Nucleobindin 1 Explained

Nucleobindin-1 (NUCB1), also known as calnuc, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NUCB1 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Structure

The human calnuc protein contains 461 amino acids and has a pI of 4.9.^[3]

The protein contains the following regions and domains:

• Signal peptide^[4]
• Leucine-zipper^[4] The leucine-zipper of calnuc may be responsible for its dimerization.
• aa 347-389 – Nuclear localization signal
• 2 zinc binding sites^[5] with high affinity (K_d = 20 nM)
• carboxypeptidase-like motifs : HFREXnH (aa 66) and HFTEXnH (aa 146)
• 2 EF-hands
• Potential anchor region^[3] – 15-aa hydrophobic region at its COOH terminus that may be sufficient for membrane anchoring

Further reading

• Miura K, Titani K, Kurosawa Y, Kanai Y . Molecular cloning of nucleobindin, a novel DNA-binding protein that contains both a signal peptide and a leucine zipper structure . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 187 . 1 . 375–80 . 1992 . 1520323 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(05)81503-7 .
• Mochizuki N, Hibi M, Kanai Y, Insel PA . Interaction of the protein nucleobindin with G alpha i2, as revealed by the yeast two-hybrid system . FEBS Lett. . 373 . 2 . 155–8 . 1995 . 7589456 . 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01031-9 . 84629575 . free .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Ballif BA . Interaction of cyclooxygenases with an apoptosis- and autoimmunity-associated protein . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 93 . 11 . 5544–9 . 1996 . 8643612 . 10.1073/pnas.93.11.5544 . 39283 . vanc. Mincek NV . Barratt JT . 3 . Wilson . ML . Simmons . DL . 1996PNAS...93.5544B . free .
• Suzuki Y . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 . vanc. Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K . Maruyama K . 3 . Suyama . A . Sugano . S .
• Kubota T . Upregulation of nucleobindin expression in human-activated lymphocytes and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma . Pathol. Int. . 48 . 1 . 22–8 . 1998 . 9589460 . 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1998.tb03823.x . vanc. Miyauchi M . Miura K . 3 . Hirokawa . Goh . Awaya . Akira . Miyasaka . Nobuyuki . Kurosawa . Yoshikazu . Kanal . Yoshiyukl . Maruyama . Koshi . 20338800 .
• Lin P . The mammalian calcium-binding protein, nucleobindin (CALNUC), is a Golgi resident protein . J. Cell Biol. . 141 . 7 . 1515–27 . 1998 . 9647645 . 10.1083/jcb.141.7.1515 . 2132997 . vanc. Le-Niculescu H . Hofmeister R . 3 . McCaffery . JM . Jin . M . Hennemann . H . McQuistan . T . De Vries . L . Farquhar . MG .
• Taniguchi N . The postmitotic growth suppressor necdin interacts with a calcium-binding protein (NEFA) in neuronal cytoplasm . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 41 . 31674–81 . 2000 . 10915798 . 10.1074/jbc.M005103200 . vanc. Taniura H . Niinobe M . 3 . Takayama . C . Tominaga-Yoshino . K . Ogura . A . Yoshikawa . K . free .
• Weiss TS . Galpha i3 binding to calnuc on Golgi membranes in living cells monitored by fluorescence resonance energy transfer of green fluorescent protein fusion proteins . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 98 . 26 . 14961–6 . 2002 . 11752444 . 10.1073/pnas.261572098 . 64966 . vanc. Chamberlain CE . Takeda T . 3 . Lin . P . Hahn . KM . Farquhar . MG . free .
• Strausberg RL . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . vanc. Feingold EA . Grouse LH . 3 . Derge . JG . Klausner . RD . Collins . FS . Wagner . L . Shenmen . CM . Schuler . GD . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Ota T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . vanc. Suzuki Y . Nishikawa T . 3 . Otsuki . Tetsuji . Sugiyama . Tomoyasu . Irie . Ryotaro . Wakamatsu . Ai . Hayashi . Koji . Sato . Hiroyuki . free .
• de Alba E, Tjandra N . Structural studies on the Ca2+-binding domain of human nucleobindin (calnuc) . Biochemistry . 43 . 31 . 10039–49 . 2004 . 15287731 . 10.1021/bi049310a .
• Breuza L . Proteomics of endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membranes from brefeldin A-treated HepG2 cells identifies ERGIC-32, a new cycling protein that interacts with human Erv46 . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 45 . 47242–53 . 2004 . 15308636 . 10.1074/jbc.M406644200 . vanc. Halbeisen R . Jenö P . 3 . Otte . S . Barlowe . C . Hong . W . Hauri . HP . free .
• Gerhard DS . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . vanc. Wagner L . Feingold EA . 3 . Shenmen . CM . Grouse . LH . Schuler . G . Klein . SL . Old . S . Rasooly . R .
• Rual JF . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . vanc. Venkatesan K . Hao T . 3 . Hirozane-Kishikawa . Tomoko . Dricot . Amélie . Li . Ning . Berriz . Gabriel F. . Gibbons . Francis D. . Dreze . Matija . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
• Chen Y . Autoantibodies to Ca2+ binding protein Calnuc is a potential marker in colon cancer detection . Int. J. Oncol. . 30 . 5 . 1137–44 . 2007 . 17390015 . 10.3892/ijo.30.5.1137. vanc. Lin P . Qiu S . 3 . Peng . XX . Looi . K . Farquhar . MG . Zhang . JY . free .
• Tsukumo Y . Nucleobindin 1 controls the unfolded protein response by inhibiting ATF6 activation . J. Biol. Chem. . 282 . 40 . 29264–72 . 2007 . 17686766 . 10.1074/jbc.M705038200 . vanc. Tomida A . Kitahara O . 3 . Nakamura . Y. . Asada . S. . Mori . K. . Tsuruo . T. . free .

Notes and References

1. Miura K, Hirai M, Kanai Y, Kurosawa Y . Organization of the human gene for nucleobindin (NUC) and its chromosomal assignment to 19q13.2-q13.4 . Genomics . 34 . 2 . 181–6 . Feb 1997 . 8661046 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0263 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: NUCB1 nucleobindin 1.
3. Lin P, Le-Niculescu H, Hofmeister R, McCaffery JM, Jin M, Hennemann H, McQuistan T, De Vries L, Farquhar MG . The mammalian calcium-binding protein, nucleobindin (CALNUC), is a Golgi resident protein . J. Cell Biol. . 141 . 7 . 1515–27 . June 1998 . 9647645 . 2132997 . 10.1083/jcb.141.7.1515.
4. Miura K, Titani K, Kurosawa Y, Kanai Y . Molecular cloning of nucleobindin, a novel DNA-binding protein that contains both a signal peptide and a leucine zipper structure . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 187 . 1 . 375–80 . August 1992 . 1520323 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(05)81503-7.
5. Kanuru M, Raman R, Aradhyam GK . Serine protease activity of calnuc: regulation by Zn2+ and G proteins . J. Biol. Chem. . 288 . 3 . 1762–73 . January 2013 . 23195954 . 10.1074/jbc.M112.382846 . 3548486. free .