November 22 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 498  - After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius is elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore.^[1]
• 845  - The first duke of Brittany, Nominoe, defeats the Frankish king Charles the Bald at the Battle of Ballon near Redon.^[2]
• 1307  - Pope Clement V issues the papal bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae which instructed all Christian monarchs in Europe to arrest all Templars and seize their assets.^[3]
• 1574  - Spanish navigator Juan Fernández discovers islands now known as the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile.^[4]

1601–1900

• 1635  - Dutch colonial forces on Taiwan launch a pacification campaign against native villages, resulting in Dutch control of the middle and south of the island.^[5]
• 1718  - Royal Navy Lieutenant Robert Maynard attacks and boards the vessels of the British pirate Edward Teach (best known as "Blackbeard") off the coast of North Carolina. The casualties on both sides include Maynard's first officer Mister Hyde and Teach himself.
• 1837  - Canadian journalist and politician William Lyon Mackenzie calls for a rebellion against the United Kingdom in his essay "To the People of Upper Canada", published in his newspaper The Constitution.^[6]
• 1855  - In Birmingham, England, Albert, Prince Consort lays the foundation stone of the Birmingham and Midland Institute.^[7]
• 1869  - In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper Cutty Sark is launched.^[8]
• 1873  - The French steamer SS Ville du Havre sinks in 12 minutes after colliding with the Scottish iron clipper Loch Earn in the Atlantic, with a loss of 226 lives.^[9]

1901–present

• 1908  - The Congress of Manastir establishes the Albanian alphabet.^[10]
• 1921  - During The Troubles in Northern Ireland (1920–1922), 22 Irish Nationalists are killed in Belfast in one day.^[11]
• 1935  - The China Clipper inaugurates the first commercial transpacific air service, connecting Alameda, California with Manila.^[12]
• 1940  - World War II: Following the initial Italian invasion, Greek troops counterattack into Italian-occupied Albania and capture Korytsa.^[13]
• 1942  - World War II: Battle of Stalingrad: General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German 6th Army is surrounded.^[14]
• 1943  - World War II: Cairo Conference: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chinese Premier Chiang Kai-shek meet in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss ways to defeat Japan.^[15]
• 1943  - Lebanon gains independence from France, nearly two years after it was first announced by the Free French government.^[16]
• 1952  - A Douglas C-124 Globemaster II crashes into Mount Gannet, Alaska, killing all 52 aboard.^[17]
• 1955  - The Soviet Union launches RDS-37, a 1.6 megaton two stage hydrogen bomb designed by Andrei Sakharov. The bomb was dropped over Semipalatinsk.^[18]
• 1963  - U.S. President John F. Kennedy is assassinated and Texas Governor John Connally is seriously wounded by Lee Harvey Oswald, who also kills Dallas Police officer J. D. Tippit after fleeing the scene.^[19] U.S Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in as the 36th President of the United States afterwards.^[20]
• 1963  - Five Indian generals are killed in a helicopter crash, due to collision with two parallel lines of telegraph cables.^{[21] [22] [23]}
• 1967  - UN Security Council Resolution 242 is adopted, establishing a set of the principles aimed at guiding negotiations for an Arab–Israeli peace settlement.^[24]
• 1968  - Japan Air Lines Flight 2 accidentally ditches in San Francisco Bay while on approach to San Francisco International Airport. No one is injured.^[25]
• 1971  - In Britain's worst mountaineering tragedy, the Cairngorm Plateau Disaster, five children and one of their leaders are found dead from exposure in the Scottish mountains.^[26]
• 1975  - Juan Carlos is declared King of Spain following the death of Francisco Franco.^[27]
• 1989  - NASA launches Space Shuttle Discovery on STS-33, a classified mission for the United States Department of Defense.^[28]
• 1990  - British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher withdraws from the Conservative Party leadership election, confirming the end of her Prime-Ministership.
• 1994  - A Trans World Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and Cessna 441 Conquest II aircraft collide on the runway at St. Louis Lambert International Airport in Bridgeton, Missouri, killing two people and injuring eight.^[29]
• 2003  - Baghdad DHL attempted shootdown incident: Shortly after takeoff, a DHL Express cargo plane is struck on the left wing by a surface-to-air missile and forced to land.^[30]
• 2004  - The Orange Revolution begins in Ukraine, resulting from the presidential elections.^[31]
• 2010  - During the Cambodian water festival, a stampede in Koh Pich, Phnom Penh, kills 347 people.^[32]
• 2014  - While playing with a toy gun in Cleveland, 12-year-old African American Tamir Rice is killed by a white police officer.^[33]
• 2022  - A shooting at a Walmart in Chesapeake, Virginia leaves seven workers dead, including the shooter, and four others injured.^[34]

