Office of Inspector General (United States) explained
In the United States, Office of Inspector General (OIG) is a generic term for the oversight division of a federal or state agency aimed at preventing inefficient or unlawful operations within their parent agency. Such offices are attached to many federal executive departments, independent federal agencies, as well as state and local governments. Each office includes an inspector general (or IG) and employees charged with identifying, auditing, and investigating fraud, waste, abuse, embezzlement and mismanagement of any kind within the executive department.
History
In the United States, other than in the military departments, the first Office of Inspector General was established by act of Congress in 1976 under the Department of Health and Human Services to eliminate waste, fraud, and abuse in Medicare, Medicaid, and more than 100 other departmental programs.[1] With approximately 1,600 employees, the HHS-OIG performs audits, investigations, and evaluations to recommend policy for decision-makers and the public.[2]
Ronald Reagan terminated 16 inspectors general when he entered into office in 1981. His administration explained that Reagan intended to hire his own selections. After Congress objected, Reagan rehired 5 of those terminated.[3]
George H. W. Bush also attempted to dismiss all the inspectors general when he became president in 1989, but relented after the inspectors general and Congress objected.[3]
Barack Obama dismissed Corporation for National and Community Service inspector general Gerald Walpin citing a lack of confidence in him.[3] After Congress objected to his lack of explanation, the Obama administration cited that Walpin had shown "troubling and inappropriate conduct", and pointed to an incident that year when Walpin was "disoriented" during a board meeting of the Corporation, because of which the board requested Walpin's dismissal.[3] Walpin sued for reinstatement, but the courts ruled against him.[3]
In 2020, Donald Trump dismissed or replaced five inspectors general within six weeks. Two permanent inspectors general were dismissed and three acting inspectors general were replaced.[4] Just after firing intelligence inspector general Michael Atkinson, Trump criticized Atkinson as having done a "terrible job" and that he "took a fake report and he brought it to Congress", in reference to the whistleblower complaint of the Trump–Ukraine scandal, which other testimony and evidence largely verified. Trump also described Atkinson as "not a big Trump fan".[5] [6] Around one month before Trump replaced Christi Grimm as acting health inspector general, he had called her report of shortages of medical supplies in American hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States as "wrong", "fake", and "her opinion", despite the report being based on a survey of 323 hospitals. Trump also questioned Grimm's motives for the report.[7] [8]
Authority
The Inspector General Act of 1978[9] created 12 departmental inspectors general. Thirty years later, in October 2008, the Inspector General Reform Act of 2008 added IGs in various other areas., there were 72 statutory IGs.[10]
The offices employ special agents (criminal investigators, often armed) and auditors. In addition, federal offices of inspectors general employ forensic auditors, or "audigators", evaluators, inspectors, administrative investigators, and a variety of other specialists. Their activities include the detection and prevention of fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement of the government programs and operations within their parent organizations. Office investigations may be internal, targeting government employees, or external, targeting grant recipients, contractors, or recipients of the various loans and subsidies offered through the thousands of federal domestic and foreign assistance programs.[11] The Inspector General Reform Act of 2008[12] (IGRA) amended the 1978 act[9] by increasing pay and various powers and creating the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (CIGIE).[13] [14]
Some inspectors general, the heads of the offices, are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.[15] For example, both the inspector general of the U.S. Department of Labor and the inspector general of the U.S. Agency for International Development are presidentially appointed. The remaining inspectors general are designated by their respective agency heads,[16] such as the U.S. Postal Service inspector general.[17] Presidentially appointed IGs can only be removed, or terminated, from their positions by the President of the United States, whereas designated inspectors general can be terminated by the agency head.[18] However, in both cases Congress must be notified of the termination, removal, or reassignment.
While the IG Act of 1978[9] requires that inspectors general be selected based upon their qualifications and not political affiliation, presidentially appointed inspectors general are considered political appointees and are often selected, if only in part and in addition to their qualifications, because of their political relationships and party affiliation. An example of the role political affiliation plays in the selection of an inspector general, and the resulting pitfalls, can be seen in the 2001 Republican appointment (and resignation under fire) of Janet Rehnquist[19] (daughter of former Chief Justice of the United States, William Rehnquist) to the post of inspector general for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.[20]
While all of the federal offices of inspectors general operate separately from one another, they share information and some coordination through the Council of Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency.[21], the CIGIE comprised 68 offices.[22] In addition to their inspector general members, the CIGIE includes non-inspector general representatives from the federal executive branch, such as executives from the Office of Management and Budget, the Office of Personnel Management, the Office of Government Ethics, the Office of Special Counsel, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The CIGIE also provides specialized training to the inspector general community.
Further evidence of coordination between federal offices of inspectors general can be seen by the public through the offices' shared website,[23] and the use of shared training facilities and resources, such as the Inspector General Criminal Investigator Academy (IGCIA),[24] and their Inspector General Community Auditor Training Team (IGCATS),[25] which are hosted by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC).
Evidence of the offices' return on investment to taxpayers can be seen through their semi-annual reports to Congress, most of which are available on each office's website.[26]
Since the post-9/11 enactment of the Homeland Security Act of 2002,[27] resulting in the amendment of the IG Act of 1978, Section 6e, most presidentially appointed IG special agents have had full law enforcement authority to carry firearms, make arrests, and execute search warrants. Prior to this time, most presidentially appointed IG and some designated IG special agents had the equivalent law enforcement authorities as a result of other statutes or annually required deputation by the U.S. Marshals Service. The 2002 amendment to the IG Act of 1978 made most deputation of presidentially appointed IG special agents unnecessary. Some designated IG special agents, however, still have full law enforcement authority today by virtue of this continued deputation. Some OIGs employ no criminal investigators and rely solely on administrative investigators, auditors, and inspectors.
