October 4 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• AD 23  - Rebels sack the Chinese capital Chang'an during a peasant rebellion.
• 1209  - Otto IV is crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III.^[1]
• 1302  - The Byzantine–Venetian War comes to an end.
• 1363  - Battle of Lake Poyang: In one of the largest naval battles in history, Zhu Yuanzhang's rebels defeat rival Chen Youliang.
• 1511  - Formation of the Holy League of Aragon, the Papal States and Venice against France.
• 1535  - The Coverdale Bible is printed, with translations into English by William Tyndale and Myles Coverdale.^[2]
• 1582  - The Gregorian Calendar is introduced by Pope Gregory XIII.
• 1597  - Governor Gonzalo Méndez de Canço begins to suppress a native uprising against his rule in what is now the state of Georgia.

1601–1900

• 1602  - Eighty Years' War and the Anglo-Spanish War: A fleet of Spanish galleys are defeated by English and Dutch galleons in the English Channel.^[3]
• 1636  - Thirty Years' War: The Swedish Army defeats the armies of Saxony and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Wittstock.
• 1693  - Nine Years' War: Piedmontese troops are defeated by the French.
• 1777  - American Revolutionary War: Troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under William Howe.
• 1795  - Napoleon first rises to prominence by suppressing counter-revolutionary rioters threatening the National Convention.
• 1824  - Mexico adopts a new constitution and becomes a federal republic.
• 1830  - The Belgian Revolution takes legal form when the provisional government secedes from the Netherlands.
• 1853  - The Crimean War begins when the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Russian Empire.
• 1876  - The Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas opens as the first public college in Texas.
• 1883  - First run of the Orient Express.
• 1883  - First meeting of the Boys' Brigade in Glasgow, Scotland.
• 1895  - Horace Rawlins wins the first U.S. Open Men's Golf Championship.

1901–present

• 1917  - World War I: The Battle of Broodseinde is fought between the British and German armies in Flanders.
• 1918  - World War I: An explosion kills more than 100 people and destroys a Shell Loading Plant in New Jersey.
• 1920  - The Mannerheim League for Child Welfare, a Finnish non-governmental organization, is founded on the initiative of Sophie Mannerheim.^[4]
• 1925  - Great Syrian Revolt: Rebels led by Fawzi al-Qawuqji captured Hama from the French Mandate of Syria.^[5]
• 1925  - S2, a Finnish Sokol class torpedo boat, sinks during a fierce storm near the coast of Pori in the Gulf of Bothnia, taking with it the whole crew of 53.^[6]
• 1927  - Gutzon Borglum begins sculpting Mount Rushmore.
• 1936  - The Metropolitan Police and various anti-fascist organizations violently clash in the Battle of Cable Street.
• 1941  - Norman Rockwell's Willie Gillis character debuts on the cover of The Saturday Evening Post.
• 1957  - Sputnik 1 becomes the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth.^[7]
• 1958  - The current constitution of France is adopted.
• 1960  - An airliner crashes on takeoff from Boston's Logan International Airport, killing 62 people.
• 1963  - Hurricane Flora kills 6,000 in Cuba and Haiti.
• 1965  - Pope Paul VI begins the first papal visit to the Americas.
• 1966  - Basutoland becomes independent from the United Kingdom and is renamed Lesotho.
• 1967  - Omar Ali Saifuddien III of Brunei abdicates in favour of his son.
• 1983  - Richard Noble sets a new land speed record of 633.468mph at the Black Rock Desert in Nevada.
• 1985  - The Free Software Foundation is founded.
• 1991  - The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty is opened for signature.
• 1992  - The Rome General Peace Accords end a 16-year civil war in Mozambique.
• 1992  - El Al Flight 1862 crashes into two apartment buildings in Amsterdam, killing 43 including 39 on the ground.
• 1993  - Battle of Mogadishu occurs killing 18 U.S. Special Forces, two UN Peacekeepers and at least 600 Somalian militia men and civilians.
• 1993  - Tanks bombard the Russian parliament, while demonstrators against President Yeltsin rally outside.
• 1997  - The second largest cash robbery in U.S. history occurs in North Carolina.
• 2001  - Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 crashes after being struck by an errant Ukrainian missile. Seventy-eight people are killed.
• 2003  - The Maxim restaurant suicide bombing in Israel kills twenty-one Israelis, both Jews and Arabs.
• 2004  - SpaceShipOne wins the Ansari X Prize for private spaceflight.
• 2006  - WikiLeaks is launched.
• 2010  - The Ajka plant accident in Hungary releases a million cubic metres of liquid alumina sludge, killing nine, injuring 122, and severely contaminating two major rivers.
• 2017  - Joint Nigerien-American Special Forces are ambushed by Islamic State militants outside the village of Tongo Tongo.
• 2021  - Bubba Wallace becomes the first African-American Driver in the modern era of NASCAR to win a major race.^[8]
• 2022  - Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger are jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.^[9]