Births

Pre-1600

• 1428  - Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, English nobleman, known as "the Kingmaker" (d. 1471)^[35]
• 1515  - Mary of Guise, Queen of Scots (d. 1560)^[36]
• 1519  - Johannes Crato von Krafftheim, German humanist and physician (d. 1585)^[37]
• 1533  - Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Italian noble (d. 1597)^{[38] [39]}
• 1564  - Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Kent (d. 1619)^[40]

1601–1900

• 1602  - Elisabeth of France (d. 1644)^[41]
• 1635  - Francis Willughby, English ornithologist and ichthyologist (d. 1672)^[42]
• 1643  - René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, French explorer (d. 1687)^[43]
• 1690  - François Colin de Blamont, French composer (d. 1760)^[44]
• 1698  - Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial, Canadian-American politician, Governor of Louisiana (d. 1778)^[45]
• 1710  - Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, German composer (d. 1784)^[46]
• 1728  - Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden (d. 1811)^[47]
• 1744  - Abigail Adams, American wife of John Adams, 2nd First Lady of the United States (d. 1818)
• 1780  - Conradin Kreutzer, German composer (d. 1849)^[48]
• 1780  - José Cecilio del Valle, Honduran journalist, lawyer, and politician, Foreign Minister of Mexico (d. 1834)^[49]
• 1787  - Rasmus Rask, Danish linguist, philologist, and scholar (d. 1832)^[50]
• 1808  - Thomas Cook, English businessman, founded Thomas Cook Group (d. 1892)^[51]
• 1819  - George Eliot, English novelist and poet (d. 1880)^[52]
• 1820  - Katherine Plunket, Irish supercentenarian (d. 1932)^[53]
• 1849  - Christian Rohlfs, German painter and printmaker (d. 1938)^[54]
• 1852  - Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant, French politician and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1924)^[55]
• 1857  - George Gissing, English novelist (d. 1903)^[56]
• 1859  - Cecil Sharp, English folk song scholar (d. 1924)^[57]
• 1861  - Ranavalona III of Madagascar (d. 1917)^[58]
• 1868  - John Nance Garner, American politician, 32nd Vice President of the United States (d. 1967)
• 1869  - André Gide, French novelist, essayist, and dramatist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)^[59]
• 1870  - Howard Brockway, American composer (d. 1951)^[60]
• 1870  - Harry Graham, Australian cricketer (d. 1911)^[61]
• 1873  - Leo Amery, Indian-English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (d. 1955)^[62]
• 1873  - Johnny Tyldesley, English cricketer (d. 1930)^[63]
• 1876  - Emil Beyer, American gymnast and triathlete (d. 1934)^[64]
• 1877  - Endre Ady, Hungarian journalist and poet (d. 1919)^[65]
• 1877  - Joan Gamper, Swiss-Spanish footballer, founded FC Barcelona (d. 1930)^[66]
• 1881  - Enver Pasha, Ottoman general and politician (d. 1922)^[67]
• 1884  - C. J. "Jack" De Garis, Australian entrepreneur (d. 1926)^[68]
• 1890  - Charles de Gaulle, French general and politician, President of France (d. 1970)
• 1890  - Harry Pollitt, British politician and trade unionist, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain (d. 1960)^[69]
• 1891  - Edward Bernays, American publicist (d. 1995)^[70]
• 1893  - Harley Earl, American industrial designer (d. 1969)^[71]
• 1893  - Lazar Kaganovich, Soviet politician (d. 1991)^[72]
• 1898  - Wiley Post, American pilot (d. 1935)
• 1899  - Hoagy Carmichael, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (d. 1981)