Lists of inspectors general
Presidentially-appointed, Senate-confirmed (PAS) inspectors general
Establishment inspectors general
Special inspectors general
Vacancies and pending nominations
Announced nominations for unfilled PAS IGs awaiting confirmation in the Senate.[49]
List of presidentially-appointed inspectors general
- Afghanistan Reconstruction (Special)
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Arnold Fields | June 12, 2008 |
| Herbert Richardson (acting) | February 5, 2011 |
| John Sopko | July 2, 2012 | |
- Agency for International Development
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Herbert Beckington | September 1, 1977 |
| Jeffrey Rush | August 26, 1994 |
| Everett Mosley | August 2, 1999
|
| James Ebbitt (acting) | September 4, 2004 |
| Bruce Crandlemire (acting) | March 4, 2005 |
| Paula Hayes (acting) | October 4, 2005 |
| Donald Gambatesa | January 17, 2006 |
| Michael Carroll (acting) | October 16, 2011 |
| Catherine Trujillo (acting) | January 1, 2015 |
| Ann Calvaresi Barr | November 30, 2015 |
| Thomas J. Ullom (acting) | January 1, 2021 |
| Nicole Angarella (acting) | March 28, 2022 |
| Paul K. Martin | January 2, 2024 | |
- Department of Agriculture
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Lester Condon | July 19, 1962 |
| Nathaniel Kossack | May 1969 |
| Position abolished | January 9, 1974 |
| Thomas McBride | October 25, 1977 |
| Robert Magee (Acting) | January 27, 1981 |
| John Graziano | July 31, 1981 |
| Robert Beuley | August 11, 1986 |
| Leon Snead | December 26, 1988
|
| Charles Gillum (Acting) | January 1993 |
| Roger Viadero | October 14, 1994 |
| Joyce Fleischman (Acting) | October 3, 2001 |
| Phyllis Fong | December 2, 2002 | |
- Central Intelligence Agency
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| John Waller | July 1976 |
| Charles Briggs | January 1980 |
| James Taylor | September 1982 |
| John Stein | July 1984 |
| Carroll Hauver | December 23, 1985 |
| William Donnelly | January 18, 1988
|
| Frederick Hitz | November 13, 1990 |
| Dawn Ellison (acting) | May 1, 1998 |
| Britt Snider | August 3, 1998 |
| Rebecca Donegan (acting) | January 22, 2001 |
| George Clarke (acting) | January 14, 2002 |
| John Helgerson | April 26, 2002 |
| Patricia Lewis (acting) | March 21, 2009 |
| David Buckley | October 6, 2010 |
| Christopher Sharpley (acting) | February 1, 2015 |
| Christine Ruppert (acting) | August 2018 |
| Robin Ashton | June 28, 2021 |
|
- Department of Commerce
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Guy Chamberlin (Acting) | October 1, 1978 |
| Mary Bass | July 9, 1979 |
| Frederic Heim (Acting) | January 21, 1981 |
| Sherman Funk | October 2, 1981 |
| Frank DeGeorge | April 21, 1987
|
| Johnnie Frazier | January 7, 1998
|
| Elizabeth Barlow (acting) | June 7, 2007 |
| Todd Zinser | December 26, 2007 |
| Morgan Kim (acting) | June 4, 2015 |
| Peg Gustafson | January 9, 2017 |
| Roderick Anderson (acting) | January 5, 2024 |
| Jill Baisinger (acting) | May 31, 2024 | |
- Corporation for National and Community Service
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Judith Denny (Acting) | April 4, 1994 |
| Luise Jordan | October 6, 1994 |
| Terry Bathen (Acting) | February 24, 2002 |
| Russell George | July 29, 2002 |
| Carol Bates (Acting) | December 12, 2004 |
| Gerald Walpin | January 8, 2007 |
| Kenneth Bach (Acting) | July 12, 2009 |
| Deborah Jeffrey | July 19, 2012 |
| Stephen Ravas (Acting) | May 7, 2023 | |
- Department of Defense
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Joseph Sherick | April 20, 1981
|
| Derek Vander Schaaf (Acting) | June 1985 |
| June Gibbs Brown | November 13, 1987 |
| Derek Vander Schaaf (Acting) | October 20, 1989 |
| Susan Crawford | November 28, 1989 |
| Derek Vander Schaaf (Acting) | November 19, 1991 |
| Eleanor Hill | March 1, 1995 |
| Donald Manusco (Acting) | May 3, 1999 |
| Robert Lieberman (Acting) | January 4, 2001 |
| Joe Schmitz | April 2, 2002 |
| Thomas Gimble (Acting) | September 12, 2005 |
| Mick Kicklighter | April 30, 2007 |
| Gordon Heddell | July 14, 2008
|
| Lynne Halbrooks (Acting) | December 25, 2011 |
| Jon Rymer | September 17, 2013 |
| Glenn Fine (Acting) | January 14, 2016 |
| Sean O'Donnell (Acting) | April 6, 2020 |
| Robert Storch | December 14, 2022 | |
- Department of Education
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| John Yazurlo (Acting) | May 4, 1980 |
| James Thomas | August 26, 1980 |
| John Yazurlo (Acting) | January 27, 1981 |
| James Thomas | July 27, 1981 |
| Gretchen Schwarz (Acting) | March 4, 1995 |
| John Higgins (Acting) | April 3, 1995 |
| Thomas Bloom | January 3, 1996 |
| Steve McNamara (Acting) | January 1, 1998 |
| John Higgins (Acting) | March 1, 1998 |
| Lorraine Pratte Lewis | June 14, 1999 |
| John Higgins | May 27, 2002
|
| Mary Mitchelson (Acting) | July 1, 2008 |
| Kathleen Tighe | March 17, 2010 |
| Sandra Bruce | December 3, 2018
| |
- Department of Energy
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Joseph Seltzer (Acting) | October 1, 1977 |
| Kenneth Mansfield | May 24, 1978 |
| James Wright (Acting) | January 22, 1981 |
| James Richards | September 23, 1981 |
| John Layton | January 6, 1986 |
| Gregory Friedman | January 5, 1998
|
| Rickey Hass (Acting) | October 3, 2015 |
| April Stephenson (Acting) | January 2019 |
| Teri Donaldson | January 23, 2019 | |
- Environmental Protection Agency
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Malcolm Stringer (Acting) | November 1, 1978 |
| Inez Smith Reid | December 9, 1979 |
| Ernest Bradley (Acting) | January 25, 1981 |
| Matthew Novick | October 14, 1981 |
| Charles Dempsey (Acting) | February 24, 1983 |
| Donald Kirkendall (Acting) | June 13, 1983 |
| John Martin | October 27, 1983 |
| Nikki Tinsley | January 4, 1997
|
| Bill Roderick (Acting) | March 6, 2006 |
| Arthur Elkins | June 25, 2010 |
| Chuck Sheehan (Acting) | October 12, 2018 |
| Sean O'Donnell | January 27, 2020 | |
- Export-Import Bank
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Michael Tankersley | August 6, 2007 |
| Osvaldo Gratacós | October 31, 2009
|
| Mike McCarthy (Acting) | June 27, 2014 |
| Terry Settle (Acting) | September 2017 |
