OR51E2 explained

Olfactory receptor 51E2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR51E2 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.

Structure

Its structure was determined in 2023, the first elucidation of the structure of a human olfactory receptor.^{[3] [4] [5]}

Ligands

OR51E2 is a relatively narrowly tuned olfactory receptor, meaning it responds only to a relatively small set of related odorants.^[6]

OR51E2 responds to short-chain fatty acids,^[7] including in particular propionic acid.^[6]

See also

• Olfactory receptor

Further reading

• Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD, Fuldner RA, Bult CJ, Lee NH, Kirkness EF, Weinstock KG, Gocayne JD, White O . 6 . Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence . Nature . 377 . 6547 Suppl . 3–174 . September 1995 . 7566098 .
• Xia C, Ma W, Wang F, Liu M . Identification of a prostate-specific G-protein coupled receptor in prostate cancer . Oncogene . 20 . 41 . 5903–5907 . September 2001 . 11593396 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1204803 . free .
• Yuan TT, Toy P, McClary JA, Lin RJ, Miyamoto NG, Kretschmer PJ . Cloning and genetic characterization of an evolutionarily conserved human olfactory receptor that is differentially expressed across species . Gene . 278 . 1–2 . 41–51 . October 2001 . 11707321 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00709-0 .
• Malnic B, Godfrey PA, Buck LB . The human olfactory receptor gene family . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 101 . 8 . 2584–2589 . February 2004 . 14983052 . 356993 . 10.1073/pnas.0307882100 . free . 2004PNAS..101.2584M .
• Weng J, Wang J, Cai Y, Stafford LJ, Mitchell D, Ittmann M, Liu M . Increased expression of prostate-specific G-protein-coupled receptor in human prostate intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancers . International Journal of Cancer . 113 . 5 . 811–818 . February 2005 . 15499628 . 10.1002/ijc.20635 . 27473061 . free .
• Weng J, Ma W, Mitchell D, Zhang J, Liu M . Regulation of human prostate-specific G-protein coupled receptor, PSGR, by two distinct promoters and growth factors . Journal of Cellular Biochemistry . 96 . 5 . 1034–1048 . December 2005 . 16149059 . 10.1002/jcb.20600 . 20908653 .
• Xu LL, Sun C, Petrovics G, Makarem M, Furusato B, Zhang W, Sesterhenn IA, McLeod DG, Sun L, Moul JW, Srivastava S . 6 . Quantitative expression profile of PSGR in prostate cancer . Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases . 9 . 1 . 56–61 . 2006 . 16231015 . 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500836 . free .
• Wang J, Weng J, Cai Y, Penland R, Liu M, Ittmann M . The prostate-specific G-protein coupled receptors PSGR and PSGR2 are prostate cancer biomarkers that are complementary to alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase . The Prostate . 66 . 8 . 847–857 . June 2006 . 16491480 . 10.1002/pros.20389 . 25548828 .

Notes and References

1. Xu LL, Stackhouse BG, Florence K, Zhang W, Shanmugam N, Sesterhenn IA, Zou Z, Srikantan V, Augustus M, Roschke V, Carter K, McLeod DG, Moul JW, Soppett D, Srivastava S . 6 . PSGR, a novel prostate-specific gene with homology to a G protein-coupled receptor, is overexpressed in prostate cancer . Cancer Research . 60 . 23 . 6568–6572 . December 2000 . 11118034 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: OR51E2 olfactory receptor, family 51, subfamily E, member 2.

3. Billesbølle CB, de March CA, van der Velden WJ, Ma N, Tewari J, Del Torrent CL, Li L, Faust B, Vaidehi N, Matsunami H, Manglik A . 6 . Structural basis of odorant recognition by a human odorant receptor . Nature . 615 . 7953 . 742–749 . March 2023 . 36922591 . 10.1038/s41586-023-05798-y . 2023Natur.615..742B . 254975795 . 10580732 .

4. Kim SE . Scientists sniff out the structure of a human olfactory receptor . . 2023 . 101 . 10 . 6 . 10.1021/cen-10110-scicon3.
5. Web site: Parry W . 1 May 2023 . How a Human Smell Receptor Works Is Finally Revealed . Quanta Magazine.
6. Saito H, Chi Q, Zhuang H, Matsunami H, Mainland JD . Odor coding by a Mammalian receptor repertoire . Science Signaling . 2 . 60 . ra9 . March 2009 . 19261596 . 2774247 . 10.1126/scisignal.2000016 .
7. Pluznick JL, Protzko RJ, Gevorgyan H, Peterlin Z, Sipos A, Han J, Brunet I, Wan LX, Rey F, Wang T, Firestein SJ, Yanagisawa M, Gordon JI, Eichmann A, Peti-Peterdi J, Caplan MJ . 6 . Olfactory receptor responding to gut microbiota-derived signals plays a role in renin secretion and blood pressure regulation . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 110 . 11 . 4410–4415 . March 2013 . 23401498 . 3600440 . 10.1073/pnas.1215927110 . free . 2013PNAS..110.4410P .