Births

Pre-1600

• 1160  - Alys, Countess of the Vexin, daughter of Louis VII of France (d. c. 1220)
• 1274  - Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1319)
• 1276  - Margaret of Brabant (d. 1311)
• 1289  - Louis X of France (d. 1316)
• 1331  - James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond, Irish politician, Lord Justice of Ireland (d. 1382)
• 1379  - Henry III of Castile (d. 1406)
• 1507  - Francis Bigod, English noble (d. 1537)
• 1515  - Lucas Cranach the Younger, German painter (d. 1586)
• 1522  - Gabriele Paleotti, Catholic cardinal (d. 1597)
• 1524  - Francisco Vallés, Spanish physician (d. 1592)
• 1532  - Francisco de Toledo, Catholic cardinal (d. 1596)
• 1542  - Robert Bellarmine, Italian cardinal and saint (d. 1621)
• 1550  - Charles IX of Sweden (d. 1611)^[10]
• 1562  - Christen Sørensen Longomontanus, Danish astronomer and author (d. 1647)
• 1570  - Péter Pázmány, Hungarian cardinal and philosopher (d. 1637)
• 1579  - Guido Bentivoglio, Italian cardinal (d. 1644)
• 1585  - Anna of Tyrol, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1618)

1601–1900

• 1625  - Jacqueline Pascal, French nun and composer (d. 1661)
• 1626  - Richard Cromwell, English academic and politician, Lord Protector of Great Britain (d. 1712)
• 1633  - Bernardino Ramazzini, Italian physician (d. 1714)
• 1657  - Francesco Solimena, Italian painter and illustrator (d. 1747)
• 1694  - Lord George Murray, Scottish Jacobite General (d. 1760)
• 1720  - Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian sculptor and illustrator (d. 1778)
• 1723  - Nikolaus Poda von Neuhaus, German entomologist and author (d. 1798)
• 1759  - Louis François Antoine Arbogast, French mathematician and academic (d. 1803)
• 1768  - Francisco José de Caldas, Colombian naturalist, executed by royalists in the war of independence (d. 1816)
• 1787  - François Guizot, French historian and politician, 22nd Prime Minister of France (d. 1874)
• 1793  - Charles Pearson, English lawyer and politician (d. 1862)
• 1807  - Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine, Canadian lawyer and politician, 2nd Premier of Canada East (d. 1864)
• 1814  - Jean-François Millet, French painter and educator (d. 1875)
• 1822  - Rutherford B. Hayes, American general, lawyer, and politician, 19th President of the United States (d. 1893)
• 1835  - Jenny Twitchell Kempton, American opera singer and educator (d. 1921)
• 1836  - Juliette Adam, French author (d. 1936)^[11]
• 1837  - Auguste-Réal Angers, Canadian judge and politician, 6th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (d. 1919)
• 1841  - Prudente de Morais, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Brazil (d. 1912)
• 1841  - Maria Sophie of Bavaria (d. 1925)
• 1843  - Marie-Alphonsine Danil Ghattas, Palestinian nun and Catholic Saint (d. 1927)
• 1858  - Léon Serpollet, French businessman (d. 1903)
• 1861  - Walter Rauschenbusch, American pastor and theologian (d. 1918)
• 1861  - Frederic Remington, American painter, sculptor, and illustrator (d. 1909)
• 1862  - Johanna van Gogh-Bonger, sister-in-law of Vincent van Gogh, who is credited with promoting his posthumous fame (d. 1925).^[12]
• 1862  - Edward Stratemeyer, American author and publisher (d. 1930)
• 1868  - Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, Argentinian lawyer and politician, 20th President of Argentina (d. 1942)
• 1874  - John Ellis, English executioner (d. 1932)
• 1876  - Florence Eliza Allen, American mathematician and suffrage activist (d. 1960)
• 1877  - Razor Smith, English cricketer (d. 1946)
• 1879  - Robert Edwards, American artist, musician, and writer (d. 1948)^[13]
• 1880  - Damon Runyon, American newspaperman and short story writer. (d. 1946)
• 1881  - Walther von Brauchitsch, German field marshal (d. 1948)
• 1884  - Ramchandra Shukla, Indian historian and author (d. 1941)
• 1888  - Lucy Tayiah Eads, American tribal chief (d. 1961)
• 1888  - Oscar Mathisen, Norwegian speed skater (d. 1954)
• 1890  - Alan L. Hart, American physician and author (d. 1962)
• 1890  - Osman Cemal Kaygılı, Turkish writer and journalist (d. 1945)
• 1892  - Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian soldier and politician, 14th Federal Chancellor of Austria (d. 1934)
• 1892  - Hermann Glauert, English aerodynamicist and author (d. 1934)
• 1892  - Robert Lawson, American author and illustrator (d. 1957)
• 1895  - Buster Keaton, American film actor, director, and producer (d. 1966)
• 1895  - Richard Sorge, German journalist and spy (d. 1944)
• 1896  - Dorothy Lawrence, English reporter, who secretly posed as a man to become a soldier during World War I (d. 1964)
• 1900  - August Mälk, Estonian author and playwright (d. 1987)

