| Nusa Penida | |
| Map: | Indonesia Bali |
| Native Name: | |
| Location: | South East Asia |
| Archipelago: | Lesser Sunda Islands |
| Area Km2: | 202.84 |
| Elevation M: | 524 |
| Country: | Indonesia |
| Country Admin Divisions Title: | Province |
| Country Admin Divisions: | Bali |
| Country Admin Divisions Title 1: | Regency |
| Country Admin Divisions 1: | Klungkung |
| Country Admin Divisions 2: | Nusa Penida |
| Country Largest City: | Batukandik |
| Country Largest City Population: | 6,500 |
| Population: | 63,900 |
| Population As Of: | mid 2023[1] |
| Density Km2: | 315 |
| Ethnic Groups: | Nusa Penidian and other minority ethnic group |
Nusa Penida (Balinese: ᬦᬸᬲᬧᭂᬦᬶᬤ|nusa pĕnida) is an island located near the southeastern Indonesian island of Bali and a district of Klungkung Regency that includes the neighbouring small island of Nusa Lembongan and twelve even smaller islands. The Badung Strait separates the island and Bali. The interior of Nusa Penida is hilly with a maximum altitude of 524 metres. It is drier than the nearby island of Bali. It is one of the major tourist attractions among the three Nusa islands.
There are thirteen small islands nearby – Nusa Lembongan, Nusa Ceningan and eleven even smaller – which are included within the administrative district (kecamatan), which has the same name as the main island. The district had a population of 45,110 at the 2010 census, covering 202.84 km2,[2] and the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 63,900.[3]
See main article: Nusa Penida Balinese. The people of Nusa Penida generally use Nusa Penida Balinese (basa Nosa). This dialect is a little unique to mainland Balinese because it cannot be understood by speakers from mainland Balinese[4]
Nusa Penida, together with neighbouring Lembongan and Ceningan Islands, forms a bird sanctuary.[5] The island communities have used traditional Balinese village regulations to create the sanctuary. The idea of a sanctuary came from the Friends of the National Parks Foundation (FNPF).[6]
In 2006 all 35 villages (now 41 villages) agreed to make bird protection part of their traditional regulations (Balinese: ᬳᬯᬶᬕ᭄ᬳᬯᬶᬕ᭄|awig-awig). Since then, the FNPF has rehabilitated and released various Indonesian birds, most notably the critically endangered Bali starling which is endemic to Bali but whose numbers in the wild had declined to less than 10 in 2005. After a two-year program by FNPF in which 64 cage-bred birds were rehabilitated and released onto Nusa Penida, their number had increased to over 100 in 2009. Other released birds include the Java sparrow, Mitchell's lorikeet, and sulphur-crested cockatoo.
Points of interest on Nusa Penida include:
Nusa Penida covers a wide area of diving locations, including Penida Bay, Batu Lumbung (Manta Point), Batu Meling, Batu Abah, Toya Pakeh, and Malibu Point.[7] The flow through the Lombok Strait is, overall, south-tending, although the strength and direction of the tidal streams are influenced by the monsoon seasons.
During the southeast monsoons, the tidal flow tends south; during the northeast monsoons, the tidal flow tends north. In the area of the strait north of Nusa Penida, the pattern is relatively simple, with a flow, at peak tide, of about three-and-one-half knots. Tidal streams in Badung Strait are semi-diurnal, but the character of the stream is very complicated because its direction runs obliquely to the general south-to-north direction of Lombok Strait, and the channel has a curved shape.
Based on a survey in 2009, there were about 1,419 hectares of coral sites with 66 percent covering the sites in 3 metres depth and 74 percent covered the sites in 10 metres depth.[8]