OpenDocument explained

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OpenDocument Presentation
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OpenDocument Spreadsheet
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OpenDocument Graphics
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The Open Document Format for Office Applications (ODF), also known as OpenDocument, standardized as ISO 26300, is an open file format for word processing documents, spreadsheets, presentations and graphics and using ZIP-compressed[1] XML files. It was developed with the aim of providing an open, XML-based file format specification for office applications.[2]

The standard is developed and maintained by a technical committee in the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) consortium.[3] It was based on the Sun Microsystems specification for OpenOffice.org XML, the default format for OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice. It was originally developed for StarOffice "to provide an open standard for office documents."

In addition to being an OASIS standard, it is published as an ISO/IEC international standard ISO/IEC 26300 Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument).[4] From 2021, the current version is 1.3.[5]

Specifications

See main article: OpenDocument technical specification.

The most common filename extensions used for OpenDocument documents are:[6] [7]

The original OpenDocument format consists of an XML document that has <document> as its root element. OpenDocument files can also take the format of a ZIP compressed archive containing a number of files and directories; these can contain binary content and benefit from ZIP's lossless compression to reduce file size. OpenDocument benefits from separation of concerns by separating the content, styles, metadata, and application settings into four separate XML files.

There is a comprehensive set of example documents in OpenDocument format available.[8] The whole test suite is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 license.

History

See main article: OpenDocument standardization.

Conception

The OpenDocument standard was developed by a Technical Committee (TC) under the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) industry consortium. The ODF-TC has members from a diverse set of companies and individuals. Active TC members have voting rights. Members associated with Sun and IBM have sometimes had a large voting influence.[9] The standardization process involved the developers of many office suites or related document systems.

The first official ODF-TC meeting to discuss the standard was 16 December 2002. OASIS approved OpenDocument as an OASIS standard on 1 May 2005. OASIS submitted the ODF specification to ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC 1) on 16 November 2005, under Publicly Available Specification (PAS) rules. ISO/IEC standardization for an open document standard including text, spreadsheet and presentation was proposed for the first time in DKUUG 28 August 2001.[10]

After a six-month review period, on 3 May 2006, OpenDocument unanimously passed its six-month DIS (Draft International Standard) ballot in JTC 1 (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34), with broad participation,[11] after which the OpenDocument specification was "approved for release as an ISO and IEC International Standard" under the name ISO/IEC 26300:2006.[12]

After responding to all written ballot comments, and a 30-day default ballot, the OpenDocument international standard went to publication in ISO, officially published 30 November 2006.

In 2006,[13] Garry Edwards, a member of OASIS TC since 2002,[14] along with Sam Hiser, and Paul "Marbux" E. Merrell[15] founded the OpenDocument Foundation. The aim of this project was to be open-source representative of the format in OASIS. The immediate aim of this project was to develop software that would convert legacy Microsoft Office documents to ODF. By October 2007 the project was a failure: Conversion of Microsoft Office documents could not be achieved. By this time, The foundation was convinced that ODF was not moving in a direction that they supported.[16] As a result, it announced the decision to abandon its namesake format in favor of W3C's Compound Document Format (CDF), which was in early stages of its development. The foundation, however, never acted on this decision and was soon dissolved. The CDF was never designed for this purpose either.[17]

Further standardization

See main article: OpenDocument standardization. Further standardization work with OpenDocument includes:

Application support

Software

See main article: OpenDocument software.

The OpenDocument format is used in free software and in proprietary software. This includes office suites (both stand-alone and web-based) and individual applications such as word-processors, spreadsheets, presentation, and data management applications. Prominent text editors, word processors and office suites supporting OpenDocument fully or partially include:

Various organizations have announced development of conversion software (including plugins and filters) to support OpenDocument on Microsoft's products.[46] [47], there are nine packages of conversion software. Microsoft first released support for the OpenDocument Format in Office 2007 SP2.[48] However, the implementation faced substantial criticism and the ODF Alliance and others claimed that the third party plugins provided better support.[49] Microsoft Office 2010 can open and save OpenDocument Format documents natively, although not all features are supported.[50]

Starting with Mac OS X 10.5, the TextEdit application and Quick Look preview feature support the OpenDocument Text format.

