Obrimini Explained

The Obrimini are the most species-rich tribe of the Phasmatodea family of the Heteropterygidae native to Southeast Asia.

Description

The Obrimini differ from their sister tribe the Hoplocloniini by the structure of the secondary ovipositor at the abdomen of the females, which surrounds the actual ovipositor. It is formed in the Obrimini dorsally from the eleventh abdominal tergum called supraanal plate or epiproct, while in the Hoplocloniini it originated from the tenth tergum.

Distribution area

The distribution area of the Obrimini extends from Borneo to the east and includes the Philippines, Sulawesi, most of the Moluccas and New Guinea. Farthest east lies with Viti Levu, the main island of the Fiji group, the distribution area of Pterobrimus depressus.

Taxonomy

Brunner von Wattenwyl built in 1893 for the genera already described Obrimus, Hoploclonia, Tisamenus, Pylaemenes, Dares and Datames (today a synonym to Pylaemenes) the tribe Obrimini (abbreviated there as Obrimi.). He placed these together with the genus Heteropteryx and the South American tribe Cladomorphini (abbreviated there as Cladomorphi.) in the family Cladomorphidae (now synonymous with Cladomorphinae). In the following years, basesd on this work, mostly genera of today's Obriminae and Dataminae were listed in this tribe, for example by Josef Redtenbacher in 1906. Lawrence Bruner raised the Obrimini to the rank of a family in 1915. James Abram Garfield Rehn and his son John William Holman Rehn divided the Obriminae, which they only referred to as a subfamily, into the tribes Obrimini and Datamini in 1939. Both tribes were transferred in 1953 by Klaus Günther to the subfamily Heteropteryginae. In 2004 Oliver Zompro raised this subfamily to the rank of family and the tribes contained in the rank of subfamilies or in the rank of a separate family (Anisacanthidae). At the same time he built three tribes in the subfamily Obriminae. In addition to the Obrimini, these were the Miroceramiini and the Eubulidini. The latter was in 2016 by Frank H. Hennemann et al synonymized with the Obrimini. At the same time, the new tribe Tisamenini was established within the Obriminae. In a study based on genetic analysis, published in 2021, Sarah Bank et al. synonymized the tribe Miroceramiini and the tribe Tisamenini with the Obrimini and placed next to this the Hoplocloniini as the only other tribe in the subfamily Obriminae. In addition, a species previously referred to as Trachyaretaon sp. 'Negros' was identified as a representative of an as yet undescribed genus. Hennemann described this in 2023 alongside many other species of the tribe as Trachyaretaon negrosanon.

Genera

Image	Genus	Species
	Aretaon	Aretaon asperrimus Aretaon muscosus
	Armadolides	Armadolides manobo
	Brasidas	Brasidas bakeri) Brasidas cavernosus Brasidas foveolatus Brasidas lacerta ( Brasidas malaki Brasidas manobo Brasidas rehni Brasidas samarensis Brasidas viscayanus Brasidas waray
	Eubulides	Eubulides alutaceus Eubulides blaan Eubulides constanti Eubulides igorrote Eubulides lumawigi Eubulides taylori Eubulides timog
	Heterocopus	Heterocopus leprosus
	Mearnsiana	Mearnsiana bullosa Mearnsiana maranao
	Miroceramia	Miroceramia westwoodii
	Obrimus	Obrimus bicolanus Obrimus bufo Obrimus mesoplatus Obrimus uichancoi
	Pterobrimus	Pterobrimus depressus
	Stenobrimus	Stenobrimus bolivari Stenobrimus lumad Stenobrimus pilipinus Stenobrimus tagalog
	Sungaya	Sungaya aeta Sungaya dumagat Sungaya ibaloi Sungaya inexpectata
	Theramenes	Theramenes dromedarius Theramenes exiguus Theramenes letiranti Theramenes mandirigma Theramenes olivaceus
	Tisamenus	Tisamenus alviolanus Tisamenus armadillo Tisamenus asper Tisamenus atropos Tisamenus cervicornis Tisamenus clotho Tisamenus deplanatus Tisamenus draconina Tisamenus fratercula Tisamenus hystrix Tisamenus hebardi Tisamenus kalahani Tisamenus lachesis Tisamenus polillo Tisamenus ranarius Tisamenus serratorius Tisamenus spadix Tisamenus summaleonilae Tisamenus tagalog
	Trachyaretaon	Trachyaretaon bresseeli Trachyaretaon carmelae Trachyaretaon echinatus Trachyaretaon gatla Trachyaretaon maliit Trachyaretaon mangyan Trachyaretaon nakatago Trachyaretaon negrosanon Trachyaretaon tumandok

References

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Notes and References

1. Robertson, J. A.; Bradler, S. & Whiting, M. F. (2018). Evolution of Oviposition Techniques in Stick and Leaf Insects (Phasmatodea), Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
2. Bank, S.; Buckley, T. R.; Büscher, T. H.; Bresseel, J.; Constant, J.; de Haan, M.; Dittmar, D.; Dräger, H.; Kahar, R. S.; Kang, A.; Kneubühler, B.; Langton-Myers, S. & Bradler, S. (2021). Reconstructing the nonadaptive radiation of an ancient lineage of ground-dwelling stick insects (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae), Systematic Entomology, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12472
3. [Paul D. Brock|Brock, P. D.]
4. [Klaus Günther|Günther, K.]
5. [Frank H. Hennemann|Hennemann, F. H.]
6. [James Abram Garfield Rehn|Rehn, J. A. G.]
7. [Brunner von Wattenwyl|Brunner von Wattenwyl, C.]
8. [Josef Redtenbacher (entomologist)|Redtenbacher, J.]
9. [Oliver Zompro|Zompro, O.]
10. Frank H. Hennemann, . H. (2023). Theramenes letiranti – a remarkable new species of Obriminae stick insects from Mindanao, Philippines (Insecta: Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae), Faunitaxys, 11 (45), pp.1–9
11. Hennemann, F. H. (2023) A taxonomic review, including new species and new records of Philippine Obrimini stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae: Obriminae), Faunitaxys, 2023, 11 (71), pp. 1–135.