1901–present

• 1901  - Béla Juhos, Hungarian-Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (d. 1971)^[73]
• 1901  - Joaquín Rodrigo, Spanish pianist and composer (d. 1999)^[74]
• 1902  - Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, French general (d. 1947)^[75]
• 1902  - Emanuel Feuermann, Austrian-American cellist (d. 1942)^[76]
• 1904  - Miguel Covarrubias, Mexican painter and illustrator (d. 1957)^[77]
• 1904  - Louis Néel, French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2000)^[78]
• 1904  - Fumio Niwa, Japanese author (d. 2005)^[79]
• 1906  - Jørgen Juve, Norwegian football player and journalist (d. 1983)^[80]
• 1910  - Mary Jackson, American actress (d. 2005)^[81]
• 1911  - Ralph Guldahl, American golfer (d. 1987)^[82]
• 1912  - Doris Duke, American heiress and philanthropist (d. 1993)^[83]
• 1913  - Benjamin Britten, English pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1976)
• 1913  - Gardnar Mulloy, American tennis player (d. 2016)^[84]
• 1914  - Peter Townsend, British captain and pilot (d. 1995)^[85]
• 1915  - Oswald Morris, British cinematographer (d. 2014)^[86]
• 1917  - Jon Cleary, Australian author and playwright (d. 2010)^[87]
• 1917  - Andrew Huxley, English physiologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)^[88]
• 1917  - Mick Shann, Australian diplomat (d. 1988)^[89]
• 1918  - Claiborne Pell, American politician (d. 2009)^[90]
• 1919  - Máire Drumm, Irish politician (d. 1976)^[91]
• 1920  - Anne Crawford, British actress (d. 1956)^[92]
• 1920  - Baidyanath Misra, Indian economist (d. 2019)^[93]
• 1921  - Brian Cleeve, Irish writer and broadcaster (d. 2003)^[94]
• 1921  - Rodney Dangerfield, American comedian, actor, rapper, and screenwriter (d. 2004)^[95]
• 1922  - Eugene Stoner, American engineer and weapons designer, designed the AR-15 rifle (d. 1997)^[96]
• 1923  - Arthur Hiller, Canadian-American director (d. 2016)^[97]
• 1923  - Dika Newlin, American composer and singer (d. 2006)^[98]
• 1924  - Les Johnson, Australian politician (d. 2015)^[99]
• 1924  - Geraldine Page, American actress and singer (d. 1987)
• 1925  - Jerrie Mock, American pilot (d. 2014)^[100]
• 1925  - Gunther Schuller, American horn player, composer, and conductor (d. 2015)^[101]
• 1926  - Lew Burdette, American baseball player and coach (d. 2007)^[102]
• 1927  - Steven Muller, American academic administrator (d. 2013)^[103]
• 1928  - Tim Beaumont, English priest and politician (d. 2008)^[104]
• 1928  - Mel Hutchins, American basketball player (d. 2018)^[105]
• 1929  - Staughton Lynd, American lawyer, historian, author, and activist (d. 2022)^[106]
• 1930  - Peter Hall, English director (d. 2017)^[107]
• 1930  - Peter Hurford, English organist and composer (d. 2019)^[108]
• 1932  - Robert Vaughn, American actor and director (d. 2016)
• 1933  - Merv Lincoln, Australian Olympic athlete (d. 2016)^[109]
• 1934  - Rita Sakellariou, Greek singer (d. 1999)^[110]
• 1935  - Ludmila Belousova, Soviet ice skater (d. 2017)^[111]
• 1936  - John Bird, English actor, writer and satirist (d. 2022)^[112]
• 1937  - Zenon Jankowski, Polish pilot and military officer^[113]
• 1937  - Nikolai Kapustin, Soviet pianist and composer (d. 2020)^[114]
• 1938  - John Eleuthère du Pont, American convicted murderer (d. 2010)^[115]
• 1939  - Tom West, American technologist (d. 2011)^[116]
• 1939  - Mulayam Singh Yadav, Indian politician, Indian Minister of Defence (d. 2022)^[117]
• 1940  - Terry Gilliam, American-English actor, director, animator, and screenwriter^[118]
• 1940  - Roy Thomas, American author^[119]
• 1940  - Andrzej Żuławski, Polish director and screenwriter (d. 2016)^[120]
• 1941  - Tom Conti, Scottish actor and director
• 1941  - Jacques Laperrière, Canadian ice hockey player and coach^[121]
