Nueva Vizcaya Explained

Nueva Vizcaya
Official Name:Province of Nueva Vizcaya
Named For:Biscay, Spain
Flag Size:120x80px
Seal Size:100x80px
Nickname:Citrus Capital of the Philippines
Watershed Haven of Cagayan Valley
Anthem:Vizcaya Hymn
Image Map1:
Frame-Width:250
Zoom:7
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Type1:Region
Established Title:Founded
Established Date:1839
Seat Type:Capital
Seat:Bayombong
Leader Title:Governor
Leader Name:Jose V. Gambito (PFP)
Leader Title1:Vice Governor
Leader Name1:Eufemia A. Dacayo (Lakas-CMD)
Leader Name2:Luisa L. Cuaresma (Lakas-CMD)
Leader Title3:Legislature
Leader Name3:Nueva Vizcaya Provincial Board
Area Footnotes:[1]
Area Total Km2:4813.88
Area Rank:31st out of 81
Elevation Max M:2,928
Elevation Max Point:Mount Pulag
Population Rank:59th out of 81
Population Density Km2:auto
Population Density Rank:68th out of 81
Population Demonym:Novo Vizcayano
Demographics Type1:Divisions
Demographics1 Title1:Independent cities
Demographics1 Info1:0
Demographics1 Title2:Component cities
Demographics1 Info2:0
Demographics1 Title3:Municipalities
Demographics1 Title4:Barangays
Demographics1 Info4:275
Demographics1 Title5:Districts
Demographics1 Info5:Legislative district of Nueva Vizcaya
Timezone:PHT
Utc Offset:+8
Postal Code Type:ZIP code
Blank Name Sec1:Spoken languages

Nueva Vizcaya, officially the Province of Nueva Vizcaya (Iloko: Probinsia ti Nueva Vizcaya; Probinsia na Nueva Vizcaya; Pangasinan: Luyag/Probinsia na Nueva Vizcaya; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Nueva Vizcaya in Tagalog pronounced as /ˈnwɛva vɪsˈkaja/), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Bayombong. It is bordered by Benguet to the west, Ifugao to the north, Isabela to the northeast, Quirino to the east, Aurora to the southeast, Nueva Ecija to the south, and Pangasinan to the southwest. Quirino province was created from Nueva Vizcaya in 1966.

Etymology

The name Nueva Vizcaya is derived from the name of the province of Biscay (called Vizcaya in Spanish, Bizkaia in Basque) during the Spanish colonial period. This can be seen in the right part of the seal, a representation of the heraldic of Vizcaya in Spain.

History

Spanish colonial era

The areas of present-day Nueva Vizcaya used to be part of the vast Provincia de Cagayan. Organized religion in Nueva Vizcaya dates back to the year 1607, when the Dominican Order arrived in the province. It was not until 1609, however, that the first settlement of a religious order was established in the southern half of the province. In 1702, a convent was erected in Burubur at the foot of the Caraballo Mountains in Santa Clara, which is now a barangay in the town of Aritao. It was on this site that the first mass in Nueva Vizcaya was celebrated and the first baptism of a Christian convert was held.

Spanish conquest of Nueva Vizcaya was slow and arduous. Expeditions had to be sent again and again because the natives refused to accept Spanish sovereignty. In some of these expeditions, services of some Filipino chieftains were utilized. The most famous of these expeditions was that commanded by Mariano Oscariz, in 1847–1848, which carried him clear through the province across to Palanan on the eastern coast of Luzon.[2]

In 1818, Nueva Ecija annexed the towns of Palanan from Isabela, as well as Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Baler, Casiguran, Infanta (formerly called Binangonan de Lampon) and Polillo Islands from Tayabas, and part of Rizal.[3]

In 1839, upon the advice of the alcalde mayor of Cagayan,[4] Luis Lardizabal, then-Governor General of the Philippines created the politico-military province of Nueva Vizcaya.[5] The order was approved by a Royal Decree on April 10, 1841. The original province covered the areas of present-day Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Ifugao, Apayao, Kalinga, and Benguet, Batanes, a large portion of Isabela, as well as north Aurora. After Nueva Vizcaya was created, it included the present area occupied by the province plus present-day Mountain Province, much of Isabela, Quirino, & north Aurora.[6]

Civil government was established in the province by the Philippine Commission in 1902 during the American Colonial Period of the Philippines.