Accessibility

Licensing

Public access to the standard

Versions of the OpenDocument Format approved by OASIS are available for free download and use.[51] The ITTF has added ISO/IEC 26300 to its "list of freely available standards"; anyone may download and use this standard free-of-charge under the terms of a click-through license.[52]

Additional royalty-free licensing

Obligated members[53] of the OASIS ODF TC have agreed to make deliverables available to implementors under the OASIS Royalty Free with Limited Terms policy.

Key contributor Sun Microsystems made an irrevocable intellectual property covenant, providing all implementers with the guarantee that Sun will not seek to enforce any of its enforceable U.S. or foreign patents against any implementation of the OpenDocument specification in which development Sun participates to the point of incurring an obligation.[54]

A second contributor to ODF development, IBM – which, for instance, has contributed Lotus spreadsheet documentation[55]  – has made their patent rights available through their Interoperability Specifications Pledge in which "IBM irrevocably covenants to you that it will not assert any Necessary Claims against you for your making, using, importing, selling, or offering for sale Covered Implementations."[56]

The Software Freedom Law Center has examined whether there are any legal barriers to the use of the OpenDocument Format (ODF) in free and open source software arising from the standardization process. In their opinion ODF is free of legal encumbrances that would prevent its use in free and open source software, as distributed under licenses authored by Apache and the FSF.

Response

Support for OpenDocument

Several governments, companies, organizations and software products support the OpenDocument format. For example:

On 4 November 2005, IBM and Sun Microsystems convened the "OpenDocument (ODF) Summit" in Armonk, New York, to discuss how to boost OpenDocument adoption. The ODF Summit brought together representatives from several industry groups and technology companies, including Oracle, Google, Adobe, Novell, Red Hat, Computer Associates, Corel, Nokia, Intel, and Linux e-mail company Scalix (LaMonica, 10 November 2005). The providers committed resources to technically improve OpenDocument through existing standards bodies and to promote its usage in the marketplace, possibly through a stand-alone foundation.[65] Scholars have suggested that the "OpenDocument standard is the wedge that can hold open the door for competition, particularly with regard to the specific concerns of the public sector."[66] Indeed, adoption by the public sector has risen considerably since the promulgation of the OpenDocument format initiated the 2005/2006 time period.

Adoption

See main article: OpenDocument adoption.

One objective of open formats like OpenDocument is to guarantee long-term access to data without legal or technical barriers, and some governments have come to view open formats as a public policy issue. Several governments around the world have introduced policies of partial or complete adoption.[66] What this means varies from case to case; in some cases, it means that the ODF standard has a national standard identifier; in some cases, it means that the ODF standard is permitted to be used where national regulation says that non-proprietary formats must be used, and in still other cases, it means that some government body has actually decided that ODF will be used in some specific context. The following is an incomplete list:

