Oak Fire (2022) Explained

Oak Fire
Coordinates:37.5509°N -119.9235°W
Reference:[1]
Cost:>$108.3 million
Area:19244acres
Cause:Arson
Structures:193
Injuries:≥3
Fatalities:0
Evacuated:>6,000
Image Map Alt:The footprint of the Oak Fire is shown in orange against the Sierra National Forest in green. Yosemite National Park is shown well east, in golden stripes.
Image Map Caption:The footprint of the Oak Fire, west of Yosemite National Park, with other recent wildfire history
Pushpin Map:USA California
Pushpin Map Caption:Location of Oak Fire in California

The Oak Fire was a destructive wildfire that burned north of the community of Bootjack in Mariposa County, California and in the Sierra National Forest, during the 2022 California wildfire season.[2] The fire was reported on July 22, 2022, and burned 19244acres before being fully contained on September 2, 2022. On June 16, 2023, a 71-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of arson for starting the fire.[3]

Background

The Oak Fire started amid a prolonged and intense drought. Sixty percent of California fell under extreme drought conditions,[4] which particularly affected the region of the Oak Fire—a meteorologist with the National Weather Service office in Hanford noted that the area's drought indices were the driest in all the Sierra Nevada. Scientific research suggested that the drought was exacerbated by climate change-caused temperature increases. When the fire began, hot and dry conditions prevailed over the region: according to the National Weather Service temperatures were in the low or mid-90s °F and relative humidity levels hovered around eight or nine percent.[5] Additionally, the prior years of drought had created a "tremendous" load of fuel, with dry vegetation and many dead trees.[6]

Progression

The Oak Fire ignited at about 2:10 p.m. PDT on Friday, July 22, in the community of Midpines, near the intersection of Highway 140 and Carstens Road. State fire officials characterized the fire's behavior as "extreme".[7] [8] A pyrocumulus cloud created by the fire reached 20,000 feet in height[9] and could be seen from as far away as Reno, Nevada.[10] The fire spread quickly, in part due to long-range ember spotting up to 2abbr=outNaNabbr=out ahead of the main fire front. The fire burned through the footprint of the 2013 Carstens Fire.[11] At around 9:00 p.m., the Mariposa County Sheriff's Office ordered more evacuations, including all of Jerseydale and homes on many nearby roads. About thirty minutes later, the fire jumped Triangle and Silva Roads. By 11:00 p.m. the fire had burned an estimated 4350acres and was zero percent contained, nine hours after igniting.[12]

On July 23, 2022, Governor of California Gavin Newsom declared a state of emergency in Mariposa County as a result of the fire.[13] [14]

By the morning of July 24, the third day of the fire, 2,093 personnel were battling the fire, according to Cal Fire. This included 17 helicopters, 225 fire engines, and 58 bulldozers to create firebreaks.

The fire's progression to the east, towards Yosemite National Park, was impeded by the burn scar of the 2018 Ferguson Fire.

The fire was declared 100 percent contained on September 2. The total cost of Cal Fire's fire suppression effort reached more than $100 million.[15] [16]

Effects

The Los Angeles Times called the Oak Fire the worst wildfire in the history of Mariposa County, and the Merced County fire chief also named it as one of the most devastating. The fire caused no fatalities, though at least three firefighters were injured.[17] The fire destroyed 193 structures, including 127 single-family residences and 66 outbuildings.[18] Another 10 structures were damaged, including six homes and four outbuildings.[19] Property damages totaled an additional $8.3 million on top of the >$100 million cost of the firefighting effort.

The Oak Fire also affected the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation, a federally unrecognized tribe indigenous to the region. The fire damaged cultural sites, such as roundhouses, and displaced members of the tribe.[20]

Closures and evacuations

The Oak Fire threatened multiple communities in rural Mariposa County, including Lushmeadows, Midpines, Jerseydale, and Bootjack. The number of people under evacuation orders on July 23, the day after the fire's ignition, reached more than 6,000. An evacuation center was established at New Life Christian Fellowship church, but continued rapid fire spread forced officials to move it to Mariposa Elementary School, where more than 100 people checked in and almost half of that group chose to spend the night on July 24.[21] Local hotels quickly filled with evacuees even as the normal crowd of weekend Yosemite tourists canceled their stays. More than 3,100 homes and businesses serviced by Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) lost power.[22] The fire forced the U.S. Forest Service to close parts of the Sierra National Forest to the public.[23] Yosemite National Park remained largely unaffected by the fire, but part of Highway 140—one of the main access roads for the park—closed. Some Mariposa County government offices closed to public walk-in. Electricity was restored to all customers and all road closures and evacuation orders were lifted by August 4.[24] Some residents of Mariposa County expressed concerns regarding the presence and participation of uniformed militia members during evacuation efforts,[25] prompting the Mariposa Sheriff's Office to clarify that they had not activated the militia.[26] [27]