1901–present

• 1903  - Bona Arsenault, Canadian genealogist, historian, and politician (d. 1993)
• 1903  - John Vincent Atanasoff, American physicist and academic, invented the Atanasoff - Berry computer (d. 1995)
• 1903  - Pierre Garbay, French general (d. 1980)
• 1903  - Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Austrian-German lawyer and general (d. 1946)
• 1906  - Mary Celine Fasenmyer, American mathematician (d. 1996)
• 1907  - Alain Daniélou, French-Swiss historian and academic (d. 1994)
• 1910  - Frankie Crosetti, American baseball player and coach (d. 2002)
• 1910  - Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı, Turkish poet and author (d. 1956)
• 1911  - Mary Two-Axe Earley, Canadian indigenous women's rights activist (d. 1996)^[14]
• 1913  - Martial Célestin, Haitian lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Haiti (d. 2011)
• 1914  - Jim Cairns, Australian economist and politician, 4th Deputy Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2003)
• 1914  - Brendan Gill, American journalist and essayist (d. 1997)
• 1916  - Vitaly Ginzburg, Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2009)
• 1916  - Jan Murray, American comedian, actor, and game show host (d. 2006)
• 1916  - George Sidney, American director and producer (d. 2002)
• 1916  - Ken Wood, inventor of the Kenwood Chef food mixer (d. 1997)
• 1917  - Violeta Parra, Chilean singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1967)
• 1918  - Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
• 1921  - Stella Pevsner, American children's author (d. 2020)^[15]
• 1922  - Malcolm Baldrige Jr., American businessman and politician, 26th United States Secretary of Commerce (d. 1987)
• 1922  - Shin Kyuk-ho, South Korean-Japanese businessman, founded Lotte Group (d. 2020)
• 1922  - Don Lenhardt, American baseball player and coach (d. 2014)
• 1923  - Charlton Heston, American actor, director and gun rights activist (d. 2008)^[16]
• 1924  - Donald J. Sobol, American soldier and author (d. 2012)
• 1925  - Roger Wood, Belgian-American journalist (d. 2012)
• 1926  - Raymond Watson, American businessman (d. 2012)
• 1927  - Wolf Kahn, American painter and academic (d. 2020)
• 1928  - Alvin Toffler, German-American journalist and author (d. 2016)
• 1928  - Torben Ulrich, Danish-American tennis player (d. 2023)
• 1929  - Scotty Beckett, American actor and singer (d. 1968)
• 1929  - John E. Mack, American psychiatrist and author (d. 2004)
• 1929  - Leroy Van Dyke, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1931  - Terence Conran, English designer and businessman (d. 2020)
• 1931  - Basil D'Oliveira, South African-English cricketer and footballer (d. 2011)
• 1931  - Richard Rorty, American philosopher and author (d. 2007)
• 1932  - Felicia Farr, American actress and model
• 1933  - German Moreno, Filipino television host and actor (d. 2016)
• 1933  - Ann Thwaite, English author
• 1934  - Sam Huff, American football player, coach, and sportscaster (d. 2021)
• 1935  - Jimmy Orr, American football player (d. 2020)^[17]
• 1936  - Charlie Hurley, Irish footballer and manager (d. 2024)
• 1936  - Giles Radice, Baron Radice, English politician (d. 2022)
• 1937  - Jackie Collins, English-American author and actress (d. 2015)
• 1937  - David Crocker, American philosopher and academic
• 1937  - Gail Gilmore, Canadian-American actress and dancer (d. 2014)
• 1937  - Lloyd Green, American steel guitar player
• 1937  - Jim Sillars, Scottish lawyer and politician
• 1938  - Norman D. Wilson, American actor (d. 2004)
• 1938  - Kurt Wüthrich, Swiss chemist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1939  - Ivan Mauger, New Zealand speedway rider (d. 2018)
• 1940  - Vic Hadfield, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1940  - Silvio Marzolini, Argentinian footballer and manager (d. 2020)
• 1940  - Steve Swallow, American bass player and composer
• 1940  - Alberto Vilar, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 2021)
• 1941  - Roy Blount Jr., American humorist and journalist
• 1941  - Karen Cushman, American author
• 1941  - Karl Oppitzhauser, Austrian race car driver
