-22 . . km.
  9. Web site: Lyrics of "Oh! Phnom Penh" in English . 2022-05-22 . Documentation Center of Cambodia.

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