| Parisa Salehi (Acting) | August 2018 |
| Jennifer Fain (Acting) | August 3, 2019 |
| Parisa Salehi | March 14, 2022 | |
- Federal Communications Commission
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| John Kamp (Acting) | April 13, 1989 |
| James Warwick | October 23, 1989
|
| Walker Feaster | November 13, 1994
|
| Kent Nilsson | January 6, 2006
|
| David Hunt | June 5, 2009
|
| Sharon Diskin (Acting) | January 10, 2023 |
| Fara Damelin | March 25, 2024 | |
- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| James Renick (Acting) | March 8, 1993 |
| Gaston Gianni | April 29, 1996 |
| Patricia Black (Acting) | January 1, 2005 |
| Jon Rymer | June 22, 2006 |
| Fred Gibson (Acting) | September 17, 2013 |
| Jay Lerner | January 9, 2017 |
| Tyler Smith (Acting) | January 27, 2023 |
| Jennifer L. Fain | December 22, 2023 | |
- Federal Emergency Management Agency
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Russell Miller | August 4, 1990 |
| William Partridge (Acting) | May 1, 1994 |
| George Opfer | November 7, 1994 |
| Richard Skinner (Acting) | November 30, 2002 | |
- Federal Housing Finance Agency
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Steve Linick | September 29, 2010 |
| Michael Stephens (Acting) | September 30, 2013 |
| Laura Wertheimer | October 28, 2014 |
| Phyllis Fong (Acting) | August 2, 2021 |
| Brian Tomney | March 14, 2022 | |
- General Services Administration
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Kurt Muellenberg | April 11, 1979 |
| Michael Eberhardt (Acting) | January 21, 1981 |
| Brian Bruh (Acting) | March 3, 1981 |
| Joseph Sickon | August 5, 1981 |
| Charles Gillum (Acting) | August 5, 1984 |
| William Barton | November 19, 1985 |
| Joel Gallay (Acting) | June 4, 2001 |
| Daniel Levinson | August 9, 2001 |
| Joel Gallay (Acting) | June 9, 2005 |
| Brian Miller | August 9, 2005 |
| Robert Erickson (Acting) | May 1, 2014 |
| Carol Fortine Ochoa | July 29, 2015 |
| Robert Erickson (Acting) | July 1, 2023 | |
- Department of Health and Human Services
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Thomas Morris | February 19, 1977 |
| Richard Lowe (Acting) | September 1, 1979 |
| Brian Mitchell (Acting) | January 1, 1981 |
| Richard Kusserow | June 1, 1981 |
| Brian Mitchell (Acting) | July 1, 1992 |
| June Gibbs Brown | November 5, 1993 |
| Michael Mangano (Acting) | January 4, 2001 |
| Janet Rehnquist | August 8, 2001 |
| Dara Corrigan (Acting) | June 2, 2003 |
| Daniel Levinson | September 13, 2004
|
| Joanne Chiedi (Acting) | May 31, 2019 |
| Christi Grimm | December 27, 2019
| |
- Department of Homeland Security
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Clark Ervin | January 24, 2003
|
| Richard Skinner | December 8, 2004
|
| Charles Edwards (Acting) | February 27, 2011 |
| Carlton Mann (Acting) | December 17, 2014 |
| John Roth | March 10, 2014 |
| John Kelly (Acting) | December 1, 2017 |
| Jennifer Costello (Acting) | June 10, 2019 |
| Joseph Cuffari | July 25, 2019 | |
- Department of Housing and Urban Development
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Charles Haynes | January 31, 1972 |
| Charles Dempsey | May 24, 1975 |
| James Thomas | August 31, 1975 |
| Charles Dempsey | October 1, 1977 |
| Paul Adams (Acting) | January 21, 1981 |
| Charles Dempsey | August 5, 1981 |
| Paul Adams (Acting) | February 25, 1983 |
| Charles Dempsey | June 14, 1983 |
| Paul Adams (Acting) | February 4, 1985 |
| John Connors (Acting) | March 1, 1992 |
| Susan Gaffney | August 6, 1993 |
| James Heist (Acting) | June 4, 2001 |
| David Williams (Acting) | July 16, 2001 |
| Kenneth Donohue | May 20, 2002 |
| Michael Stephens (Acting) | October 2010 |
| David Montoya | December 1, 2011 |
| Helen Albert (Acting) | July 2017 |
| Rae Oliver Davis | January 23, 2019 | |
- Intelligence Community
- Department of the Interior
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| William Kendig (Acting) | October 17, 1978 |
| June Brown | May 10, 1979 |
| Richard Mulberry | July 14, 1981 |
| Robert Beuley (Acting) | October 1, 1981 |
| Arthur Dellinger (Acting) | October 26, 1984 |
| Robert Beuley (Acting) | May 2, 1985 |
| Thomas Sheehan (Acting) | September 8, 1985 |
| James Richards | January 6, 1986 |
| Joyce Fleischman (Acting) | April 1, 1993 |
| Wilma Lewis | April 10, 1995 |
| Robert Williams (Acting) | January 8, 1998 |
| Richard Reback (Acting) | July 1, 1998 |
| Eljay Bowron | November 2, 1998 |
| Robert Williams (Acting) | March 29, 1999 |
| Earl Devaney | August 5, 1999
|
| Mary Kendall (Acting) | February 23, 2009 |
| Mark Greenblatt | August 26, 2019 | |
- Internal Revenue Service
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Lawrence Rogers (Acting) | January 18, 1999 |
| David Williams | May 17, 1999 |
| Pamela Gardiner (Acting) | August 24, 2002 |
| Russell George | December 12, 2004 |
| Heather M. Hill (Acting) | January 1, 2024 | |
- Department of Justice
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Anthony Moscato (Acting) | April 14, 1989 |
| Richard Hankinson | June 25, 1990 |
| Michael Bromwich | June 9, 1994 |
| Robert Ashbaugh (Acting) | August 16, 1999 |
| Glenn Fine | August 10, 2000
|
| Cynthia Schnedar (Acting) | January 29, 2011 |
| Michael Horowitz | April 16, 2012 | |
- Department of Labor
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Rocco De Marco (Acting) | October 23, 1978 |
| Marjorie Fine Knowles | May 18, 1979 |
| Ronald Goldstock (Acting) | May 2, 1980 |
| Frank Yeager (Acting) | February 1, 1981 |
| Thomas McBride | July 18, 1981 |
| Robert McGee (Acting) | October 16, 1982 |
| Brian Hyland | March 23, 1983
|
| Raymond Maria (Acting) | September 3, 1989 |
| Julian De La Rosa | August 6, 1990 |
| Charles Masten | March 20, 1993
|
| Patricia Dalton (Acting) | January 3, 2000 |
| Gordon Heddell | January 2, 2001 |
| Daniel Petrole (Acting) | July 15, 2008 |
| Scott Dahl | October 16, 2013 |
| Larry Turner | June 21, 2020
| |
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Robert Allnut (Acting) | October 1, 1978 |
| Eldon Taylor | August 1, 1979 |
| Brian Hyland (Acting) | December 1, 1980 |
| June Gibbs Brown | June 14, 1981 |