• 1941  - Anne Rice, American author (d. 2021)
• 1941  - Frank Stagg, Irish hunger striker (d. 1976)^[18]
• 1941  - Robert Wilson, American director and playwright
• 1942  - Bernice Johnson Reagon, American singer-songwriter (d. 2024)^[19]
• 1942  - Karl W. Richter, American lieutenant and pilot (d. 1967)
• 1942  - Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, Icelandic politician, 24th Prime Minister of Iceland
• 1942  - Christopher Stone, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1995)
• 1943  - H. Rap Brown, American activist
• 1943  - Owen Davidson, Australian tennis player (d. 2023)
• 1943  - Karl-Gustav Kaisla, Finnish ice hockey player and referee (d. 2012)
• 1943  - Dietmar Mürdter, German footballer
• 1943  - Jimy Williams, American baseball player and manager (d. 2024)
• 1944  - Colin Bundy, South African-English historian and academic
• 1944  - Rocío Dúrcal, Spanish singer and actress (d. 2006)
• 1944  - Tony La Russa, American baseball player and manager
• 1944  - John McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith, Scottish educator and politician
• 1945  - Clifton Davis, American singer-songwriter, actor, and minister
• 1946  - Larry Clapp, American lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
• 1946  - Chuck Hagel, American sergeant and politician, 24th United States Secretary of Defense
• 1946  - Michael Mullen, American admiral
• 1946  - Susan Sarandon, American actress and activist^[20]
• 1947  - Julien Clerc, French singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1947  - Jim Fielder, American bass player
• 1947  - Ann Widdecombe, English politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Health
• 1948  - Iain Hewitson, New Zealand-Australian chef, restaurateur, author, and television personality
• 1948  - Linda McMahon, American businesswoman and politician
• 1948  - Duke Robillard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1949  - Armand Assante, American actor and producer
• 1949  - Stephen Gyllenhaal, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1950  - Alan Rosenberg, American actor
• 1951  - Bakhytzhan Kanapyanov, Kazakh poet and author
• 1951  - Truck Robinson, American basketball player and coach^[21]
• 1952  - Anita DeFrantz, American rower and sports administrator
• 1952  - Jody Stephens, American rock drummer
• 1952  - Zinha Vaz, Bissau-Guinean women's rights activist and politician
• 1953  - Gil Moore, Canadian singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer
• 1953  - Andreas Vollenweider, Swiss harp player
• 1955  - John Rutherford, Scottish rugby player
• 1955  - Jorge Valdano, Argentinian footballer, coach, and manager
• 1956  - Lesley Glaister, English author and playwright
• 1956  - Charlie Leibrandt, American baseball player
• 1956  - Sherri Turner, American golfer
• 1956  - Christoph Waltz, Austrian-German actor
• 1957  - Bill Fagerbakke, American actor
• 1957  - Yngve Moe, Norwegian bass player and songwriter (d. 2013)
• 1957  - Russell Simmons, American businessman, founded Def Jam Recordings and Phat Farm
• 1958  - Barbara Kooyman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1958  - Wendy Makkena, American actress
• 1958  - Anneka Rice, Welsh radio and television host
• 1959  - Chris Lowe, English singer and keyboard player
• 1959  - Tony Meo, English snooker player
• 1959  - Hitonari Tsuji, Japanese author, composer, and director
• 1960  - Joe Boever, American baseball player
• 1960  - Henry Worsley, English colonel and explorer (d. 2016)
• 1961  - Philippe Russo, French singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1961  - Jon Secada, Cuban-American singer-songwriter
• 1961  - Kazuki Takahashi, Japanese author and illustrator, created Yu-Gi-Oh! (d. 2022)
• 1962  - Carlos Carsolio, Mexican mountaineer
• 1963  - A.C. Green, American basketball player
• 1963  - Koji Ishikawa, Japanese author and illustrator
• 1964  - Francis Magalona, Filipino rapper, producer, and actor (d. 2009)
• 1964  - Yvonne Murray, Scottish runner^[22]
• 1965  - Olaf Backasch, German footballer
• 1965  - Skip Heller, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1965  - Steve Olin, American baseball player (d. 1993)