Environmental impacts

Smoke from the Oak Fire spread widely, causing authorities to issue air quality advisories even in distant areas, such as Barstow and the Victor Valley. Prevailing winds pushed smoke northeast, prompting air quality warnings for multiple days in a row for western Nevada. In parts of the Sierra Nevada such as the Lake Tahoe Basin, where the smoke was particularly thick, it caused poor visibility and the air quality indices reached unhealthy to hazardous levels.[28] [29]

Growth and containment status

Fire containment statusGray

contained;

Red: active; %: percent contained!Date!Total area burned!Personnel!Containment
Jul 22[30] 43500NaN0383 personnel
Jul 23[31] 119000NaN02,093 personnel
Jul 24[32] 156030NaN02,548 personnel
Jul 25[33] 172410NaN02,991 personnel
Jul 26[34] 185320NaN03,051 personnel
Jul 27[35] 188240NaN03,758 personnel
Jul 28[36] 191910NaN03,758 personnel
Jul 29[37] 192210NaN03,939 personnel
Jul 30[38] 192440NaN03,788 personnel
Jul 31[39] 192440NaN03,613 personnel
Aug 1[40] 192440NaN03,613 personnel
Aug 2[41] 192440NaN02,806 personnel
Aug 3[42] 192440NaN02,621 personnel
Aug 4[43] 192440NaN01,783 personnel
Aug 5[44] 192440NaN01,783 personnel
Aug 6[45] 192440NaN0641 personnel
Aug 7[46] 192440NaN0564 personnel
Aug 8[47] 192440NaN0597 personnel
Aug 9[48] 192440NaN0514 personnel
Aug 10[49] 192440NaN0514 personnel
............
Sep 2[50] 192440NaN0...