The territories of Nueva Vizcaya were greatly reduced when Nueva Vizcaya ceded a big portion of its north-eastern territory, including Camarag, its first capital, now Echague, to form the province of Isabela in May 1865.

American colonial era

In 1908, the northwestern territory of Nueva Vizcaya was annexed to the newly organized sub-province of Ifugao. The survey executed by the Bureau of Lands in 1914 further caused the diminution of its area and reduced again upon the enactment of the Administrative Code of 1917. North areas of present-day Aurora (composed of present towns of Dilasag & part of Casiguran) were annexed to Tayabas (now Quezon) in 1905.[7] In 1918, the area of modern Aurora north of Baler (composed of Dinalungan, Dipaculao, & Maria Aurora, besides Casiguran & Dilasag) was transferred to the authority of Nueva Vizcaya, but returned to Quezon Province in 1946.

The province of Nueva Vizcaya was also included in the 12th district of the Philippine Senate during the American period. The district included Mountain Province (present-day Apayao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, and Benguet), Cotabato (undivided), Agusan (undivided), Davao (undivided), Zamboanga (undivided), and Sulu (undivided). The province was included in the district because of its ethnic compatibility with Mountain Province and other indigenous domains in the Cordilleras and Mindanao.

Japanese occupation

During the Pacific War of the Second World War, the Japanese captured Nueva Vizcaya and established a "comfort station" in the province, where Filipino "comfort women" were enslaved, routinely gang-raped, and murdered under Japanese control.[8] [9] [10] The Dalton Pass was the scene of a major battle between the Empire of Japan, the Commonwealth of the Philippines and American forces, with the Allies winning on May 31, 1945.[11]

Philippine Independence

In 1971, with the passage of Republic Act No. 6394, Quirino, which was then a sub-province of Nueva Vizcaya, was separated from its mother province and made into a regular province.[12] [13]

Geography

Surrounded by North Luzon's three large mountain ranges, Nueva Vizcaya is generally mountainous, varying from steep mountains to rolling hills, with some valleys and plains. It is bordered on the west by the Cordillera mountains, on the east by the Sierra Madre mountains, and on the south by the Caraballo Mountains. The province (and the entire Cagayan Valley) are separated from the Central Luzon plains by the Caraballo Mountains.

The province has a total land area of . The southernmost province in the Cagayan Valley region, Nueva Vizcaya lies approximately north of Metro Manila and can be reached by land via the Cagayan Valley Road (Maharlika Highway).

Administrative divisions

Nueva Vizcaya comprises 15 municipalities, with Bayombong as the provincial capital and major educational center, Bambang (the agricultural hub) and Solano (the financial district) as the major commercial centers, and Kayapa as the summer capital and "vegetable bowl" of the province. All municipalities are encompassed by a lone legislative district, but are separated into two districts for purposes of representation in its provincial board. The 1st District comprises the municipalities of Ambaguio, Bagabag, Bayombong, Diadi, Quezon, Solano and Villaverde, while the 2nd District is composed of the municipalities of Alfonso Castañeda, Aritao, Bambang, Dupax del Norte, Dupax del Sur, Kayapa, Kasibu and Santa Fe.

Geographically, the western half of Nueva Vizcaya is part of the main Cordilleras, while its eastern half is part of the Caraballos, the meeting point of the Cordilleras and the Sierra Madre. There have been grassroot moves to reunify Nueva Vizcaya with the Cordillera Region due to cultural and geographical harmony, however, none have been introduced in Congress.

MunicipalityPopulationAreaDensity
km2/km2
15.7951°N 121.3005°WAlfonso Castañeda7,940849.83km2NaN8,539/849.836
16.5312°N 121.0278°WAmbaguio15,250156.26km2NaN15,472/156.268
16.2968°N 121.034°WAritao37,225265.6km2NaN42,197/265.6022
16.6055°N 121.2533°WBagabag35,501183.9km2NaN37,985/183.9017
16.3899°N 121.1061°WBambang53,433345km2NaN55,789/345.0025
16.4841°N 121.1439°WBayombong61,512163.36km2NaN67,714/163.3625
16.6599°N 121.3686°WDiadi18,122181.2km2NaN19,236/181.2019
16.3073°N 121.1017°W27,514347.3km2NaN33,295/347.3015
16.2842°N 121.0913°W19,111374.7km2NaN21,224/374.7019
16.3165°N 121.2954°WKasibu37,705318.8km2NaN41,776/318.8030
16.358°N 120.8871°WKayapa23,714740.2km2NaN26,469/740.2030
16.4903°N 121.2636°WQuezon21,056266.62km2NaN24,055/266.6212
16.1576°N 120.9364°WSanta Fe 16,180399.81km2NaN18,276/399.8116
16.5187°N 121.1818°WSolano59,517139.8km2NaN65,287/139.8022
16.6063°N 121.1837°WVillaverde 18,50781.5km2NaN20,118/81.509
Total497,432452,2874,813.884813.88km2NaNPD/km2NaNPD/km2275
Provincial capitalMunicipality