| Bill Colvin | October 17, 1985 |
| Lewis Rinker (Acting) | September 4, 1994 |
| Roberta Gross | August 15, 1995 |
| Frank LaRocca (Acting) | March 3, 2002 |
| Robert Cobb | April 22, 2002 |
| Thomas Howard (Acting) | April 11, 2009 |
| Paul Martin | November 20, 2009 |
| George Scott (Acting) | January 2, 2024 | |
- National Reconnaissance Office
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Susan Gibson | September 26, 2016 |
| Terrence Edwards | December 23, 2022 | |
- National Security Agency
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Russell Decker (Acting) | December 2016 |
| Robert Storch | January 11, 2018 |
| Kevin Gerrity (Acting) | January 11, 2018 | |
- Nuclear Regulatory Commission
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| David Williams | November 22, 1989 |
| Leo Norton (Acting) | September 1, 1995 |
| Hubert Bell | July 8, 1996 |
| David Lee (Acting) | December 31, 2018 |
| Robert Feitel | May 27, 2020 | |
- Pandemic Recovery (Special)
- Office of Personnel Management
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Patrick Conklin | March 1, 1987 |
| Joseph Willever (Acting) | April 16, 1989 |
| Patrick McFarland | August 9, 1990 |
| Norbert Vint (Acting) | February 19, 2016 |
| Krista Boyd | April 28, 2022 | |
- Railroad Retirement Board
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| William Doyle | January 14, 1986 |
| Charles Sekerak (Acting) | April 8, 1994 |
| Martin Dickman | October 14, 1994 | |
- Resolution Trust Corporation
- Small Business Administration
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Raymond Randolph (Acting) | October 12, 1978 |
| Paul Boucher | July 1, 1979 |
| Raymond Randolph (Acting) | January 21, 1981 |
| Paul Boucher | July 21, 1981 |
| Raymond Randolph (Acting) | July 5, 1982 |
| Mary Wieseman | May 10, 1983 |
| Raymond Randolph (Acting) | September 7, 1986 |
| Charles Gillum | April 7, 1987 |
| Daniel Peyser (Acting) | August 19, 1990 |
| James Hoobler | April 18, 1991 |
| Karen Lee (Acting) | December 1, 1997 |
| Phyllis Fong | April 6, 1999 |
| Peter McClintock (Acting) | December 2, 2002 |
| Harold Damelin | April 21, 2003 |
| Peter McClintock (Acting) | April 4, 2005 |
| Eric Thorson | April 2006 |
| Peter McClintock (Acting) | August 12, 2008 |
| Peg Gustafson | October 2, 2009 |
| Mike Ware | January 9, 2017
| |
- Social Security Administration
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| June Gibbs Brown | March 31, 1995 |
| David Williams | January 4, 1996 |
| James Huse | June 22, 1998 |
| Patrick O'Carroll | March 7, 2004
|
| Gale Stallworth Stone (Acting) | May 29, 2016 |
| Gail Ennis | January 29, 2019 |
| Michelle Anderson (Acting) | June 29, 2024 | |
- Department of State
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Raymond Miller | March 1, 1954 – October 31, 1960 |
| Gerald Drew | November 13, 1960 – May 31, 1962 |
| Norris Haselton | June 10, 1962 – July 31, 1964 |
| Fraser Wilkins | July 23, 1964 – August 8, 1971 |
| Thomas McElhiney | July 1, 1971 – July 18, 1973 |
| Jim Sutterlin | October 15, 1973 |
| Robert Yost (Acting) | September 1, 1974 |
| William Schaufele | August 22, 1975 |
| Robert Sayre | November 24, 1975 |
| Brandon Grove (Acting) | May 1, 1978 |
| Ted Eliot | July 5, 1978 – October 16, 1978 |
| Robert Brewster | January 14, 1979 – January 21, 1981 |
| Robert Brown | January 21, 1981 – June 30, 1983
|
| William Harrop | December 12, 1983
|
| Bryon Hollingsworth (Acting) | August 27, 1986 |
| Sherman Funk | August 14, 1987 |
| Rocky Suddarth (Acting) | February 15, 1994 |
| Harold Geisel (Acting) | June 12, 1994 |
| Jacquelyn Williams-Bridgers | April 7, 1995 |
| Anne Sigmund (Acting) | February 4, 2001 |
| Clark Ervin | August 3, 2001 |
| Anne Sigmund (Acting) | January 24, 2003 |
| Anne Patterson (Acting) | September 28, 2003 |
| John Lange (Acting) | August 3, 2004 |
| Cameron Hume (Acting) | August 23, 2004 |
| Howard Krongard | May 2, 2005 |
| Harold Geisel (Acting) | January 16, 2008 |
| Steve Linick | September 30, 2013
|
| Stephen Akard (Acting) | May 15, 2020 |
| Diana Shaw (Acting) | August 7, 2020 |
| Matthew Klimow (Acting) | August 31, 2020 |
| Diana Shaw (Acting) | December 11, 2020 |
| Sandra Lewis (Acting) | April 5, 2024 |
| Cardell K. Richardson, Sr. | May 20, 2024 | |
- Tennessee Valley Authority
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Richard Chambers (Acting) | December 1, 2000 |
| Donald Hickman (Acting) | January 26, 2002 |
| Richard Moore | May 9, 2003 |
| Jill Matthews (Acting) | September 21, 2017 |
| Ben Wagner | June 6, 2022 | |
- Department of Transportation
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Frenk Sato | May 10, 1979 |
| Joseph Genovese (Acting) | January 22, 1981 |
| Joseph Welsch | July 18, 1981 |
| Joseph Genovese (Acting) | January 1, 1986 |
| John Melchner | October 12, 1986 |
| Raymond DeCarli (Acting) | January 1, 1990 |
| Mary Schiavo | October 31, 1990 |
| Mario Lauro (Acting) | July 8, 1996 |
| Joyce Fleischman (Acting) | August 12, 1996 |
| Kenneth Mead | May 29, 1997 |
| Todd Zinser (Acting) | February 11, 2006 |
| Calvin Scovel | October 27, 2006 |
| Mitch Behm (Acting) | February 1, 2020 |
| Skip Elliott (Acting) | May 16, 2020 |
| Eric J. Soskin | January 11, 2021 | |
- Department of the Treasury
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Leon Wigrizer | August 18, 1978 |
| Eugene Essner (Acting) | February 1, 1981 |
| Paul Trause | August 12, 1981 |
| Emily Marwell (Acting) | February 26, 1984 |
| John Layton | September 9, 1984 |
| Michael Hill | April 6, 1986
|
| Robert Cesca (Acting) | June 1, 1989 |
| Donald Kirkendall | November 22, 1989 |
| Robert Cesca (Acting) | January 21, 1993 |
| Valerie Lau | October 11, 1994 |
| Richard Calahan (Acting) | February 9, 1998 |
| David Williams | October 26, 1998 |
| Lawrence Rogers (Acting) | May 17, 1999 |
| Jeffrey Rush | July 30, 1999 |
| Dennis Schindel (Acting) | April 3, 2004 |
| Harold Damelin | April 4, 2005 |
| Dennis Schindel (Acting) | April 30, 2007 |
| Eric Thorson | August 12, 2008 |
| Rich Delmar (Acting) | June 30, 2019 | |
- Troubled Assets Relief Program (Special)
- U.S. Information Agency