• 1941  - Jesse Colin Young, American singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1942  - Guion Bluford, American astronaut
• 1942  - Floyd Sneed, Canadian drummer (d. 2023)^[122]
• 1943  - Yvan Cournoyer, Canadian ice hockey player^[123]
• 1943  - Billie Jean King, American tennis player
• 1943  - Mushtaq Mohammad, Pakistani cricketer^[124]
• 1945  - Kari Tapio, Finnish singer (d. 2010)^[125]
• 1947  - Sandy Alderson, American baseball executive^[126]
• 1947  - Rod Price, English guitarist and songwriter (d. 2005)^[127]
• 1947  - Nevio Scala, Italian footballer and manager^[128]
• 1947  - Salt Walther, American race car driver (d. 2012)^[129]
• 1947  - Valerie Wilson Wesley, American journalist and author^[130]
• 1948  - Radomir Antić, Serbian footballer and manager (d. 2020)^[131]
• 1948  - Saroj Khan, Indian dance choreographer, known as "The Mother of Dance/Choreography in India" (d. 2020)^[132]
• 1948  - Mick Rock, English photographer (d. 2021)
• 1949  - Richard Carmona, American physician and politician, Surgeon General of the United States^[133]
• 1950  - Lyman Bostock, American baseball player (d. 1978)^[134]
• 1950  - Jim Jefferies, Scottish footballer and manager^[135]
• 1950  - Steven Van Zandt, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor
• 1950  - Tina Weymouth, American singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1951  - Kent Nagano, American conductor^[136]
• 1953  - Wayne Larkins, English cricketer^[137]
• 1954  - Denise Epoté, Cameroonian journalist at the head of the Africa management of TV5 Monde^[138]
• 1954  - Paolo Gentiloni, Italian politician, Prime Minister of Italy^[139]
• 1954  - Carol Tomcala, Australian sports shooter^[140]
• 1955  - George Alagiah, British journalist (d. 2023)^[141]
• 1955  - James Edwards, American basketball player^[142]
• 1956  - Lawrence Gowan, Scottish-Canadian singer-songwriter and keyboard player
• 1956  - Richard Kind, American actor^[143]
• 1957  - Donny Deutsch, American businessman and television host^[144]
• 1957  - Alan Stern, American engineer and planetary scientist^[145]
• 1958  - Jamie Lee Curtis, American actress
• 1958  - Lee Guetterman, American baseball player^[146]
• 1958  - Ibrahim Ismail of Johor, Sultan of Johor and the 17th and current Yang Di Pertuan Agong or the King of Malaysia^[147]
• 1958  - Jason Ringenberg, American singer-songwriter and guitarist^[148]
• 1959  - Frank McAvennie, Scottish footballer^[149]
• 1959  - Fabio Parra, Colombian cyclist^[150]
• 1960  - Leos Carax, French actor, director, and screenwriter^[151]
• 1961  - Mariel Hemingway, American actress
• 1961  - Stephen Hough, English-Australian pianist and composer^[152]
• 1962  - Sumi Jo, South Korean soprano^[153]
• 1962  - Victor Pelevin, Russian author^[154]
• 1963  - Hugh Millen, American football player^[155]
• 1963  - Tony Mowbray, English footballer and manager^[156]
• 1963  - Kennedy Polamalu, Samoan-American football player and coach^[157]
• 1963  - Brian Robbins, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1964  - Apetor, Norwegian YouTuber (d. 2021)^[158]
• 1964  - Benoit Benjamin, American basketball player^[159]
• 1964  - Stephen Geoffreys, American actor
• 1964  - Robbie Slater, English-Australian footballer and sportscaster^[160]
• 1965  - Valeriya Gansvind, Estonian chess player^[161]
• 1965  - Olga Kisseleva, Russian artist^[162]
• 1965  - Mads Mikkelsen, Danish actor
• 1966  - Mark Pritchard, English politician^[163]
• 1966  - Nicholas Rowe, British actor
• 1966  - Michael K. Williams, American actor (d. 2021)
• 1967  - Boris Becker, German tennis player
• 1967  - Tom Elliott, Australian investment banker^[164]
• 1967  - Mark Ruffalo, American actor
• 1967  - Bart Veldkamp, Dutch-Belgian speed skater and coach^[165]