Barangays

See main article: List of barangays in Nueva Vizcaya. The 15 municipalities of the province comprise a total of 275 barangays, with Roxas in Solano, Nueva Vizcaya as the most populous in 2010, and Santa Rosa in Santa Fe, Nueva Vizcaya as the least.

Demographics

The population of Nueva Vizcaya in the 2020 census was 497,432 people, with a density of NaNPD/km2NaNPD/km2.

Nueva Vizcaya is home to about 18 indigenous peoples, which includes the major tribes of the Ifugao, Gaddang, Isinai, Dumagat, Kalanguya, and the Bugkalot . Indigenous peoples' groups have filed for ancestral domain titles covering parts of the province.[14] [15]

The Ilokano population in the province are not indigenous as they were part of the labor force initially needed by the Spanish administration to work on the tobacco plantations beginning in the 1700s, and later immigrants with skills construct churches and other structures needed for development. Indigenous tribes were not cooperative with the Spaniards. After several insurrections by the locals, Spanish officials chose to import trained labor from established settlements in the coastal regions of Pangasinan and Ilocos. So, it was deliberated in the Spanish Congress the need for in migration of labor. After it was voted by a majority and approved by the king, Ilocanos started to migrate and were given homestead. Thus, the start of the migration of Ilocanos in the province.[16]

Every last week of May, these ethnolinguistic groups gather to celebrate the Ammungan festival (formerly Panagyaman festival), a week-long affair culminating on May 24, the province's foundation day.

Since Nueva Vizcaya's birth as a province, traces of the culture and customs of its early settlers - the Igorots [Ilongots (Bugkalot), Ifugaos, Isinais, Kalanguya], Gaddangs, and the Pangasinans - can still be seen. The influx of civilization and the infusion of modern technology to the life stream of the province induced immigration from adjacent provinces. The province was pushed to be included in the Cordillera Autonomous Region because the province is technically within the Cordillera, however, it did not came to be due to the failure to enact an autonomous Cordillera by the national government. Today, questions linger on the exclusion of Nueva Vizcaya despite the province being culturally and geographically linked to the Cordilleras. The province also has the largest Igorot population outside the Cordillera region. Tagalogs live along the border of Nueva Ecija & in the capital, Bayombong.

Religion

Roman Catholics are about 63% of the population of the province.[17] Other faiths are divided among Aglipayan Church, Iglesia ni Cristo which form about 5-6% of the province population,[18] The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baptist, Methodist, Pentecostals, Seventh-day Adventist and other Evangelical Christians which forms about 17%-20% of the province's population[19] [20] as well as Muslims and indigenous Cordilleran religions.

Languages

Nueva Vizcaya province possesses one of the most diverse array of indigenous languages in Luzon, a testimony to its cultural and geographic linkages with the Cordillera mountain range. The indigenous languages of the province listed by the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino are the Bugkalut language, Ibaloy language, Ifugaw language, Iguwak language, Irungdungan language, Isinay language, Kalanguya language, and Kankanaey language. During the later part of the Spanish regime, people from Ilocos region migrated to the province through the recommendation of Spanish officials in the province. It was deliberated in the Spanish court in Spain and with a majority vote and approval of the king of Spain, Ilocanos were allowed to migrate to the province. Thus, the importation of the Ilokano language and culture started, becoming the lingua franca of the province. Ilokano accents were affected by the native languages of the peoples whom Ilokanos intermingled with. Remarkably, the economy of the province started to grow because of the industry of the Ilocanos as well as through their innate talent in entrepreneurship and in other industries including agriculture. As Nueva Vizcaya was part of Provincia de Cagayan which is the predecessor of Cagayan Valley, a few residents speak Ibanag, which was the lingua franca of Provincia de Cagayan before it was replaced by Ilokano.