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Anthony Gabriel | July 2, 1987 |
| George Murphy | August 6, 1990 |
| Terence Shea (Acting) | May 1, 1993 |
| Marian Bennet | November 28, 1993 | |
- Department of Veterans Affairs
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| John Williams (Acting) | November 9, 1977 |
| Allan Reynolds | May 1, 1979 |
| Morris Silverstein (Acting) | January 21, 1981 |
| Frank Sato | July 31, 1981 |
| Renald Morani | January 1, 1988 |
| Stephen Trodden | August 4, 1990 |
| William Merriman (Acting) | January 3, 1996 |
| Richard Griffin | November 11, 1997 |
| Jon Wooditch (Acting) | June 22, 2005 |
| George Opfer | November 17, 2005 |
| Richard Griffin (Acting) | January 1, 2014 |
| Linda Halliday (Acting) | July 6, 2015 |
| Michael Missal | May 2, 2016 | |
Designated federal entity (DFE) inspectors general
List of DFE IGs
- Appalachian Regional Commission
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Hubert Sparks | October 2, 1989 |
| Clifford Jennings | April 8, 2002 |
| Hubert Sparks | April 18, 2011 |
| Philip Heneghan | February 19, 2020 | |
- Architect of the Capitol
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Carol Bates | August 18, 2008 |
| Kevin Mulshine | September 8, 2013 |
| Thomas Lehrich (Acting) | December 2016 |
| Christopher Failla | April 17, 2017 | |
- Capitol Police
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Carl Hoecker | July 10, 2006 |
| Fay Ropella | February 11, 2013
|
| Michael Bolton | March 30, 2018
| |
- Committee for Purchase from People Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Nancy Wentzler | September 24, 1989 |
| Donald Smith (Acting) | June 17, 1990 |
| Roy Lavik | October 7, 1990 |
| Brett Baker (acting) | May 17, 2023 | |
- Consumer Product Safety Commission
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Thomas Stein | April 7, 1989
|
| Mary Wyles | August 2, 1998
|
| Christopher Dentel | January 9, 2003
| |
- Corporation for Public Broadcasting
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Lester Latney | April 17, 1989 |
| Joe Arvizu | February 16, 1997 |
| Frederick Lau (Acting) | May 26, 1998 |
| Kenneth Konz | November 9, 1998 |
| Mary Mitchelson | June 3, 2013 |
| William Richardson (Acting) | April 26, 2019 |
| Kimberly Howell | October 7, 2019 | |
- Denali Commission
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Michael Marsh | December 22, 2006 |
| David Sheppard (Acting) | May 28, 2014 |
| Roderick Fillinger | 2014 | |
- Election Assistance Commission
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Roger LaRouche (Acting) | August 9, 2005 |
| Curtis Crider | August 24, 2006 |
| Roger LaRouche (Acting) | September 30, 2015 |
| Patricia Layfield | February 22, 2016 | |
- Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| William Miller | January 4, 1989 |
| Aletha Brown | February 6, 1995
|
| Milton Mayo | January 1, 2010
| |
- Farm Credit Administration
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Eldon Stoehr | January 22, 1989 |
| Elizabeth Dean (Acting) | December 16, 2000 |
| Stephen Smith | January 12, 2001 |
| Elizabeth Dean (Acting) | June 16, 2005 |
| Carl Clinefelter | July 10, 2005 |
| Elizabeth Dean | January 4, 2013
|
| Wendy Laguarda | August 1, 2017 | |
- Federal Election Commission
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Craig Crooks (Acting) | April 17, 1989 |
| Lynne McFarland | February 11, 1990 |
| Cameron Thurber (Acting) | March 1, 2017 |
| Vacant | November 9, 2018 |
| Tony Baptiste (Acting) | May 22, 2019 |
| Christopher Skinner | August 5, 2019 | |
- Federal Labor Relations Authority
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Paul Miller | September 24, 1989 |
| John Zielinski (Acting) | April 15, 1994 |
| William Tobey (Acting) | April 30, 1994 |
| John Suszko (Acting) | May 23, 1994 |
| William Tobey (Acting) | October 30, 1994 |
| Robert Andary | May 7, 1995 |
| William Tobey (Acting) | July 20, 1997 |
| Francine Eichler | February 22, 1998 |
| Charlie Center (Acting) | January 3, 2010 |
| Dana Rooney | August 30, 2010 | |
- Federal Maritime Commission
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Tony Kominoth | February 26, 1989 |
| Bridgette Hicks (Acting) | March 3, 2005 |
| Adam Trzeciak | April 16, 2006 |
| Dana Rooney (Acting) | January 22, 2013 |
| Jon Hatfield | August 12, 2013
| |
- Federal Reserve Board
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Brent Bowen | July 20, 1987 |
| Barry Snyder | June 1, 1998 |
| Beth Coleman | May 6, 2007 |
| Mark Bialek | July 25, 2011 | |
- Federal Trade Commission
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Frederick Zirkel | June 6, 1989 |
| Adam Trzeciak (Acting) | February 1, 2005 |
| Howard Sribnick | May 30, 2005 |
| John Seeba | January 7, 2008 |
| Scott Wilson | August 13, 2012 |
| Kelly Tshibaka (Acting) | June 1, 2014 |
| Roslyn Mazer | March 29, 2015 |
| Andrew Katsaros | June 8, 2018
| |
- Government Accountability Office
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Francis Garcia | January 19, 1986 |
| Cathy Helm (Acting) | December 29, 2012 |
| Adam Trzeciak | January 13, 2013 | |
- Government Publishing Office
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Joyce Blaylock | March 10, 1985 |
| Victor Bouril (acting) | June 16, 1990 |
| Lewis Small | May 7, 1995 |
| Thomas Muldoon (acting) | January 6, 1997 |
| Robert Andary | November 9, 1997 |
| Andrew Killgore (acting) | February 7, 2003 |
| Marc Nichols | March 17, 2003 |
| Greg Brower | October 3, 2004 |
| Anthony Ogden | October 1, 2006 |
| Michael Raponi | November 21, 2011 |
| Stephen Roy (acting) | April 2018 |
| Melinda Miguel | July 12, 2018 |
| James Ives (acting) | January 8, 2019 |
| Mike Leary | April 24, 2019 | |
- House of Representatives
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| John Lainhart | November 14, 1993 – March 31, 1999 |
| Steve McNamara | March 13, 2000 – May 30, 2005 |
| James Cornell | March 2, 2006 – January 2, 2010 |
| Terry Grafenstine | January 2, 2010 – September 2017
|
| Michael Ptasienski | September 2017 – present
| |
- International Development Finance Corporation