• 1968  - Daedra Charles, American basketball player and coach (d. 2018)^[166]
• 1968  - Sidse Babett Knudsen, Danish actress
• 1969  - Byron Houston, American basketball player^[167]
• 1969  - Marjane Satrapi, Iranian author and illustrator^[168]
• 1970  - Marvan Atapattu, Sri Lankan cricketer^[169]
• 1970  - Chris Fryar, American drummer
• 1970  - Stel Pavlou, English author and screenwriter^[170]
• 1971  - Cath Bishop, English rower^[171]
• 1971  - Kyran Bracken, Irish-English rugby player^[172]
• 1972  - Olivier Brouzet, French rugby player^[173]
• 1972  - Russell Hoult, English footballer^[174]
• 1972  - Jay Payton, American baseball player^[175]
• 1973  - Andrew Walker, Australian rugby player^[176]
• 1974  - Joe Nathan, American baseball player^[177]
• 1974  - David Pelletier, Canadian figure skater and coach^[178]
• 1976  - Adrian Bakalli, Belgian footballer^[179]
• 1976  - Torsten Frings, German footballer and coach^[180]
• 1976  - Regina Halmich, German boxer^[181]
• 1976  - Ville Valo, Finnish singer-songwriter^[182]
• 1977  - Kerem Gönlüm, Turkish basketball player^[183]
• 1978  - Colin Best, Australian rugby league player^[184]
• 1979  - Christian Terlizzi, Italian footballer^[185]
• 1980  - David Artell, English footballer and coach^[186]
• 1980  - Shawn Fanning, American computer programmer and businessman, founded Napster^[187]
• 1980  - Yaroslav Rybakov, Russian high jumper^[188]
• 1981  - Pape Sow, Senegalese basketball player^[189]
• 1982  - Xavier Doherty, Australian cricketer^[190]
• 1982  - Derrick Johnson, American football player^[191]
• 1982  - Yakubu, Nigerian footballer^[192]
• 1983  - Tyler Hilton, American actor and singer-songwriter
• 1983  - Peter Ramage, English footballer^[193]
• 1984  - Scarlett Johansson, American actress^[194]
• 1985  - Asamoah Gyan, Ghanaian footballer^[195]
• 1985  - Dieumerci Mbokani, Congolese footballer^[196]
• 1985  - Mandy Minella, Luxembourgian tennis player^[197]
• 1985  - Adam Ottavino, American baseball player^[198]
• 1985  - James Roby, English rugby league player^[199]
• 1986  - Oscar Pistorius, South African sprinter and convicted murderer^[200]
• 1987  - Martti Aljand, Estonian swimmer^[201]
• 1987  - Elias, American wrestler^[202]
• 1988  - Jamie Campbell Bower, English actor, singer, and model
• 1988  - Drew Pomeranz, American baseball player^[203]
• 1988  - Austin Romine, American baseball player^[204]
• 1989  - Alden Ehrenreich, American actor
• 1989  - Candice Glover, American singer
• 1989  - Chris Smalling, English footballer^[205]
• 1989  - Gabriel Torje, Romanian footballer^[206]
• 1990  - Brock Osweiler, American football player^[207]
• 1991  - Tarik Black, American basketball player^[208]
• 1992  - Natalie Achonwa, Canadian basketball player^[209]
• 1992  - Carles Gil, Spanish footballer^[210]
• 1992  - Vladislav Namestnikov, Russian ice hockey player^[211]
• 1994  - Samantha Bricio, Mexican volleyball player^[212]
• 1994  - Dacre Montgomery, Australian actor^[213]
• 1994  - Nicolás Stefanelli, Argentine footballer^[214]
• 1994  - Keiji Tanaka, Japanese figure skater^[215]
• 1995  - Katherine McNamara, American actress
• 1996  - Hailey Bieber, American model^[216]
• 1996  - Mackenzie Lintz, American actress
• 1996  - JuJu Smith-Schuster, American football player^[217]
• 2000  - Auliʻi Cravalho, American actress and singer^[218]
• 2002  - Brandon Miller, American basketball player^[219]
• 2002  - Owen Power, Canadian ice hockey player^[220]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 365  - Antipope Felix II^[221]
• 950  - Lothair II of Italy (b. 926)^[222]
• 1249  - As-Salih Ayyub, ruler of Egypt^[223]
• 1286  - Eric V of Denmark (b. 1249)^[224]
• 1318  - Mikhail of Tver (b. 1271)^{[225] [226]}
• 1538  - John Lambert, English Protestant martyr^[227]