• 1965  - Micky Ward, American boxer
• 1967  - Vicky Bullett, American basketball player and coach^[23]
• 1967  - Nick Green, Australian rower
• 1967  - Liev Schreiber, American actor and director
• 1968  - Richard Hancox, English footballer and manager
• 1968  - Tim Wise, American activist and author
• 1969  - Abraham Benrubi, American actor
• 1971  - Darren Middleton, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1972  - Kurt Thomas, American basketball player
• 1973  - M. Ward, American singer-songwriter
• 1974  - Paco León, Spanish actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1975  - Cristiano Lucarelli, Italian footballer and manager
• 1976  - Mauro Camoranesi, Argentinian-Italian footballer and manager
• 1976  - Elisandro Naressi Roos, Brazilian footballer
• 1976  - Alicia Silverstone, American actress, producer, and author
• 1976  - Ueli Steck, Swiss mountaineer and rock climber (d. 2017)
• 1977  - Richard Reed Parry, Canadian guitarist, songwriter, and producer
• 1978  - Dana Davis, American actress and author
• 1978  - Phillip Glasser, American actor and producer
• 1978  - Kei Horie, Japanese actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1978  - Kyle Lohse, American baseball player
• 1979  - Caitríona Balfe, Irish actress
• 1979  - Rachael Leigh Cook, American actress
• 1979  - Björn Phau, German tennis player
• 1979  - Adam Voges, Australian cricketer
• 1980  - Sarah Fisher, American race car driver
• 1980  - James Jones, American basketball player
• 1980  - Tomáš Rosický, Czech footballer
• 1981  - Shaura, Japanese singer
• 1981  - Justin Williams, Canadian-American ice hockey player
• 1982  - Tony Gwynn Jr., American baseball player
• 1982  - Jered Weaver, American baseball player
• 1983  - Dan Clarke, English race car driver
• 1983  - Vicky Krieps, Luxembourgish actress
• 1983  - Marios Nicolaou, Cypriot footballer
• 1983  - Chansi Stuckey, American football player
• 1983  - Kurt Suzuki, American baseball player
• 1984  - Lena Katina, Russian singer-songwriter
• 1984  - Petri Kontiola, Finnish ice hockey player^[24]
• 1984  - Álvaro Parente, Portuguese race car driver
• 1984  - Karolina Tymińska, Polish heptathlete
• 1985  - Shontelle, Barbadian singer-songwriter
• 1985  - Thorsten Wiedemann, German rugby player
• 1987  - Rawez Lawan, Swedish footballer
• 1987  - Will Puddy, English footballer
• 1987  - Marina Weisband, German politician
• 1988  - Melissa Benoist, American actress and singer
• 1988  - Lonnie Chisenhall, American baseball player^[25]
• 1988  - Caner Erkin, Turkish footballer
• 1988  - Evgeni Krasnopolski, Israeli figure skater
• 1988  - Derrick Rose, American basketball player^[26]
• 1989  - Dakota Johnson, American actress^[27]
• 1990  - Signy Aarna, Estonian footballer^[28]
• 1990  - Saki, Japanese guitarist and songwriter^[29]
• 1990  - Sergey Shubenkov, Russian hurdler^[30]
• 1991  - Leigh-Anne Pinnock, English singer and songwriter
• 1993  - Mitchell Swepson, Australian cricketer^[31]
• 1994  - Mike Williams, American football player^[32]
• 1995  - Kenny Clark, American football player^[33]
• 1995  - Mikolas Josef, Czech singer and songwriter^[34]
• 1996  - Ella Balinska, English actress
• 1997  - Rishabh Pant, Indian cricketer^[35]
• 1997  - Yuju, South Korean singer^[36]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 744  - Yazid III, Umayyad caliph (b. 701)
• 863  - Turpio, Frankish nobleman
• 1052  - Vladimir of Novgorod (b. 1020)
• 1160  - Constance of Castile, Queen of France (b. 1141)
• 1189  - Gerard de Ridefort, Grand Master of the Knights Templar
• 1221  - William IV Talvas, Count of Ponthieu (b. 1179)
• 1227  - Caliph al-Adil of Morocco^[37]
• 1250  - Herman VI, Margrave of Baden (b. 1226)
• 1305  - Emperor Kameyama of Japan (b. 1249)
• 1361  - John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray, English baron (b. 1310)
• 1497  - John, Prince of Asturias, only son of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile (b. 1478)
• 1582  - Teresa of Ávila, Spanish nun and saint (b. 1515)
• 1597  - Sarsa Dengel, Ethiopian emperor (b. 1550)