Economy

Agriculture is the main industry in the province, together with rice, corn, fruits and vegetables as major crops. Nueva Vizcaya is a major producer of citrus crops in the country, principally pomelo, ponkan and oranges. The Nueva Vizcaya Agricultural Terminal in Bambang supplies the demand of neighboring provinces and Metro Manila. There is a mining industry in the province which added to the provincial income.[21] [22] However, mining activities have also been alleged to have dried up water sources, polluted the environment, and endangered livelihoods of farmers and fisherfolk.[23] [24] [25]

According to the Mines and Geosciences Bureau, deposits of metallic minerals discovered in the province are copper, gold, molybdenum and pyrite. Non-metallic deposits include red clay, white clay and limestone, with sand and gravel being the most abundant deposits in the province.[26]

On January 11, 2008, the Cagayan Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) stated that tilapia (species of cichlid fishes from the tilapiine cichlid tribe) production grew and Cagayan Valley is now the Philippines' tilapia capital (Saint Peter's fish). Production supply grew 37.25% since 2003, with 14,000 metric tons (MT) in 2007. The recent aquaculture congress found that the growth of tilapia production was due to government interventions: provision of fast-growing species, accreditation of private hatcheries to ensure supply of quality fingerlings, establishment of demonstration farms, providing free fingerlings to newly constructed fishponds, and the dissemination of tilapia to Nueva Vizcaya (in Diadi town).[27]

Government

See also: Governor of Nueva Vizcaya. Nueva Vizcaya has one congressional district, although there has been a longtime proposal to divide the province into two congressional districts.

Members of the Nueva Vizcaya Provincial Council (20222025)[28]
PositionProvincial Official
Provincial GovernorAtty. Jose V. Gambito
Provincial Vice GovernorEufemia A. Dacayo
District Representative (Lone District of Nueva Vizcaya)Rep. Luisa Lloren-Cuaresma
Provincial Board MembersPatricio Dumlao Jr.
Byron Sevillena
Delbert Tidang
Eunice Gambol
Atty. Primo Percival Marcos
Roland Carub
Pablo Kindot
Atty. Edgardo C. Balgos
Florante S. Gerdan
Elma Pinao-an Lejao
Eufemia Dacayo
Victor Gines Jr.
Marizel Reyes
Samuel Balinhawang

Education

Nueva Vizcaya has the following education institutions, among others.