- International Trade Commission
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Jane Altenhofen | April 17, 1989 |
| Dev Jagadesan (acting) | May 30, 1999 |
| Kenneth Clark | July 15, 2001 |
| Jean Smith (acting) | November 1, 2005 |
| Vacant | March 12, 2006 |
| Jean Smith (acting) | August 19, 2007 |
| Vacant | December 20, 2007 |
| Judith Gwynn (acting) | January 6, 2008 |
| Antonio Baptiste (acting) | August 17, 2009 |
| Philip Heneghan | December 6, 2009 |
| Rhonda Turnbow (acting) | March 1, 2020 |
| Rashmi Bartlett | July 6, 2021 | |
- Iraq Reconstruction (Special)
- Legal Services Corporation
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| David Wilkinson | September 5, 1989 |
| Robert Holliday (Acting) | September 6, 1991 |
| Edouard Quatrevaux | September 17, 1991 |
| Leonard Koczur (Acting) | December 2, 2000 |
| Kirt West | September 1, 2004 |
| Dutch Merryman (Acting) | September 16, 2007 |
| Jeffrey Schanz | March 3, 2008 | |
- Library of Congress
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Karl Schornagel | March 12, 2001 |
| Kurt Hyde | July 28, 2014 | |
- National Archives and Records Administration
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Lawrence Oberg | April 16, 1989 |
| Debra Guentzel (Acting) | November 9, 1992 |
| Roberta Gross (Acting) | January 10, 1993 |
| Floyd Justice | June 1, 1993 |
| Robert Taylor (Acting) | July 23, 1995 |
| Kelly Sisario | March 18, 1996 |
| Ralph McNamara (Acting) | July 4, 1999 |
| Paul Brachfeld | December 19, 1999 |
| James Springs | September 12, 2012
|
| Brett Baker | April 19, 2021
| |
- National Credit Union Administration
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Joan Perry | March 23, 1989 |
| Frank Thomas | September 8, 1992 |
| William DeSarno (Acting) | July 8, 2002 |
| Herbert Yolles | October 21, 2002 |
| William DeSarno | April 1, 2005 |
| Jim Hagen | June 1, 2013 | |
- National Endowment for the Arts
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Leon Lilly | April 9, 1989 |
| Edward Johns | October 15, 1995
|
| Daniel Shaw | January 14, 2001
|
| Tonie Jones | March 17, 2008 |
| Michael Binder (Acting) | December 28, 2015 |
| Ron Stith | June 13, 2016 | |
- National Endowment for the Humanities
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Sheldon Bernstein | April 12, 1989 |
| Laura Davis | January 30, 2011
| |
- National Labor Relations Board
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Bernard Levine | November 7, 1989 |
| John Higgins (Acting) | July 25, 1994 |
| Robert Allen | September 23, 1996
|
| Aileen Armstrong | May 18, 1998 |
| Jane Altenhofen | May 30, 1999 |
| Vacant | December 21, 2007 |
| David Berry | November 23, 2008 | |
- National Railroad Passenger Corporation
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Fred Weiderhold | April 3, 1989 |
| Lorraine Green (Acting) | June 17, 2009 |
| Ted Alves | November 5, 2009 |
| Tom Howard | February 4, 2014 |
| Kevin Winters | February 1, 2019 | |
- National Science Foundation
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Linda Sundro | April 30, 1989 |
| Philip Sunshine (Acting) | April 12, 1998 |
| Christine Boesz | January 18, 2000 |
| Allison Lerner | April 27, 2009 | |
- Panama Canal Commission
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| John Mathis | April 16, 1989 |
| Peter Liehr | December 15, 1989 |
| William Forbes | January 4, 1997 |
| Victor Diamond | January 4, 1998 | |
- Peace Corps
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Gerard Roy | January 23, 1989 |
| John Hale (Acting) | February 14, 1992 |
| Michael Hill | May 31, 1992 |
| Michael Tully (Acting) | February 9, 1993 |
| Jeffrey Rush (Acting) | February 21, 1993 |
| Deborah Holt Kirk | March 6, 1994 |
| Charles Maddox | April 30, 1995
|
| Charles Smith | July 6, 1997
|
| David Kotz | January 6, 2006 |
| Kathy Buller | May 25, 2008 | |
- Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Wayne Poll | April 24, 1989 |
| Deborah Stover-Springer (Acting) | June 1, 2002 |
| Robert Emmons | January 16, 2003 |
| Deborah Stover-Springer (Acting) | October 3, 2007 |
| Rebecca Batts | April 30, 2008 |
| Deborah Stover-Springer (Acting) | October 3, 2013 |
| Bob Westbrooks | May 2015 |
| Nicholas Novak (Acting) | April 27, 2020 | |
- Postal Regulatory Commission
- Postal Service
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Charles Clauson | October 18, 1988 |
| Kenneth Hunter | September 5, 1992 |
| Karla Corcoran | January 4, 1997 |
| David Williams | August 20, 2003 |
| Tammy Whitcomb | February 19, 2016
| |
- Securities and Exchange Commission
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Walter Stachnik | March 12, 1989 |
| Nelson Egbert (acting) | August 6, 2007 |
| David Kotz | December 5, 2007 |
| Noelle Maloney (acting) | January 30, 2012 |
| Jon Rymer (acting) | May 31, 2012 |
| Carl Hoecker | February 11, 2013 | |
- Smithsonian Institution
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| John Fawsett (acting) | April 17, 1989 |
| Thomas Blair | June 3, 1990 |
| Debra Ritt | March 7, 2005 |
| Sprightley Ryan | June 11, 2006
|
| Scott Dahl | January 15, 2012 |
| Cathy Helm | July 14, 2014 | |
- Tennessee Valley Authority
| Officeholder | Term start |
|---|
| Norman Zigrossi | January 25, 1986 |
| George Prosser (acting) | April 16, 1992 |
| William Hinshaw | May 4, 1992 |
| George Prosser | April 1, 1994 |
| Robert Thompson (acting) | August 22, 1999 |
| George Prosser | March 18, 2000 | |
Legislative agency inspectors general
U.S. military
Within the United States Armed Forces, the position of inspector general is normally part of the personal staff serving a general or flag officer in a command position. The inspector general's office functions in two ways. To a certain degree they are ombudsmen for their branch of service. However, their primary function is to ensure the combat readiness of subordinate units in their command.
An armed services inspector general also investigates noncriminal allegations and some specific criminal allegations, to include determining if the matter should be referred for criminal investigation by the service's criminal investigative agency.