1601–1900

• 1646  - Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English courtier and politician, Earl Marshal of the United Kingdom (b. 1586)
• 1660  - Francesco Albani, Italian painter (b. 1578)
• 1661  - Jacqueline Pascal, French nun and composer (b. 1625)
• 1669  - Rembrandt, Dutch painter and illustrator (b. 1606)
• 1680  - Pierre-Paul Riquet, French engineer, designed the Canal du Midi (b. 1609)
• 1743  - John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, Scottish commander and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Surrey (b. 1678)
• 1747  - Amaro Pargo, Spanish corsair (b. 1678)^[38]
• 1749  - Baron Franz von der Trenck, Austrian soldier (b. 1711)
• 1755  - Samuel von Cocceji, Prussian jurist and statesman (b. 1679)^[39]
• 1821  - John Rennie the Elder, Scottish engineer, designed the Waterloo Bridge (b. 1761)
• 1827  - Grigorios Zalykis, Greek-French lexicographer and scholar (b. 1785)
• 1851  - Manuel Godoy, Spanish general and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1767)
• 1852  - James Whitcomb, American lawyer and politician, 8th Governor of Indiana (b. 1795)
• 1859  - Karl Baedeker, German publisher, founded Baedeker (b. 1801)
• 1864  - Joseph Montferrand, Canadian logger and strongman (b. 1802)
• 1867  - Francis Xavier Seelos, German-American priest and missionary (b. 1819)
• 1871  - Sarel Cilliers, South African spiritual leader and preacher (b. 1801)
• 1890  - Catherine Booth, English theologian and saint, co-founded The Salvation Army (b. 1829)

1901–present

• 1903  - Otto Weininger, Austrian philosopher and author (b. 1880)
• 1904  - Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, French sculptor, designed the Statue of Liberty (b. 1834)
• 1904  - Carl Josef Bayer, Austrian chemist and academic (b. 1847)
• 1910  - Sergey Muromtsev, Russian lawyer and politician (b. 1850)
• 1935  - Jean Béraud, French painter and academic (b. 1849)
• 1935  - Marie Gutheil-Schoder, German soprano, actress, and director (b. 1874)
• 1943  - Irena Iłłakowicz, German-Polish lieutenant (b. 1906)
• 1944  - Al Smith, American lawyer and politician, 42nd Governor of New York (b. 1873)
• 1946  - Barney Oldfield, American race car driver and actor (b. 1878)
• 1947  - Max Planck, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1858)
• 1951  - Henrietta Lacks, American medical patient (b. 1920)
• 1955  - Alexander Papagos, Greek general and politician, 152nd Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1883)
• 1958  - Ida Wüst, German actress and screenwriter (b. 1884)
• 1961  - Benjamin, Russian metropolitan (b. 1880)
• 1963  - Alar Kotli, Estonian architect (b. 1904)
• 1970  - Janis Joplin, American singer-songwriter (b. 1943)
• 1974  - Anne Sexton, American poet and author (b. 1928)
• 1975  - Friedrich Lutz, German economist (b. 1901)^[40]
• 1975  - Joan Whitney Payson, American businesswoman and philanthropist (b. 1903)
• 1977  - José Ber Gelbard, Argentinian activist and politician (b. 1917)
• 1980  - Pyotr Masherov, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Byelorussia (b. 1918)
• 1981  - Freddie Lindstrom, American baseball player and coach (b. 1905)
• 1982  - Glenn Gould, Canadian pianist and conductor (b. 1932)
• 1982  - Stefanos Stefanopoulos, Greek politician, 165th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1898)
• 1988  - Zlatko Grgić, Croatian-Canadian animator, director, and screenwriter (b. 1931)
• 1989  - Graham Chapman, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1941)