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Oak Fire Incident Report . 2022-07-24 . www.fire.ca.gov . July 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220723002320/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/ . live .
  2. Web site: Oak Fire in Mariposa County explodes to 9,500 acres, has reached Sierra National Forest . 2022-07-23 . ABC30 Fresno . en . July 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220724000025/https://abc30.com/mariposa-county-evacuation-orders-issued-oak-fire-washburn-agua/12067937/ . live .
  3. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-06-16/man-arrested-on-suspicion-of-arson-oak-fire-mariposa-county Man accused of starting Oak fire that destroyed 127 homes near Yosemite is arrested
  4. News: Fuller . Thomas . July 25, 2022 . California's Largest Wildfire Slows After Exploding Near Yosemite . The New York Times . live . November 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230516152201/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/25/us/oak-fire-yosemite-california.html . May 16, 2023 . 0362-4331.
  5. News: Wigglesworth . Alex . Smith . Doug . Queally . James . Dillon . Liam . July 23, 2022 . Oak fire grows to 14,281 acres; Gov. Newsom declares state of emergency for Mariposa County . Los Angeles Times . November 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230913081137/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-07-23/wildfire-north-of-mariposa-marks-ominous-start-to-california-wildfire-season . September 13, 2023.
  6. News: Villegas . Paulina . Samenow . Jason . July 25, 2022 . Fire near Yosemite turns into California's largest of the season . The Washington Post . live . November 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231107213151/https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/07/25/yosemite-oak-wildfire-evacuations/ . November 7, 2023.
  7. News: Kuwada . Robert . July 25, 2022 . Oak Fire live updates: 'Extreme' wildfire surpasses 15,500 acres, crews race to halt spread . The Fresno Bee . July 25, 2022 . July 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220725031355/https://www.fresnobee.com/news/california/fires/article263789973.html . live .
  8. News: Otis . Ginger Adams . Findell . Elizabeth . July 23, 2022 . Oak Fire Forces Evacuation of 6,000 Around Sierra National Forest . . live . registration . November 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220805210802/https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-forest-service-sets-emergency-plan-to-protect-giant-sequoias-11658601811 . August 5, 2022.
  9. News: Rodgers . Jakob . July 25, 2022 . 'You feel helpless': Fatigue sets in among Oak Fire evacuees; some evacuations downgraded . The Mercury News . . live . November 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230129231125/https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/07/25/more-hot-dry-weather-ahead-as-oak-fire-grows-to-nearly-16800-acres/ . January 29, 2023.
  10. Web site: A midsummer fire in California expands to nearly 12,000 acres and threatens homes . 2022-07-24 . NBC News . July 24, 2022 . en . July 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220724163632/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/midsummer-fire-california-expands-nearly-12000-acres-threatens-homes-rcna39721 . live .
  11. News: Rodgers . Jakob . Greschler . Gabriel . Kelly . George . July 24, 2022 . 'Nothing was going to stop it': More evacuations ordered as Oak Fire rages west of Yosemite . . July 26, 2022 . July 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220726014404/https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/07/24/a-lot-of-dead-fuel-challenges-firefighters-as-oak-fire-grows-to-more-than-14000-acres/ . live .
  12. News: Anteola . Bryant-Jon . Jansen . Shawn . July 23, 2022 . Oak Fire live update: Wildfire 'moving fast,' jumps road and now threatens structures . The Fresno Bee . live . November 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231107202821/https://www.fresnobee.com/news/california/fires/article263747808.html . November 7, 2023.
  13. News: Cursino . Malu . Wertheimer . Tiffany . July 23, 2022 . Oak Fire: Emergency declared as wildfire rages near Yosemite National Park . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-07-24 . July 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220724030816/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62280905 . live .
  14. Web site: July 23, 2022 . Governor Newsom Proclaims State of Emergency in Mariposa County Due to Oak Fire . 2022-07-24 . California Governor . en . July 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220724030749/https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/07/23/governor-newsom-proclaims-state-of-emergency-in-mariposa-county-due-to-oak-fire/ . live .
  15. News: Tehee . Joshua . June 20, 2023 . Arson charges filed after arrest in Oak Fire in Mariposa. 'A step toward justice' . The Fresno Bee . live . November 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231107204440/https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article276575141.html . November 7, 2023.
  16. Web site: Oak Fire Incident Report . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220723002320/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/ . July 23, 2022 . 2022-07-24 . www.fire.ca.gov.
  17. News: Winton . Richard . June 20, 2023 . Ex-firefighter suspected of igniting devastating fire near Yosemite, could face life term . Los Angeles Times . live . November 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231006150122/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-06-20/oak-fire-arson-suspect-faces-potential-life-term-in-prison . October 6, 2023.
  18. News: Miller . Thaddeus . June 16, 2023 . Man accused of starting Oak Fire that ravaged Mariposa County, destroying 127 homes . The Fresno Bee . live . November 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231107193139/https://www.fresnobee.com/news/california/fires/article276493971.html . November 7, 2023.
  19. News: Kohlruss . Carmen . August 14, 2022 . Grief remains as Oak Fire ends. Historic ranch among Mariposa area losses near Yosemite . The Fresno Bee . live . November 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231107193559/https://www.fresnobee.com/news/california/fires/article264229176.html . November 7, 2023.
  20. News: Wigglesworth . Alex . May 7, 2023 . This tribe was barred from cultural burning for decades — then a fire hit their community . Los Angeles Times . live . November 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231107091953/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-05-07/native-tribe-faces-displacement-after-california-wildfire . November 7, 2023.
  21. News: Fry . Hannah . Dillon . Liam . Queally . James . July 24, 2022 . Oak Fire near Yosemite rages, threatening mountain communities. 'It's pretty devastating' . Los Angeles Times . live . July 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220724235023/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-07-24/oak-fire-continues-to-rage-out-of-control-near-yosemite-gov-newsom-declares-a-state-of-emergency . July 24, 2022.
  22. News: July 24, 2022 . Fast-moving wildfire near Yosemite remains uncontained . . Associated Press . live . November 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221116051953/https://www.npr.org/2022/07/23/1113219051/california-oak-fire-yosemite . November 16, 2022.
  23. News: Andone . Dakin . Wolfe . Elizabeth . July 25, 2022 . California's Oak Fire has expanded rapidly as it scorches more than 16,000 acres near Yosemite National Park . . live . November 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230519133344/https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/25/us/oak-fire-yosemite-mariposa-county-monday/index.html . May 19, 2023.
  24. News: Jacobs . Trisha . August 4, 2022 . All Evacuations Lifted For The Oak Fire . Sierra News Online . live . November 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220819073429/https://sierranewsonline.com/all-evacuations-lifted-for-the-oak-fire/ . August 19, 2022.
  25. Web site: California militia helping Oak Fire evacuees creates furor in Mariposa . Mercury News . July 26, 2022 . July 26, 2022 . July 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220726215432/https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/07/25/militia-helping-oak-fire-evacuees-creates-furor-in-mariposa/ . live .
  26. Web site: Mariposa Sheriff's Office says it's aware of local 'militia' spotted amid Oak Fire . Merced Sun-Star . July 26, 2022 . July 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220725020803/https://www.mercedsunstar.com/news/california/fires/article263788963.html . live .