Notable personalities

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: List of Provinces . PSGC Interactive . National Statistical Coordination Board . December 16, 2013 . Makati, Philippines . September 12, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160912160311/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp . dead .
  2. Web site: History of the Philippines. Project Gutenberg. January 19, 2021.
  3. https://region3.dilg.gov.ph/nueva-ecija/index.php/about/who-we-are Who We Are: Nueva Ecija
  4. Web site: Provincial Profile. Province of Nueva Vizcaya (official website). January 17, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20141011015701/http://www.nuevavizcaya.gov.ph/general-information/provincial-profile/. October 11, 2014. dead.
  5. Book: Lancion. Conrado M. Jr.. de Guzman. Rey (cartography). Fast Facts about Philippine Provinces. 1995. Tahanan Books. Makati, Metro Manila. 971-630-037-9. 118, 48, 49, 84. The 2000 Millenium. January 16, 2015. The Provinces.
  6. Web site: Aurora, Philippines – History. www.aurora.ph. en. February 18, 2023.
  7. The picture of territorial evolution of Quezon.
  8. News: Philippine Survivor Recounts Her Struggle As A 'Comfort Woman' For Wartime Japan. NPR.org. NPR. 15 August 2021.
  9. Book: The Other Empire: Literary Views of Japan from the Philippines, Singapore, and Malaysia. 2008. The University of the Philippines Press. 9789715425629. 15 August 2021.
  10. Web site: Women made to be Comfort Women - Philippines. www.awf.or.jp.
  11. Smith, R.R., 2005, Triumph in the Philippines, Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific,
  12. Web site: Republic Act No. 4734 - An Act Creating the Subprovince of Quirino in the Province of Nueva Vizcaya. Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. January 13, 2015.
  13. Web site: Brief History of Quirino. Province of Quirino (official website). January 13, 2015. March 6, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160306145609/http://quirinoprovince.org/?page_id=7. dead.
  14. Web site: Dipaculao Egongot ICCA, Philippines. June 8, 2020. ICCA Registry.
  15. News: Ebreo. Ben Moses. May 1, 2017. IP tribe pushes domain claim. en. Manila Standard. June 8, 2020.
  16. News: Babiera. Lester G.. Nueva Vizcaya mounts Ammungan fest, celebrates diversity. April 22, 2016. Philippine Daily Inquirer. July 14, 2014. Its major tribes include the Ifugao of the towns of Quezon, Bagabag and Kasibu; Gaddang of Solano, Bayombong; Isinai of Dupax del Sur and Bambang; Dumagat of Aritao; Kalanguya of Santa Fe; and the Bugkalot of Alfonso Castañeda and Dupax del Norte. This cultural diversity came to the fore once more as Nueva Vizcaya recently celebrated the Grand Ammungan Festival to mark its 175th founding anniversary.. March 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165517/http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/165843/nueva-vizcaya-mounts-ammungan-fest-celebrates-diversity. dead.
  17. Web site: MAP: Catholicism in the Philippines. Rappler. April 3, 2021. June 22, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180622060420/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/81162-map-catholicism-philippines. dead.
  18. Web site: MAP: Iglesia ni Cristo in the Philippines. Rappler. April 3, 2021. November 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211124125447/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/map-iglesia-ni-cristo-population-philippines. dead.
  19. Web site: Archived copy . October 9, 2017 . April 12, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190412022634/http://philchal.org/dawn/provinceupdates/ProvSummary_%20NUEVA_VIZCAYA_2011.pdf . dead .
  20. http://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/Nueva%20Vizcaya_Statistical%20Tables.xls Nueva Vizcaya Statistical Tables
  21. News: OceanaGold inks deal. April 22, 2016. The Standard Business. October 17, 2013. OceanaGold (Phils.) Inc., contractor of the Didipio gold-copper project in Northern Luzon, signed a wide-ranging memorandum of agreement with the council leaders of Didipio village in Nueva Vizcaya.. April 28, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160428005309/http://manilastandardtoday.com/business/130204/oceanagold-inks-deal.html. dead.
  22. News: Gonzales. Anna Leah E.. OceanaGold to invest $20m. April 22, 2016. The Standard. September 13, 2013. OceanaGold Corp. said Thursday it will spend $10 million to $20 million to connect the Didipio gold-copper mine in Nueva Vizcaya province to the Luzon power grid.. April 28, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160428000935/http://manilastandardtoday.com/business/122181/oceanagold-to-invest-20m.html. dead.
  23. Web site: Umil. Anne Marxze. March 7, 2020. Highlights of complaints submitted to UN human rights body. June 8, 2020. Bulatlat. en-US.
  24. Web site: Contributors. Bulatlat. October 5, 2014. Investigating mining pollution and plunder in Nueva Vizcaya. June 8, 2020. Bulatlat. en-US.
  25. Web site: Dullana. Raymon. March 6, 2018. Nueva Vizcaya officials vow to block renewal of OceanaGold mining permit. June 8, 2020. Rappler. en.
  26. Web site: Mines and Geosciences Bureau; Mines Sector. Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Region 2 - Cagayan Valley. April 22, 2016. June 10, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160610233130/http://r2.denr.gov.ph/index.php/88-line-bureaus/88-mines-and-geosciences-bureau. dead.
  27. Web site: Abs-Cbn Interactive, Cagayan Valley country's tilapia capital.
  28. Web site: Legislative Branch – Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines . February 19, 2020 . October 20, 2022 . en-US.
  29. Web site: Senate honors the "Legend of the North" . . 11 May 2024.
  30. Web site: Order of National Artists: Edith L. Tiempo . . 2 May 2024 .
  31. News: PROFILE: John Castriciones Candidate for Senator - 2022 elections . . 2 May 2024.
  32. News: Gloria . Glenda . Danny Lim: The West Pointer who rebelled against a system, then embraced it . . 2 May 2024 . January 6, 2021 . live.
  33. Web site: Danao takes over from Dela Rosa . Edge Davao . October 25, 2013 . May 2, 2024.
  34. Web site: Senate Resolution No. 36. Senate of the Republic of the Philippines. 2 May 2024.
  35. News: Hillarie Danielle Parungao is Miss World Philippines 2015. en. Manila Standard. May 2, 2024.
  36. News: Viloria. Angelica. Dañguilan-Vitug launches book in NV. May 2, 2024. The Marian. 4. Saint Mary's University. October–December 2012. Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya. 2.
  37. News: KIKAY-SAUR: 8 STARTER-FACTS ABOUT BINI MEMBER STACEY . 30 July 2024 . Zeen Magazine . 27 June 2024.