1601–1900

• 1617  - Ahmed I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam (b. 1590)^[228]
• 1694  - John Tillotson, English archbishop (b. 1630)^[229]
• 1697  - Libéral Bruant, French architect and academic, designed Les Invalides (b. c.1635)^[230]
• 1718  - Blackbeard, English pirate (b. 1680)^[231]
• 1758  - Richard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron Edgcumbe, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall (b. 1680)^[232]
• 1774  - Robert Clive, English general, politician and first British governor of Bengal (b. 1725)^[233]
• 1813  - Johann Christian Reil, German physician, physiologist, and anatomist (b. 1759)^[234]
• 1819  - John Stackhouse, English botanist (b. 1742)^[235]
• 1871  - Oscar James Dunn, African American activist and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana 1868-1871 (b. 1826)^[236]
• 1875  - Henry Wilson, American politician, 18th Vice President of the United States (b. 1812)^[237]
• 1886  - Mary Boykin Chesnut, American author (b. 1823)^[238]
• 1896  - George Washington Gale Ferris Jr., American engineer, invented the Ferris wheel (b. 1859)^[239]
• 1900  - Arthur Sullivan, English composer (b. 1842)^[240]

1901–present

• 1902  - Walter Reed, American physician and entomologist (b. 1851)^[241]
• 1913  - Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1837)^[242]
• 1916  - Jack London, American novelist and journalist (b. 1876)^[243]
• 1919  - Francisco Moreno, Argentinian explorer and academic (b. 1852)^[244]
• 1921  - Edward J. Adams, American serial/spree killer and bank robber (b.1887)^[245]
• 1923  - Andy O'Sullivan (Irish republican) died on Hunger Strike^[246]
• 1941  - Werner Mölders, German colonel and pilot (b. 1913)^[247]
• 1943  - Lorenz Hart, American composer (b. 1895)^[248]
• 1944  - Arthur Eddington, English astrophysicist and astronomer (b. 1882)^[249]
• 1946  - Otto Georg Thierack, German jurist and politician, German Minister of Justice (b. 1889)^[250]
• 1955  - Shemp Howard, American actor and comedian (b. 1895)^[251]
• 1956  - Theodore Kosloff, Russian-American actor, ballet dancer, and choreographer (b. 1882)^[252]
• 1963  - Aldous Huxley, English novelist and philosopher (b. 1894)^[253]
• 1963  - John F. Kennedy, American politician, 35th President of the United States (b. 1917)^[254]
• 1963  - C. S. Lewis, British writer, literary scholar, and Anglican lay theologian (b. 1898)^[255]
• 1963  - J. D. Tippit, American police officer (b. 1924)^[256]
• 1980  - Jules Léger, Canadian journalist and politician, Governor General of Canada (b. 1913)^[257]
• 1980  - Norah McGuinness, Irish painter and illustrator (b. 1901)^[258]
• 1980  - Mae West, American stage and film actress (b. 1893)^[259]
• 1981  - Hans Adolf Krebs, German-English physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)^[260]
• 1986  - Scatman Crothers, American actor and comedian (b. 1910)^[261]
• 1988  - Luis Barragán, Mexican architect and engineer (b. 1902)^[262]
• 1989  - René Moawad, Lebanese lawyer and politician, 13th President of Lebanon (b. 1925)^[263]
• 1992  - Sterling Holloway, American actor (b. 1905)^[264]
• 1993  - Anthony Burgess, English novelist, playwright, and critic (b. 1917)^[265]
• 1996  - Terence Donovan, English photographer and director (b. 1936)^[266]
• 1997  - Michael Hutchence, Australian singer-songwriter (b. 1960)^[267]
• 1998  - Stu Ungar, American poker player (b. 1953)^[268]
• 2000  - Christian Marquand, French actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1927)^[269]
• 2001  - Mary Kay Ash, American businesswoman, founded Mary Kay, Inc. (b. 1918)^[270]
• 2001  - Theo Barker, English historian and academic (b. 1923)^[271]
• 2001  - Norman Granz, American record producer, founded Verve Records (b. 1918)^[272]
• 2002  - Parley Baer, American actor (b. 1914)^[273]
• 2005  - Bruce Hobbs, American jockey and trainer (b. 1920)^[274]
• 2006  - Asima Chatterjee, Indian chemist (b. 1917)^[275]
• 2006  - Pat Dobson, American baseball player and coach (b. 1942)^[276]
• 2007  - Maurice Béjart, French-Swiss dancer, choreographer, and director (b. 1927)^[277]
• 2007  - Verity Lambert, English television producer (b. 1935)^[278]
• 2010  - Jean Cione, American baseball player (b. 1928)^[279]
• 2010  - Frank Fenner, Australian virologist and microbiologist (b. 1914)^[280]
• 2011  - Svetlana Alliluyeva, Russian-American author (b. 1926)^[281]
• 2011  - Sena Jurinac, Bosnian-Austrian soprano (b. 1921)^[282]
• 2011  - Lynn Margulis, American biologist and academic (b. 1938)^[283]
• 2011  - Paul Motian, American drummer and composer (b. 1931)^[284]
• 2012  - Bryce Courtenay, South African-Australian author (b. 1933)^[285]
• 2013  - Tom Gilmartin, Irish businessman (b. 1935)^[286]
• 2013  - Georges Lautner, French director and screenwriter (b. 1926)^[287]
• 2013  - Alec Reid, Irish priest and activist (b. 1931)^[288]
• 2015  - Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1949)^[289]
• 2015  - Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1948)^[290]
• 2015  - Kim Young-sam, South Korean soldier and politician, President of South Korea (b. 1927)^[291]
• 2016  - M. Balamuralikrishna, Indian vocalist and singer (b. 1930)^[292]
• 2017  - Bob Avakian, American music producer (b. 1919)^[293]
• 2017  - Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Russian operatic baritone (b. 1962)^[294]
• 2017  - Tommy Keene, American singer-songwriter (b. 1958)^[295]
• 2020  - Otto Hutter, Austrian-born British physiologist (b. 1924)^[296]
• 2022  - John Y. Brown Jr., American soldier, lawyer, and politician, Governor of Kentucky (b. 1933)^[297]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Cecilia
  • Philemon and Apphia^[298]
  • Pragmatius of Autun^[299]
  • November 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Day of the Albanian Alphabet (Albania and ethnic Albanians)^[300]
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Lebanon from France in 1943.