  27. Web site: Briscoe . Tony . Hernandez . Salvador . Martinez . Christian . Lin . Summer . Uniformed militia members offering help to Oak fire victims sparks furor near Yosemite . Los Angeles Times . July 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220727150044/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-07-27/militia-presence-at-massive-oak-fire-sparks-concern . July 27, 2022 . July 27, 2022 . Calling itself the Echo Company of the California State Militia's 2nd Regiment, the group had set up a field kitchen off Highway 140 recently and told the Merced Sun-Star it was offering food, water and a place to stay for those in need ... The group in Mariposa County had once been affiliated with a larger militia with a similar name, but the larger militia cut ties with Echo Company because of an incident in 2020, it said, when they inserted armed members between Black Lives Matter supporters and pro-police groups in a protest in Atwater. In a 2020 statement, the larger group wrote online that it disavowed Echo Company because of 'potential legal liability in light of the continued militant activities of other units,' and called the actions 'inciteful.' . live.
  28. Web site: Air quality unhealthy-to-hazardous in South Lake Tahoe . 2022-07-24 . Tahoe Daily Tribune . July 24, 2022 . en-US . July 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220724171224/https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oak-fire-air-quality-unhealthy-to-hazardous-in-south-lake-tahoe/ . live .
  29. Web site: Hildebrand . Kurt . Update: Smoke back with unhealthy levels in Carson Valley . 2022-07-24 . The Record-Courier . July 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220724183528/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/2022/jul/24/new-california-fire-could-send-smoke-valley-today/ . live .
  30. Web site: July 22, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 07/22/2022, 11:13 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220815000744/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/830a6c15-a187-4724-821a-f20d128faab0/ . August 15, 2022 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  31. Web site: July 23, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 07/23/2022, 9:10 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230819030219/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/1473ac6b-0fd3-43f3-a8cc-a4df35136cb2/ . August 19, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  32. Web site: July 24, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 07/24/2022, 9:17 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230608152157/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/67c8118e-804e-459e-b02d-154eab652167 . June 8, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  33. Web site: July 25, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 07/25/2022, 8:07 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230608162143/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/6b3e0dc5-79d3-4922-a779-376ac96e5d62 . June 8, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  34. Web site: July 26, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 07/26/2022, 7:16 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230929094133/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/ed768e22-e1fe-4862-b479-dbbaec3f38b3/ . September 29, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  35. Web site: July 27, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 07/27/2022, 8:05 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230924232946/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/5c922384-b6cb-4fd2-a532-d3c87c02edc8 . September 24, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  36. Web site: July 28, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 07/28/2022, 7:45 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230927205205/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/ef8c08dc-2390-4364-ae54-7bbaff524be1 . September 27, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  37. Web site: July 29, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 07/29/2022, 7:42 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155837/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/b71bd0bc-9e30-4190-8a8c-137ca730b548 . June 8, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  38. Web site: July 30, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 07/30/2022, 7:50 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230608154358/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/c7c7165e-c190-4acd-a415-fd00ec850996 . June 8, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  39. Web site: July 31, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 07/31/2022, 7:17 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230528091813/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/24945907-58f3-41a7-8a8b-9daad517aeca . May 28, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  40. Web site: August 1, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 08/01/2022, 6:53 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230528102102/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/1328854a-dddc-4260-8eb4-a6592b8f63db . May 28, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  41. Web site: August 2, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 08/02/2022, 6:43 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230528094558/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/c8611ae2-35dd-4063-98c6-6e04ba69369c . May 28, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  42. Web site: August 3, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 08/03/2022, 6:22 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230528090800/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/b432db7a-97ce-4c79-81b1-6f0120493f3a . May 28, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  43. Web site: August 4, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 08/04/2022, 6:50 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230608160030/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/7285013e-57b1-4db9-af1f-483a1fd7baa9 . June 8, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  44. Web site: August 5, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 08/05/2022, 7:27 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092735/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/7883c194-3911-4176-9c85-0a8d08e33aa5 . May 28, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  45. Web site: August 6, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 08/06/2022, 7:32 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230528095811/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/595deccb-0a05-42ff-8890-0f69c44e958a . May 28, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  46. Web site: August 7, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 08/07/2022, 6:59 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230608141348/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/2b63af43-b688-41f0-8164-54a01059ba4a . June 8, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  47. Web site: August 8, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 08/08/2022, 7:26 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230608160629/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/ddf13a66-b758-408a-9e55-60359f2581a0 . June 8, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  48. Web site: August 9, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 08/09/2022, 6:56 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230528102025/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/1c9ee451-86dc-4e6b-9e48-f622bd5b6f78 . May 28, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  49. Web site: August 10, 2022 . Oak Fire Incident Update for 08/10/2022, 7:12 PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230528102250/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/updates/ef85b30f-114c-4730-ade8-870e0330cf8c . May 28, 2023 . January 5, 2024 . Cal Fire.
  50. 2022 Wildfire Activity Statistics . 2023 . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) . November 8, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231108182840/https://34c031f8-c9fd-4018-8c5a-4159cdff6b0d-cdn-endpoint.azureedge.net/-/media/calfire-website/misc-doc/2022redbookfinalada.pdf?rev=19e8d1a007884c34a181e8138fc7017e&hash=7BA59394712297355511D58394E7B8E2 . November 8, 2023 . live.

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