• 1990  - Mārtiņš Zīverts, Latvian playwright (b. 1903)
• 1992  - Denny Hulme, New Zealand race car driver (b. 1936)
• 1994  - Danny Gatton, American guitarist (b. 1945)
• 1997  - Otto Ernst Remer, German general (b. 1912)
• 1997  - Gunpei Yokoi, Japanese game designer, created the Game Boy (b. 1941)
• 1998  - S. Arasaratnam, Sri Lankan historian and academic (b. 1930)
• 1999  - Bernard Buffet, French painter and illustrator (b. 1928)
• 1999  - Art Farmer, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1928)
• 2000  - Yu Kuo-hwa, Chinese politician, 32nd Premier of the Republic of China (b. 1914)
• 2000  - Michael Smith, English-Canadian biochemist and geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1932)
• 2001  - Blaise Alexander, American race car driver (b. 1976)
• 2001  - John Collins, American guitarist (b. 1913)
• 2001  - Ahron Soloveichik, Russian rabbi and scholar (b. 1917)
• 2002  - André Delvaux, Belgian-Spanish director and screenwriter (b. 1926)
• 2003  - Sid McMath, American lawyer and politician, 34th Governor of Arkansas (b. 1912)
• 2004  - Gordon Cooper, American colonel, engineer, and astronaut (b. 1927)
• 2005  - Stanley K. Hathaway, American lawyer and politician, 40th United States Secretary of the Interior (b. 1924)
• 2007  - Qassem Al-Nasser, Jordanian general (b. 1925)
• 2009  - Gerhard Kaufhold, German footballer (b. 1928)
• 2009  - Günther Rall, German general and pilot (b. 1918)
• 2010  - Norman Wisdom, English actor, comedian, and singer-songwriter (b. 1915)
• 2011  - Doris Belack, American actress (b. 1926)
• 2012  - David Atkinson, Canadian actor and singer (b. 1921)
• 2012  - Stan Mudenge, Zimbabwean historian and politician, Zimbabwean Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1941)
• 2012  - Tom Stannage, Australian footballer, historian, and academic (b. 1944)
• 2013  - John Cloudsley-Thompson, Pakistani-English commander (b. 1921)
• 2013  - Ulric Cross, Trinidadian navigator, judge, and diplomat (b. 1917)
• 2013  - Akira Miyoshi, Japanese composer (b. 1933)
• 2013  - Diana Nasution, Indonesian singer (b. 1958)
• 2013  - Võ Nguyên Giáp, Vietnamese general and politician, 3rd Minister of Defence for Vietnam (b. 1911)
• 2013  - Nicholas Oresko, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1917)
• 2014  - Konrad Boehmer, German-Dutch composer and educator (b. 1941)
• 2014  - Hugo Carvana, Brazilian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1937)
• 2014  - Fyodor Cherenkov, Russian footballer and manager (b. 1959)
• 2014  - Jean-Claude Duvalier, Haitian politician, 41st President of Haiti (b. 1951)
• 2015  - Dave Pike, American vibraphone player and songwriter (b. 1938)
• 2015  - Edida Nageswara Rao, Indian director and producer (b. 1934)
• 2015  - Neal Walk, American basketball player (b. 1948)^[41]
• 2020  - Clark Middleton, American actor (b. 1957)^[42]
• 2020  - Kenzō Takada, Japanese-French fashion designer (b. 1939)^[43]
• 2022  - Loretta Lynn, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1932)^[44]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Amun
  • Francis of Assisi
  • Petronius of Bologna
  • October 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Cinnamon Roll Day (Sweden and Finland)
• Day of Peace and Reconciliation (Mozambique)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Lesotho from the United Kingdom in 1966.
• The beginning of World Space Week (International)
• World Animal Day