Notes

• Book: Wilson . Scott . Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed. . 5 September 2016 . McFarland . 978-0-7864-7992-4 . en.

External links

• Web site: On This Day . BBC.
  • Web site: Historical Events on November 22 . OnThisDay.com.

Notes and References

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2. Book: Riche . Pierre . The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe . 1993 . University of Pennsylvania Press . 978-0-8122-1342-3 . 195 . en.
3. Book: Barber . Malcolm . The Trial of the Templars . 1993 . Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-45727-9 . 73 . registration . en.
4. Book: Stuessy . Tod F. . Crawford . Daniel J. . López-Sepúlveda . Patricio . Baeza . Carlos M. . Ruiz . Eduardo A. . Plants of Oceanic Islands: Evolution, Biogeography, and Conservation of the Flora of the Juan Fernández (Robinson Crusoe) Archipelago . 2017 . Cambridge University Press . 978-1-316-85296-5 . 5 . en.
5. Book: Junius, R. . Robertus Junius to the Directors of the Amsterdam Chamber of Commerce of the East India Company . Formosa under the Dutch: Described from Contemporary Records . William Campbell (missionary) . Campbell . William . 1903 . 1636 . Kegan Paul . London . 644323041 . 117. 9789576380839 .
6. Book: Champlain Society. Ontario Heritage Foundation. Rebellion of 1837 in Upper Canada. 1985. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. 978-0-88629-026-9. 104.
7. Web site: Prince Albert's Official Papers . 22 November 1855. Royal Collection Trust. 3 August 2022.
8. Web site: Cutty Sark - 149 years of history. 20 November 2018. Royal Museums Greenwich. 28 October 2020.
9. Book: Flayhart, William H.. Disaster at Sea: Shipwrecks, Storms, and Collisions on the Atlantic. New York. W.W. Norton & Co.. 2003. 9780393326512. 63–68.
10. Book: Skendi, Stavro. Albanian National Awakening. Princeton, N.J.. Princeton University Press. 2016. 9780691650029. 370–373.
11. Moore, Cormac, (2019), Birth of the Border, Merrion Press, Newbridge, pg 49, ISBN 978-1-78537-293-3
12. News: Nolte. Carl. China Clipper's flight made history 75 years ago. San Francisco Chronicle. November 22, 2010. November 22, 2022.
13. Book: Pantelurēs, Euagoras M.. Greece: An Introduction. Glasgow, Scotland. Blueacre Books. 1980. 9780950681412. 73–74.
14. Book: Kerr, Walter B.. The Secret of Stalingrad. Garden City, N.Y.. Doubleday. 1978. 9780385134590. 231–232.
15. Book: Heiferman, Ronald. The Cairo Conference of 1943: Roosevelt, Churchill, Chiang Kai-shek, and Madame Chiang. Jefferson, N.C.. McFarland. 2011. 9780786448043. 60–64.
16. Book: Salamey, Imad. The Government and Politics of Lebanon. New York. Routledge. 2014. 9780415636872. 29.
17. News: Nelson . Laura J. . June 28, 2012 . After 60 years, Alaska glacier gives up wreckage from 1952 crash . June 19, 2014 . Los Angeles Times.
18. Web site: Soviets explode atomic bomb. 2021-11-04. HISTORY. en.
19. Web site: Lee Harvey Oswald Biography, Facts, Wife, & Death Britannica . www.britannica.com . 24 May 2023 . en.
20. Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Biography, Presidency, Civil Rights, Vietnam War, & Facts Britannica . www.britannica.com . 24 May 2023 . en . 31 March 2023.
21. News: 5 Indian Generals die in air crash; Their Copter in Kashmir Is Said to Have Hit Wire . November 23, 1963 . April 2, 2022. The New York Times.
22. News: Indian army remembers 1963 Poonch crash victims . November 22, 2013 . April 2, 2022.
23. News: Coonoor IAF Helicopter Crash: A Grim Reminder on High-Profile Military Air Mishaps . December 9, 2021 . April 2, 2022.
24. Web site: United Nations Resolution 242 Definition & Facts Britannica . www.britannica.com . 9 July 2023 . en.
25. Aircraft Accident Report: Japan Airlines Co., Ltd.; DC-8-62, JA 8032; San Francisco Bay; San Francisco, California . December 31, 1969 . National Transportation Safety Board . 11 April 2022.
26. Book: Baker, Patrick. The Cairngorms: A Secret History. Edinburgh. Birlinn Ltd.. 2014. 9781780271880. 41. none.

