| Native Name: | Administration du territoire ennemi occupé (French) إدارة أراضي العدو المحتلة (Arabic)Iidarat 'aradi al-eadui al-muhtala |
| Conventional Long Name: | Occupied Enemy Territory Administration |
| Common Name: | OETA |
| Status: | Occupied territory |
| Empire: | British Empire and French Third Republic |
| Life Span: | 1917–1920 |
| Year Start: | 23 October 1917 |
| Year End: | 1920 |
| Event2: | San Remo conference |
| Date Event2: | 19 to 26 April 1920 |
| P1: | Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate |
| Flag P1: | Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg |
| P2: | Damascus Vilayet |
| Flag P2: | Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg |
| P3: | Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem |
| Flag P3: | Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg |
| P4: | Beirut Vilayet |
| Flag P4: | Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg |
| P5: | Aleppo Vilayet |
| Flag P5: | Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg |
| P6: | Adana Vilayet |
| Flag P6: | Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg |
| S1: | Arab Kingdom of Syria |
| Flag S1: | Flag of Kingdom of Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24).svg |
| S2: | Mandate for Palestine |
| Flag S2: | Flag of the United Kingdom.svg |
| S3: | Greater Lebanon |
| Flag S3: | Lebanese French flag.svg |
| S4: | Alawite State |
| Flag S4: | Latakiya-sanjak-Alawite-state-French-colonial-flag.svg |
| S5: | Turkey |
| Flag S5: | Flag of Turkey.svg |
| Flag Type: | Flags of France and the United Kingdom, as well as the flag of the Arab administration in OETA-East |
| Image Map Caption: | Area of the OETA, according to the British Government's History of the Great War Based on Official Documents |
| Common Languages: | Arabic, Hebrew, Ottoman Turkish, English, French |
| Title Leader: | Administrators |
The Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (OETA) was a joint British, French and Arab military administration over Levantine provinceswhich had been part of the Ottoman Empire for four centuriesbetween 1917 and 1920, set up on 23 October 1917 following the Sinai and Palestine Campaign and Arab Revolt of World War I. Although it was declared by the British military, who were in control of the region, it was followed on 30 September 1918 by the 1918 Anglo-French Modus Vivendi in which it was agreed that the British would give the French control in certain areas, and the Hashemites were given joint control of the Eastern area per T. E. Lawrence's November 1918 "Sharifian plan".
Following the occupation of the Adana Vilayet (the region of Cilicia) in December 1918, a new territory, OETA North, was set up. The administration ended in OETA West and OETA South in 1920 following the assignment of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon and British Mandate for Palestine at the 19–26 April 1920 San Remo conference.
In OETA East, British administration ended following the withdrawal of British forces from the territory in November 1919, and the subsequent declaration of the Arab Kingdom of Syria over the same area. The area was split into two after the French defeated King Faisal in July 1920; the northern part of the territory was combined with the French-administered OETA West, and the southern part became a no man's land and later became the Emirate of Transjordan.
Due to the success of the Turkish War of Independence, Marash, Aintab and Urfa sanjaks of former Aleppo Vilayet remained in Turkey after 1921. Also, Antakya and İskenderun kazas of Aleppo Sanjak in one were separated as the Republic of Hatay in 1938; the republic then instead became a part of Turkey in 1939.
On 23 October 1918, following the British and Arab forces' defeat of the Ottoman empire, Field Marshal Edmund Allenby announced that Ottoman Syria was to be split into three administrative sub-units, which varied very little from the previous Ottoman divisions:[1] [2]
In December 1918, following the occupation of the region of Cilicia, a new territory was set up.
| South | West | East | Totals | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muslim | 515,000 | 600,000 | 1,250,000 | 2,365,000 |
| Christian | 62,500 | 400,000 | 125,000 | 587,500 |
| Druze | 60,000 | 80,000 | 140,000 | |
| Jewish | 65,000 | 15,000 | 30,000 | 110,000 |
| Other | 5,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 | 45,000 |
| Totals | 647,500 | 1,095,000 | 1,505,000 | 3,247,500 |
The area was divided into four districts: Jerusalem, Jaffa, Majdal and Beersheba, each under a military governor. Both of the first two British administrators, Generals Money and Watson, were removed by London for not favouring the Zionists over the Arabs;[6] when the OETA administration ended, Liberal party politician (and former British Home Secretary) Herbert Samuel was installed as the first civilian administrator.[6] Samuel recorded his acceptance of the role, and the end of military administration, in an often-quoted document: "Received from Major-General Sir Louis J. Bols K.C.B.—One Palestine, complete."[7]
OETA East was a joint Arab-British military administration. The Arab and British armies entered Damascus on 1 October 1918, and on 3 October 1918 Ali Rida al-Rikabi was appointed Military Governor of OETA East.[8] [9] Prince Faisal son of King Hussain of Mecca entered Damascus as on 4 October and appointed Rikabi Chief of the Council of Directors (i.e. prime minister) of Syria.
The boundary definition of OETA East left uncertainties to the south and east, leading to competing claims from the Kingdom of Hejaz and Occupied Iraq respectively – see Occupation of Ma'an and Occupation of Zor for further details.
| Portrait | Name | Term of office | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| 1 | Major general Arthur Wigram Money | June 1918 | June 1919 | ||||
| 2 | Major general Harry Davis Watson | June 1919 | December 1919 | ||||
| 3 | Lieutenant general Louis Bols | January 1920 | July 1920 | ||||
The OETA was established on 23 October 1918, under the accepted rules of military occupation, and defined as follows:
The OETA administrations were disestablished at different times in each of the regions, following the formal appointment of civil administrations (prior to the formal coming into force of the mandates):