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Extract an odt file with unzip on Linux to see the actual resource hierarchy
  2. Web site: OASIS Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) TC . Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards . 19 January 2005 . 6 October 2013.
  3. Web site: OASIS Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) TC . Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards.
  4. Web site: ISO/IEC 26300:2006/DAM 1 – OpenDocument v1.1 . 29 March 2011.
  5. Web site: ODF 1.3 approved as OASIS Committee Specification. 21 January 2020.
  6. Web site: UA.es . es . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090615185541/http://www.ua.es/en/rua/formatos.html . 15 June 2009.
  7. Web site: OpenOffice.org Document Version Control With Mercurial . 7 June 2010.
  8. Web site: OpenDocument Sample Documents. https://web.archive.org/web/20110830170930/http://testsuite.opendocumentfellowship.com/ . 30 August 2011 . 2006. Intel Corporation. 12 December 2012. dead.
  9. Web site: OpenDocument TC's visible membership roster . 3 November 2007.
  10. Web site: Meeting agenda for DKUUG STD 2001-08-28 – item 5.6 . 13 March 2015.
  11. Web site: Document Description and Processing Languages-->Summary of Voting on DIS ISO/IEC 26300 – Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) v1.0 . 13 June 2006 . 24 August 2006 . ISO/IEC SC34 Secretariat . ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 Document Repository . https://web.archive.org/web/20061001180333/http://www.jtc1sc34.org/repository/0728revc.htm . 1 October 2006.
  12. Web site: ISO and IEC approve OpenDocument OASIS standard for data interoperability of office applications . 8 May 2006 . 24 August 2006 . ISO Press Releases . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060519180809/http://www.iso.org/iso/en/commcentre/pressreleases/2006/Ref1004.html . 19 May 2006.
  13. Web site: Former OpenDocument advocates bolt for W3C standard. LaMonica. Martin. 29 October 2007. CNET. CBS Interactive. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20120418013056/http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9806369-7.html. 18 April 2012.
  14. Web site: Meeting Minutes. 16 December 2002. OASIS. 2007-11-01.
  15. Web site: Cracks in the foundation. Weir. Rob. 7 October 2007. An Antic Disposition.
  16. Web site: ODF infighting could help Microsoft's OOXML. Foley. Mary Jo. Mary Jo Foley. 29 October 2007. ZDNet. CBS Interactive. live . https://web.archive.org/web/20071223005220/http://blogs.zdnet.com/microsoft/?p=875. 23 December 2007.
  17. Web site: Putting the OpenDocument Foundation to Bed (without its supper). Updegrove. Andrew. 9 November 2007. ConsortiumInfo.org. 12 October 2019. 8 February 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080208163435/http://www.consortiuminfo.org/standardsblog/article.php?story=20071109070012244. dead.
  18. Web site: OpenDocument 1.1 Specifications . 2006 . 31 October 2006 . OASIS.
  19. Web site: Approval of OpenDocument v1.1 as OASIS Standard . 6 February 2007 . OASIS.
  20. Web site: Members Approve OpenDocument Version 1.1 as OASIS Standard . 15 February 2007 . . 19 February 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070219093602/http://www.oasis-open.org/news/oasis-news-2007-02-14.php . dead .
  21. Web site: OOXML expert: ODF standard is broken. Peter Judge. ZDNet. 2 May 2008. 10 September 2012. 5 May 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080505061126/http://www.zdnet.co.uk/talkback/0,1000001161,39409700-39001068c-20093634o,00.htm. dead.
  22. Web site: 18 April 2012. The Register. Open Document Format updated to fix spreadsheets. 3 October 2011. Gavin. Clarke.
  23. Web site: Minutes of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34/WG 6 teleconference meeting, 2014-04-16 . 2014-04-24 . 2014-10-13.
  24. Web site: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34/WG 6 N 103 Minutes of teleconference meeting of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34/WG 6 2014-09-24, 23:00-00:00 UTC . 2014-09-25 . 2014-10-13.
  25. Web site: ISO/IEC 26300-1:2015 – Information technology – Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) v1.2 – Part 1: OpenDocument Schema . 2015-05-13 . 2015-06-02.
  26. Web site: ISO/IEC 26300-2:2015 – Information technology – Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) v1.2 – Part 2: Recalculated Formula (OpenFormula) Format . 2015-05-13 . 16 February 2016.
  27. Web site: ISO/IEC 26300-3:2015 – Information technology – Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) v1.2 – Part 3: Packages . 2015-05-13 . 2015-06-02.
  28. Web site: The COSM Project at Public Software . 11 October 2019 . Public Software CIC . 14 October 2019.
  29. Web site: OpenDocument support. AbiSource community. AbiWord Wiki. 10 September 2012. 21 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321190045/http://www.abisource.com/wiki/OpenDocument_support. dead.
  30. Web site: Abiword 2.4.2 Release Notes.. abisource.com. 2009-03-03. 15 June 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090615201450/http://www.abisource.com/release-notes/2.4.2.phtml. dead.
  31. Web site: Adobe Buzzword online word processor from Acrobat.com . Labs.adobe.com . 19 May 2009 . 27 May 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080527235749/http://labs.adobe.com/technologies/buzzword/ . dead .
  32. Web site: Words . Calligra Suite . 23 February 2012.
  33. Bärwaldt. Eric. 2020-09-01. Working Together Tools for collaborative office work. Linux Magazine. 238/2020. For cross-platform use, the suite not only supports the Open Document Format (ODF) but also all newer Microsoft formats, which makes interaction with other office suites easier..
  34. Web site: Corel WordPerfect Office X4 - Standard Edition - Compatible . 3 May 2008.
  35. Web site: File Formats. Eric Baudais & others. GNOME Documentation Project. The Gnumeric Manual, version 1.12. February 2014. 1 February 2018.
  36. Web site: 1 + 2 = 1?. Doug Mahugh. MSDN Blogs. 10 May 2009. 10 September 2012.
  37. Web site: Symphony.lotus.com. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090710011646/http://symphony.lotus.com/software/lotus/symphony/help.nsf/ReleaseNotes. 10 July 2009.
  38. Web site: Koffice.org. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080513125754/http://koffice.org/filters/1.6/. 13 May 2008.
  39. Web site: OpenXML/ODF Translator Add-ins for Office. 31 January 2014.
  40. Web site: Microsoft Expands List of Formats Supported in Microsoft Office. Microsoft Corporation. 21 May 2008. 21 September 2016.
  41. Web site: View OpenDocument Format (ODF) files in Office for Mac. Office Support. Microsoft. 3 October 2018.
  42. Web site: Office apps now support OpenDocument format 1.3. Office Insider. Microsoft. 10 September 2021.
  43. Web site: Foley . Mary Jo . Microsoft adds ODF support, URL shortening to its SkyDrive storage service . https://web.archive.org/web/20120418225004/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/microsoft/microsoft-adds-odf-support-url-shortening-to-its-skydrive-storage-service/12480 . dead . 18 April 2012 . ZDNet . 17 April 2012 . 13 August 2012.
  44. Web site: [MS-WPODF]