The Air Force Inspector General Complaints Program was established to address the concerns of Air Force active duty, reserve, and Guard members, civilian employees, family members, and retirees, as well as the interest of the Air Force. One of the first responsibilities of the Air Force inspector general is to operate a credible complaints program that investigates personnel complaints: Fraud, Waste, and Abuse (FWA) allegations; congressional inquiries; and issues involving the Air Force mission. Personnel complaints and FWA disclosures to the IG help commanders correct problems that affect the productivity, mission accomplishment, and morale of assigned personnel, which are areas of high concern to Air Force leaders at all levels.[76]
Former
Review boards
Stark Law and Anti-Kickback Statute enforcement
HHS-OIG develops and distributes resources to assist the health care industry in its efforts to comply with the nation's fraud and abuse laws and to educate the public about fraudulent schemes so that it can protect itself and report suspicious activities.[1]
Recently, HHS-OIG has targeted hospitals and healthcare systems for Stark Law and Anti-Kickback Statute violations pertaining to the management of physician compensation arrangements.[77] In 2015, a fraud alert was issued to publicize the OIG's intent to further regulate such non-compliance.[78] In light of such efforts and consequent record-breaking settlements, healthcare experts have begun to call for the transition from paper-based physician time logging and contract management to automated solutions.[79]
Criticism
Inspectors general have also been criticized for being ineffective and persecuting whistleblowers rather than protecting them. One example is from the Securities and Exchange Commission OIG. In a 2011 article by Matt Taibbi, SEC whistleblowers said that complaining to the SEC OIG was "well-known to be a career-killer".[80] Another example is from whistleblower Jesselyn Radack's book Canary in the Coalmine, in which she describes her experience complaining to the Department of Justice OIG; instead of helping her, the IG office helped the DOJ get her fired and restricted from practicing as a lawyer.[81] Another example is from the Thomas Andrews Drake case, in which several complainants to the Department of Defense OIG over NSA's Trailblazer Project were later raided by the FBI and some threatened with criminal prosecution.[82]
See also
Further reading
- Book: Hilliard, Nadia . 2017 . The Accountability State: US Federal Inspectors General and the Pursuit of Democratic Integrity . Studies in Government and Public Policy . Lawrence, Kansas . University Press of Kansas . 9780700623976 . j.ctt1p6qpbk . 1005678179.
External links
Notes and References
- News: oig.hhs.gov . About DHSS-OIG.
- Web site: . Overview of the Inspectors General 1978-Present . ignet.gov.
- News: Kirby . Jen . Trump's purge of inspectors general, explained . June 11, 2020 . . May 28, 2020.
- News: The internal watchdogs Trump has fired or replaced. Quinn. Melissa. May 19, 2020. CBS News. June 11, 2020.
- News: Baker . Peter . Trump Proceeds With Post-Impeachment Purge Amid Pandemic . April 24, 2020 . . April 4, 2020 . https://archive.today/20200405041817/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/04/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-post-impeachment-purge.html . April 5, 2020.
- News: Cook . Nancy . Sideshow Don: Trump pursues a non-virus agenda . April 24, 2020 . . June 11, 2020.
- News: Stracqualursi . Veronica . Trump names his pick for HHS inspector general after criticizing acting official over coronavirus report . June 11, 2020 . . May 2, 2020.
- Web site: Robertson . Lori . The HHS Inspector General Report . 7 April 2020 . . June 11, 2020.
- Web site: . Inspector General Act of 1978. ignet.gov . https://web.archive.org/web/20110518183349/http://www.ignet.gov/pande/leg/igactasof0609.pdf . 2011-05-18 . mdy-all .
- Web site: 14 July 2014 . THE INSPECTORS GENERAL . 9 September 2023 . www.ignet.gov.
- Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20040116023440/http://12.46.245.173/cfda/cfda.html . 2004-01-16 . Federal domestic and foreign assistance programs . mdy-all.
- Web site: . ignet.gov . Inspector General Reform Act of 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101124163722/http://ignet.gov/pande/leg/pl110-409.htm . 2010-11-24 . mdy-all.
- Web site: Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP . Stimulus Bill and Strings: Massive Federal Spending Will Be Accompanied by Increased Inspectors General Oversight and Investigations.
- Web site: H.R.928 - Improving Government Accountability Act . OpenCongress . https://web.archive.org/web/20100430160758/http://www.opencongress.org/bill/110-h928/show . 2010-04-30 . mdy-all.
- Web site: . ignet.gov . Inspector General Historical Data – Federal Departments . https://web.archive.org/web/20090813000106/http://www.ignet.gov/igs/ighistory.pdf . August 13, 2009 . May 17, 2007 . mdy-all.
- Web site: . ignet.gov . ECIE Members. https://web.archive.org/web/20050324122815/http://www.ignet.gov/pande/emembers1.html . 2005-03-24 . mdy-all .
- Web site: Home Page . USPS Office of Inspector General . www.uspsoig.gov . 2016-06-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120327170207/http://www.uspsoig.gov/ . 2012-03-27 . dead . mdy-all.
- Web site: . ignet.gov . Executive Order 12805 – Integrity and Efficiency in Federal Programs . https://web.archive.org/web/20050305213621/http://www.ignet.gov/pande/exorder.html . 2005-03-05 . mdy-all . May 11, 1992.
- Web site: HHS Chief Janet Rehnquist Will Resign . phillyburbs.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20050324170227/http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/53169.html . 2005-03-24 . dead . Larry . Margasak . The Associated Press . mdy-all.
- Web site: Office of Inspector General - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . oig.hhs.gov.
- Web site: . ignet.gov . President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency – Executive Council on Integrity and Efficiency. https://web.archive.org/web/20050305164949/http://www.ignet.gov/pcieecie1.html . 2005-03-05 . mdy-all .
- Web site: . ignet.gov . President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency Members . https://web.archive.org/web/20050305213828/http://www.ignet.gov/pande/pmembers1.html . 2005-03-05 . mdy-all.
- Web site: . ignet.gov . IGNET - Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency.
- Web site: . ignet.gov . Inspector General Criminal Investigator Academy. https://web.archive.org/web/20081210095926/http://www.ignet.gov/igcia/index.htm . 2008-12-10 . mdy-all .
- Web site: . ignet.gov . Inspector General Community Auditor Training . https://web.archive.org/web/20081210095954/http://www.ignet.gov/pande/igcats/index.htm . 2008-12-10 . mdy-all.
- Web site: Inspector General Directory/Homepages. ignet.gov. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency. https://web.archive.org/web/20050308114845/http://www.ignet.gov/igs/homepage1.html. 2005-03-08. mdy-all.
- Web site: Homeland Security Act of 2002.
- Web site: 2017-07-25 . Presidentially-appointed / Senate Confirmed IG Appointed Chronicle . 2022-12-23 . Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (CIGIE).