External links

• Web site: On This Day . BBC.
  • Web site: Historical Events on October 4 . OnThisDay.com.

Notes and References

1. Book: Alexander, Michael . Three crises in early English history: personalities and politics during the Norman Conquest, the reign of King John, and the Wars of the Roses . University Press of America . Lanham, Md . 1998 . 9780761811886 . 123.
2. Book: Henry Stevens. The Bibles in the Caxton celebration, MDccclxxvii, or, A bibliographical description of ... Bibles in various languages. 1878. 71.
3. Book: Jaques, Tony . Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century . 2. 2006. Greenwood Press. 978-0-313-33536-5. 714 .
4. Web site: Sophie Mannerheim käveli Kalliossa ja järkyttyi: Sitten hän keksi ovelan juonen, jolla koko Suomi saatiin syytämään apua äärimmäisessä köyhyydessä eläville lapsille. Marjaana. Varmavuori. Helsingin Sanomat. January 22, 2020. September 15, 2021. fi.
5. Book: Khoury . Philip Shukry . Syria and the French Mandate: The Politics of Arab Nationalism, 1920-1945 . 2014 . Princeton University Press . 978-1-4008-5839-2 . 171 . 20 April 2021 . en . On 4 October 1925, a rebellious captain in the Syrian Legion, Fawzi al-Qawuqji, led a mixed force of dissident Legionnaires ....
6. Web site: Torpedovene S2:n tuho 4.10.1925. Antero. Honkasalo. Wayback Machine. 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20060830015005/http://www.kaslib.fi/MARE/HIST/s2_1.htm. October 4, 2021. 2006-08-30. fi.
7. Book: Burgess . Colin . Hall . Rex . The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team: Their Lives, Legacy, and Historical Impact . 2009 . Springer . Berlin . 9780387848235 . 1 . 2008935694.
8. Web site: Bubba Wallace makes history with first Cup victory at Talladega | NASCAR. Oct 4, 2021. Official Site Of NASCAR.
9. News: Bryson Taylor . Derrick . 2022 Nobel Prizes: The Full List . 2 November 2022 . The New York Times . 10 October 2022.
10. Web site: Charles IX king of Sweden . Encyclopedia Britannica . 20 October 2021 . en.
11. Book: Kathryn J.. Crecelius. Karen. Offen. Juliette Adam. Katharina M.. Wilson. An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers Volume 1. New York. Garland. 1991. 3. 978-0-82408-547-6.
12. Luijtens, Hans. Jo van Gogh-Bonger: The Woman who Made Vincent Famous. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts 2022
13. Web site: Edwards, Robert. October 2011. Benezit Dictionary of Artists. en. 10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00057575.
14. Web site: Robinson. Amanda. March 23, 2017. Mary Two-Axe Earley. 2020-09-06. The Canadian Encyclopedia.
15. Web site: Frisbie. Thomas. 2020-06-12. Stella Pevsner dead: Longtime Chicago children's author kept writing into her 90s. 2020-06-12. Chicago Sun-Times. en.
16. Web site: Famous birthdays for Oct. 4: Susan Sarandon, Tony La Russa . . 2 October 2023 . 4 October 2022.
17. Web site: Goldstein . Richard . Jimmy Orr, a Favorite Target of the Colts' Unitas, Dies at 85 . . 2 October 2023 . 29 October 2020.
18. The funerals of Frank Stagg. republican-news.org. November 11, 2017
19. News: Gabriel . Trip . 2024-07-19 . Bernice Johnson Reagon, a Musical Voice for Civil Rights, Is Dead at 81 . 2024-07-23 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
20. Web site: Rose . Mike . Today's famous birthdays list for October 4, 2022 includes celebrities Dakota Johnson, Alicia Silverstone . . . 2 October 2023 . 4 October 2022.
21. Web site: Truck Robinson . . 2 October 2023.
22. Web site: Olympedia – Yvonne Murray . www.olympedia.org . 18 July 2021.
23. Web site: Vicky Bullett . . 2 October 2023.
24. Web site: Petri Kontiola . . 2 October 2023.
25. Web site: Lonnie Chisenhall . . 2 October 2023.
26. Web site: Derrick Rose stats. NBA. 6 October 2019.
27. Web site: Dakota Johnson Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 19 May 2021 . en.
28. Web site: Signy Aarna - Estonia - WEURO . UEFA.com . 19 May 2021 . en.
29. Web site: 地獄のゆるふわバンド「NEMOPHILA」最終目標は宇宙でSHOUT! 15日にインディーズデビュー. Japanese. Sports Nippon. 11 December 2021.
30. Web site: Sergey Shubenkov. World Athletics. 20 March 2020.
31. Web site: Mitchell Swepson . 5 October 2015 . ESPN Cricinfo.
32. Web site: Mike Williams . . 2 October 2023.
33. Web site: Kenny Clark . . 2 October 2023.
34. Web site: ČTK. Mikolas Josef je novou tváří návrháře Lukáše Macháčka. 14 February 2016. cs.
35. Web site: 2019-10-04. Happy Birthday Rishabh Pant: Young Superstar Turns 22. 2020-07-15. News18. en.
36. News: Choi Jin-shil . February 14, 2015 . ko:여.친.소① 여자친구를 소개합니다 . ko . G.F.I① Introducing Gfriend . TenAsia . live . July 4, 2016 . https://archive.today/20150217054119/http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/444382 . February 17, 2015.
37. Kennedy, Hugh (1996) Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus. London: Addison-Wesley-Longman
38. Web site: 340 aniversario del nacimiento del corsario tinerfeño Amaro Pargo . SantaCruzDeTenerife.es . Ayuntamiento de Santa Cruz de Tenerife . 25 January 2021 . 25 May 2018.
39. Book: The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers . 2016 . 9781474255981 . Klemme . Heiner F. . 138–139 . Cocceji, Samuel von . Bloomsbury . Kuehn . Manfred . https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6fCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA138.
40. Lachezar . Grudev . Friedrich Lutz: A Forgotten Monetary Economist and Social Philosopher . Fall 2023 . 28 . 2 . 225–236 . The Independent Review . 1086-1653 . 26 March 2024.
41. Web site: Former Florida Gators and NBA standout Neal Walk dies at 67. 7 October 2015. Michelle Kaufman. Miami Herald. 6 October 2019.
42. Web site: Oganesyan . Natalie . Clark Middleton, Actor in 'The Blacklist,' 'Twin Peaks,' Dies at 63 . Variety. 5 October 2020 .
43. Web site: Kenzo Takada: Japanese designer dies after catching Covid-19. 4 Oct 2020. BBC News.
44. Web site: Loretta Lynn, country music icon, dead at 90 . Fox News. 4 October 2022 .