    WordPad ODF 1.1 Standards Support]

    . Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. 10 September 2021.
  45. Web site: [MS-WPODF]

    WordPad ODF 1.1 Standards Support]

    . Microsoft Docs. 30 October 2020 . Microsoft. 10 September 2021.
  46. Web site: OpenDocument Foundation to MA: We Have a Plugin . 4 May 2006 . 23 August 2006 . Groklaw.
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  48. Web site: Office 2007 SP2 Supports ODF . 28 April 2009 . PC World.
  49. Web site: Fact-sheet Microsoft ODF support . 24 May 2009 . MS Excel 2007 will process ODF spreadsheet documents when loaded via the Sun Plug-In 3.0 for MS Office or the SourceForge "OpenXML/ODF Translator Add-in for Office", but will fail when using the "built-in" support provided by Office 2007 SP2. . odfalliance . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090611181719/http://www.odfalliance.org/resources/fact-sheet-Microsoft-ODF-support.pdf . 11 June 2009.
  50. Web site: Differences between the OpenDocument Text (.odt) format and the Word (.docx) format. office.microsoft.com.
  51. Web site: OASIS Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) TC . 10 September 2012 . OASIS.
  52. Web site: Freely Available Standards. International Organization for Standardization. 22 September 2009.
  53. http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/daycount/tc/office.html office members
  54. Web site: Sun OpenDocument Patent Statement . OASIS Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) TC . Microsystems, Inc. . OASIS foundation.
  55. Web site: Formula subcommittee status. David A. Wheeler. office@lists.oasis-open.org, office-formula@lists.oasis-open.org. 21 July 2006. 12 September 2012.
  56. Web site: Interoperability Pledge Specification List. Interoperability Specifications Pledge. IBM Corp. 12 December 2011. 10 September 2012.
  57. http://plugfest.opendocumentformat.org/2014-london/ 10th Plugfest hosted by the UK Cabinet Office December 2014
  58. Web site: ODF Toolkit.
  59. Web site: Archived copy . www.openforumeurope.org . 11 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150620003502/http://www.openforumeurope.org/library/ODF/odf-toolkit-folder/OFE-COIS-ODF-infographic-release-02150325-by-sa.jpeg . 20 June 2015 . dead.
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