| Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki | |
| Pushpin Map: | Poland |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Poland |
| Subdivision Type1: | Voivodeship |
| Subdivision Name1: | Masovian |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Nowy Dwór |
| Subdivision Type3: | Gmina |
| Subdivision Name3: | Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki (urban gmina) |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Jacek Kowalski |
| Established Title: | Established |
| Established Date: | before 1294 |
| Established Title3: | Town rights |
| Established Date3: | 1374 |
| Area Total Km2: | 28.21 |
| Population As Of: | 2021 |
| Population Total: | 28564[1] |
| Population Density Km2: | 1012 |
| Timezone: | CET |
| Utc Offset: | +1 |
| Timezone Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +2 |
| Coordinates: | 52.4333°N 61°W |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 05-100 |
| Area Code: | +48 022 |
| Blank Name: | Car plates |
| Blank Info: | WND |
| Website: | http://www.nowydwormaz.pl |
Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki (pronounced, meaning New Masovian Court), often simply referred to as Nowy Dwór, is a town in east-central Poland with ca. 42500 inhabitants (2008). It is situated in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999); previously, it was in Warszawa Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is the capital of Nowy Dwór County.
One of its districts is Modlin, created from incorporating the former village of Modlin into the growing town in 1961. Modlin Fortress is now also part of the city. Many structures related to the fort can be seen in the Modlin district, including ruins from defensive structures designed by Napoleon Bonaparte[2] and Tsarist Blocks built between 1899 and 1901 to house soldiers of the Russian army, and which are still in use as private flats today.[3]
The Germans occupied the town beginning in September 1939. They immediately began to persecute the Jewish population. Many Jews fled to Warsaw, others to Soviet occupied territory in the east. From 1941 to 1942, the Germans set up a ghetto between the four streets Nałęcza, Warszawska, Mazowiecka, and Piaskowa. Most of the 9000 or more Jewish inhabitants of the town were murdered. Some were murdered in the environs of the town; most were sent to Auschwitz concentration camp. Typhus was rampant in the ghetto taking many lives there. Only about 400 Nowy Dwor Jews survived; most of the survivors had fled to Soviet occupied territory and later to the Soviet Union itself, where they stayed throughout the war.[4] Holocaust survivor Yehudis Pshenitse has recounted the efforts of a parish priest from Nowy Dwór to save her life after the murder of more than 2000 Jews in Rembertów ghetto in August 1942. Hiding her in his cellar, he gave her false papers identifying her as a Christian. Betrayed to the German occupying forces, the priest was tortured. He was released, but mortally wounded. Pshenitse described how he blessed her before dying: "Once again, he asked [his housekeeper] that I be hidden in a safe place, and then he died." The housekeeper took her to Modlin, where she was able to survive, living "by her own wits, posing as a Christian child."[5]
The Israeli city of Holon has a Nowy Dwór Street (רחוב נובידבור). The name was given at the request of survivors of the Nowy Dwór Jewish community, who arrived in Holon after 1945.
Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki is also renowned for its wooden architecture, which is still faintly visible within the city limits. Some of the wooden houses and villas date back to the late 18th century. The name Nowy Dwór itself, which literally means "New Manor" in English, relates to the manor-like architecture of the region.