- CIA [@CIA] (June 28, 2021) "#CIA welcomes Robin Ashton, our new Senate-confirmed Inspector General. IG Ashton most recently served as Principal Deputy Inspector General for the Intelligence Community and brings a wealth of experience to CIA, including more than three decades @TheJusticeDept." (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2022 — via Twitter.
- Web site: Biden to replace embattled acting Commerce IG . 2024-06-02 . Government Executive.
- Web site: SEC.gov SEC Appoints Deborah J. Jeffrey as Inspector General . 2023-05-08 . www.sec.gov.
- Web site: 2023-01-05 . DoD OIG Newsletter - January 2023 . 2023-01-16 . Department of Defense Office of Inspector General.
- Web site: Teri L. Donaldson . 2022-12-23 . Energy.gov . en.
- Web site: US EPA . OIG . 2014-01-17 . About EPA's Office of Inspector General . 2022-12-23 . www.epa.gov . en.
- Web site: OIG Senior Staff EXIM.GOV . 2022-12-23 . www.exim.gov.
- Web site: The Honorable Fara Damelin . 2024-05-22 . www.fcc.gov.
- Web site: Meet the IG . 2024-05-22 . www.fdic.gov.
- Web site: Meet the Inspector General FHFA-OIG . 2022-12-23 . www.fhfaoig.gov . en.
- https://www.hudoig.gov/about-hud-oig/organization-staff/inspector-general-immediate-office/rae-oliver-davis "The Honorable Rae Oliver Davis | HUD-OIG"
- Web site: 2022-12-23 . The Honorable Thomas A. Monheim . Office of Intelligence Community Inspector General.
- Web site: Inspector General . 2022-12-23 . Office of Inspector General, U.S. Department of the Interior . en.
- Web site: Meet the Inspector General . 2022-12-23 . oig.justice.gov.
- Web site: 2022-12-23 . Mr. Robert J. Feitel . Office of the Inspector General, Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board.
- Web site: Krista A. Boyd . 2022-12-23 . Office of Personnel Management . en.
- Web site: Inspector General . 2022-12-23 . U.S. Small Business Administration . en.
- Web site: Inspector General - Ben R. Wagner TVA OIG - Office of the Inspector General . 2022-12-23 . oig.tva.gov.
- Web site: Inspector General Office of Inspector General U.S. Department of Transportation . 2022-12-23 . www.oig.dot.gov.
- Web site: Inspector General . 2022-12-23 . www.va.gov.
- Web site: Inspector General Vacancy Tracker . Project on Government Oversight . May 5, 2020.
- President Biden Announces Key Nominees . January 11, 2024 . The White House . January 11, 2024.
- President Biden Announces Key Nominees . July 31, 2024 . The White House . July 31, 2024.
- Accounting Today [@AccountingToday] (January 4, 2024) "J. Russell George, the longtime leader of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, died Monday after an unspecified prolonged illness." (Tweet). Retrieved January 8, 2024 — via Twitter.
- President Biden Announces Key Nominees . July 23, 2024 . The White House . July 23, 2024.
- Web site: Embattled Social Security watchdog to resign after tumultuous tenure . 2024-07-01 . washingtonpost.com . en.
- Web site: Riddle . China . 2020-02-19 . ARC Announces Philip M. Heneghan To Head Office of Inspector General . 2022-12-23 . Appalachian Regional Commission . en-US.
- Web site: 2022-10-13 . Stefania Pozzi Porter Named U.S. AbilityOne Commission Inspector General . 2023-03-21 . U.S. AbilityOne Commission.
- Oversight of Inspectors General: The CIGIE Integrity Committee . Wilhelm . Ben . May 24, 2023 . U.S. Congressional Research Service . IF12410 . June 15, 2023.
- Web site: 2015-03-22 . Designated Federal Entity IG Appointment Chronicle . 2022-12-23 . Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (CIGIE).
- Web site: 2019-10-03 . Kimberly Howell Appointed Inspector General for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting . 2022-12-23 . www.cpb.org . en.
- Web site: DIA OIG Organization . 2023-06-15 . oig.dia.mil.
- Web site: Office of Inspector General – Denali Commission . 2022-12-23 . www.denali.gov.
- Web site: The EAC Names Brianna Schletz as Commission's Next Inspector General U.S. Election Assistance Commission . 2022-12-23 . www.eac.gov.
- Web site: Joyce Willoughby Named as EEOC's New Inspector General . 2023-03-21 . US EEOC . en.
- Web site: 2022-07-31 . Wendy Laguarda Named Inspector General for Farm Credit Administration . 2022-12-23 . Farm Credit Administration.
- Web site: FEC names Christopher Skinner Inspector General . 2022-12-23 . FEC.gov . en.
- Web site: 2018-06-08 . Federal Trade Commission Appoints Andrew Katsaros as Agency's Acting Inspector General . 2022-12-23 . Federal Trade Commission . en.
- Web site: 2018-07-12 . Andrew Katsaros . 2022-12-23 . Federal Trade Commission . en.
- Web site: Boehler . Adam . 2022-08-20 . The Office of Inspector General's Role at DFC . 2022-12-23 . U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC).
- Web site: Rekha "Rashmi" Bartlett Named Inspector General at U.S. International Trade Commission USITC . 2022-12-23 . www.usitc.gov.
- Web site: LSC Board of Directors Appoints Tom Yatsco to Inspector General . 2023-04-28 . LSC - Legal Services Corporation: America's Partner for Equal Justice . en.
- Web site: Inspector General . 2022-12-23 . www.arts.gov . en.
- Web site: Toll . Beth . 2019-02-01 . Amtrak Board Names Kevin Winters Inspector General . 2022-12-23 . Amtrak Media . en-US.
- Web site: About the Inspector General . 2022-12-23 . U. S. Government Accountability Office . en.
- Web site: GPO Director Names Inspector General . 2023-07-10 . Government Publishing Office.
- Web site: Librarian of Congress Names New Inspector General . 2023-06-26 . Library of Congress . en.
- Book: Nicolls, Boone . Airman's Guide . Stackpole Books . 2007 . 978-0-8117-3397-7 . 135.
- News: Becker's Hospital Review . 4 trends in the current Stark Law enforcement climate. Ayla . Ellison . January 8, 2015 .
- Web site: Fraud Alert: Physician Compensation Arrangements May Result in Significant Liability . Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General . June 9, 2015.
- News: Becker's Hospital Review . Why it takes 60 minutes or less to find a Stark Law violation at a hospital . Gail . Peace.
- Taibbi . Matt . Matt Taibbi . August 17, 2011 . Is the SEC Covering Up Wall Street Crimes? . Rolling Stone.
- Book: Radack, Jesselyn . Canary in the Coalmine . Jesselyn Radack . 2006 . 1-4276-0974-8.
- The Secret Sharer . Jane . Mayer . The New Yorker . May 2011.
