| Office of Civil Defense | |
| Preceding1: | Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization |
| Preceding2: | Federal Civil Defense Administration |
| Superseding1: | Federal Emergency Management Agency |
| Jurisdiction: | Federal government of the United States |
| Headquarters: | Washington, D.C. |
| Employees: | 1,148 (1962) |
| Budget: | 256.8 million (1962) |
| Parent Department: | Department of Defense |
| Keydocument1: | Executive Order 10952 |
| Keydocument2: | Executive Order 12148 |
The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) was an agency of the United States Department of Defense from 1961–64. It replaced the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization. The organization was renamed the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency on May 5, 1972, and was abolished on July 20, 1979, pursuant to Executive Order 12148.[1] Its duties were given to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
The Office of Civil Defense was organized into several regions, in order to better manage the distribution of funds, coordination of local training and resources and support state and local agencies planning and perpetration. In May 1962 there were eight regions that.[2]
| Region | Headquarters | States and Territories | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Harvard, MA | Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, Puerto Rico, Virginia Islands | |
| 2 | Olney, MD | Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, District of Columbia | |
| 3 | Thomasville, GA | Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Panama Canal Zone | |
| 4 | Battle Creek, MI | Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, | |
| 5 | Denton, TX | Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas | |
| 6 | Denver, CO | Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming | |
| 7 | Santa Rosa, CA | Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Utah, American Samoa, Guam | |
| 8 | Everett, WA | Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, |
| Name | Start | End | President | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1961–1963) | |||||
(1963–1969) | |||||
(1969–1974) | |||||
(1974–1977) | |||||
(1977–1981) | |||||
The Office of Civilian Defense (OCD) was established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in May 1941.[3] It was responsible for planning community health programs and medical care of civilians in the event of a military attack on the United States. It was an independent agency and not associated with the United States Department of War. It coordinated with the Chemical Corps of the Department of the Army regarding protective measures against chemical weapons. United States Public Health Service officers were assigned as medical consultants with OCD local district offices.[4] Later in 1941, right-wing Senators added an amendment to forbid OCD from supporting physical fitness instruction “By dancers, fan dancing, street shows, theatrical performances, or other public entertainment.”[5]