| Nowshera | |
| Native Name Lang: | ps |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Pushpin Map: | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#Pakistan |
| Pushpin Label Position: | top |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Type3: | Tehsil |
| Subdivision Name3: | Nowshera |
| Established Title: | Established |
| Government Footnotes: | [1] |
| Government Type: | Tehsil-council |
| Leader Party: | PTI |
| Leader Title: | Chairman |
| Leader Name: | Muhammad Ishaq Khan Khattak[2] |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Footnotes: | [3] |
| Area Total Km2: | 1748 |
| Population Note: | Nowshera Kalan Municipal Committee: 83,567 Nowshera Cantonment: 36,564 |
| Population Total: | 120,131 |
| Population As Of: | 2017 |
| Population Footnotes: | [4] |
| Population Density Km2: | 500 |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Language(s) |
| Timezone1: | PST |
| Utc Offset1: | +5 |
| Postal Code: | 24100 |
| Area Code: | 0923 |
| Demographics1 Info1: | Pashto, Hindko |
| Blank Name: | Highways |
| Blank Info: | |
Nowshera (; ; ps|نوښار, pr. Nowkhār) is the capital city of Nowshera District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is the 78th largest city in Pakistan and ninth largest city in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Located in the Valley of Peshawar, Nowshera lies on the Kabul River, and is approximately 27miles east of the provincial capital Peshawar, along the Grand Trunk Road.[5]
The local Pashto name of the city is Nowkhār (Pushto; Pashto: نوښار), which means "New City". It was translated into Dari Persian and Urdu as Nowshehra (Urdu: نوشہرہ), which is a word with the same meaning.
See also: Battle of Nowshera. Nowshera was developed during the Afghan Durrani Empire. The Battle of Nowshera was fought in March 1823 between the forces of Pashtuns with support from Azim Khan Barakzai, Durrani governor against the Sikh Khalsa Army of Ranjit Singh.[6] The battle was a decisive victory for the Sikh Empire against Afghans and led to their occupation of the Peshawar Valley.[7]
The city came under British rule in 1849. During British rule, Nowshera was a town and cantonment tehsil of the Peshawar District (later Peshawar Division). The town was on the route of the North-Western Railway and Grand Trunk Road. During the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857, the town did not see any bloodshed as the native garrison had been peacefully disarmed by the British and had remained loyal. The population according to the 1901 census of India was 9,518.
The Imperial Gazetteer of India described the cantonment as follows:[5]
Nowshera District is bordered by Peshawar District to the west, Mardan District to the north, Charsadda District to the northwest, Swabi District to the northeast, Kohat District to the south, Orakzai Agency to the southwest, and Attock District to the east.
Weather
Generally, winters are cold from November to February, and summers are hot from June to August.
According to the 1998 census of Pakistan the estimated population was 874,373. The male population was 455,598 (52.10%), while the female population was 418,775 (47.90%), a population density of 500.2 persons per km2.[8] The population of Urban dwellers was 227030 (25.96%) and that of Rural dwellers was 647343 (74.04%). The annual growth rate was 2.9%. The literacy rate was estimated at 89%.
Pashto is the native language of the majority of residents. Urdu, being the national language of Pakistan, is also widely understood.
| 1881[9] [10] [11] | 1901[12] [13] | 1911[14] [15] | 1921[16] [17] | 1931[18] | 1941[19] | 2017[20] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9,032 | 3,866 | 16,177 | 18,335 | 19,662 | 28,132 | 193,952 | |||||||||
| 2,820 | 3,523 | 5,468 | 6,192 | 4,675 | 9,831 | 650 | |||||||||
| 93 | 949 | 1,808 | 1,319 | 3,042 | 4,253 | ||||||||||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 1,173 | 2,044 | 1,896 | 1,560 | 412 | 3,334 | ||||||||||
| 7 | 1 | 0 | 27 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 94 | |||||||||||||||
| Others | 1,018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,394 | 13 | ||||||||
| Total population | 12,963 | 9,518 | 25,498 | 27,742 | 28,966 | 44,022 | 198,043 | ||||||||
The major tribes in the district are Pashtuns of Durrani, Khattak, Yousafzai tribes. The Khattak tribe makes up 65% of the population of the District, especially their sub-tribe Akora Khattak.
The Kakakhels are a prominent Syed clan of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. Their roots reach to Hazrat Ali bin Ismail bin Imame-Jafer Sadiq. Kakakhels are descendants of the Islamic Sufi (wali) Syed Kastir Gul (also known as Kaka Sahib), and Sheikh Rahamkar - a student of Sheikh Hazrat Akhun Adeen/Adyan Seljuki. Kastir Gul was affectionately known as "Kakasahib", and his descendants are known as Kakakhels - meaning "the sons of Kakasahib". The clan originated in a small village known as "Kakasaib" in Nowshera. (It is a matter of debate whether Kaka Khels qualify as a Pashtun tribe as they are a family group with affiliation to one progenitor, Kaka Sahib - but it is not known if he was a Pashtun - Mian or Miah are the descendants of Kaka Sahib.)
Khattaks are the Largest tribe in District Nowshera with approximately 65%-70% of total district population. Nizampur area, Khairabad, Akorra Khattak, Mera Akorra, Misri banda, Jehangira, Merra Jehangira, Shaidu, Wattar, Surya Khel, Cherat area, Manki Sharif, and all surrounding areas of these villages are dominated by Khattak tribe.
On the right side of Kabul river across district Nowshera are non Khattack Pashtun tribe living in Akbarpura, Zakhi, Mohab Banda(all banda-jat villegs), khushmaqam, Tarkha, etc.
Nowshera is well connected with the rest of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and other provinces of Pakistan through airports, railways, and roads.
Bacha Khan International Airport in Peshawar and Islamabad International Airport in Islamabad are situated at a drive of around 1 hour and 2 hours, respectively.
Pakistan Railways offers passengers and freight rail services. Kabul River railway station Khushal Kot Railway station Amangarh and Nowshera Junction railway station are in the city.
National Highway 5, or N-5, is Pakistan’s longest highway running from the port city of Karachi to the Afghan border crossing at Torkham. Its total length is 1,756 km and it runs north from Karachi located in Sindh province to Hyderabad, Moro and Khairpur before crossing into Punjab province where it passes through Multan, Sahiwal, Lahore, Sheikhupura District, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Jhelum and Rawalpindi. At Rawalpindi, it turns eastwards and passes through Attock Khurd before crossing the Indus River into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to continue through Nowshera and Peshawar before entering the Khyber Pass and reaching the border town of Torkham.
The M-1 motorway in Punjab and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is 155 km long, with 67 km in Punjab and the remaining 88 km in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It has become a vital link to Afghanistan and Central Asia and is expected to take much traffic off the highly used N5. It is part of Pakistan’s Motorway Network. M1 begins northeast of Peshawar as it moves in an eastern direction, crossing over the Kabul River. From here it passes through Charsadda, Risalpur, Swabi and Rashakai before crossing the Indus River.
The historical Grand Trunk (GT) Road also passes through Nowshera. Swat Expressway also starts nearby Nowshera and ends at near Swat.
See main article: Rashakai Special Economic Zone. After the launch of CPEC project, Rashakai village of Nowshera is now an Economic Zone of KPK.[21]