    News: Walk to Death. The Nottingham Guardian Journal. 23 November 1971. 1. none. ; News: Mountain of Death Banned to Children. The Evening Standard. 23 November 1971. 3.

27. Web site: Nelsson . Richard . Archive, 1975: Juan Carlos takes over power from dying Franco . The Guardian . 24 May 2023 . 21 October 2020.
28. News: Cassutt, Michael . August 2009 . Secret Space Shuttles . April 19, 2015 . Air & Space magazine.
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32. News: 25 November 2010 . Government decreases death toll in Cambodian stampede . 25 November 2010 . CNN.
33. News: Fitzsimmons . Emma . November 23, 2014 . 12-Year-Old Boy Dies After Police in Cleveland Shoot Him . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210210084549/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/24/us/boy-12-dies-after-being-shot-by-cleveland-police-officer.html . February 10, 2021 . November 25, 2014 . The New York Times.
34. News: 6 victims shot and killed in a Virginia Walmart include a 16-year-old boy. CNN. 22 November 2022.
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38. Book: Young . M. . "The" Life and Times of Aonio Paleario Or a History of the Italian Reformers in the 16. Century: Illustrated by Original Letters and Unedited Documents . 1860 . Bell and Daldy . 77 . en.
39. Web site: Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara . www.britishmuseum.org . 27 August 2023.
40. Web site: BROOKE, alias COBHAM, Henry II (1564-1619), of Cobham Hall, Kent. History of Parliament Online . www.historyofparliamentonline.org . 27 August 2023.
41. Web site: Elisabeth of France Italian Masterpieces . www.ngv.vic.gov.au . 28 May 2023.
42. Book: Desmond . Ray . Dictionary Of British And Irish Botanists And Horticulturists Including plant collectors, flower painters and garden designers . 25 February 1994 . CRC Press . 978-0-85066-843-8 . 745 . en.
43. Web site: Rene-Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle Biography, Discover, Expedition, Route, Death, & Facts Britannica . www.britannica.com . 27 August 2023 . en.
44. Book: Swain . Joseph P. . Historical Dictionary of Baroque Music . 8 May 2023 . Rowman & Littlefield . 978-1-5381-5162-4 . en.
45. Web site: Pierre de Rigaud de Vaudreuil de Cavagnial . www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca . 9 September 2023 . en.
46. Web site: Wilhelm Friedemann Bach German composer Britannica . www.britannica.com . 9 July 2023 . en . 27 June 2023.
47. Web site: Charles Frederick German Monarch, Reformer, Statesman Britannica . www.britannica.com . 17 September 2023 . en.
48. Book: Carew . Derek . The Companion to The Mechanical Muse: The Piano, Pianism and Piano Music, c.1760–1850 . 2016 . Routledge . 978-1-317-03765-1 . 286 . en.
49. Book: Union . Pan American . Bulletin of the Pan American Union . 1935 . The Union . 39–45 . en.
50. Web site: Rasmus Rask Danish Linguist, Philologist & Grammarian Britannica . www.britannica.com . 17 September 2023 . en.
51. Web site: Thomas Cook British businessman . Encyclopedia Britannica . 20 April 2020 . en.
52. Book: Hughes, Kathryn. George Eliot's Life. Harris. Margaret. George Eliot in Context. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 2015. 3. 978-1-10752-742-3.
53. Book: Ebony . October 1962 . Johnson Publishing Company . 115 . en.
54. Web site: Christian Rohlfs Expressionist, Painter, Printmaker Britannica . www.britannica.com . 29 September 2023 . en.
55. Web site: The Nobel Peace Prize 1909 . NobelPrize.org . 29 September 2023.
56. Web site: George Gissing Victorian era, Social Critic, Realism Britannica . www.britannica.com . 29 September 2023 . en.
57. Book: Brocken . Michael . The British Folk Revival 1944-2002 . 12 July 2017 . Routledge . 978-1-351-77520-5 . 14 . en.
58. Book: Venning . Timothy . A Compendium of World Sovereigns: Volume III Early Modern . 30 June 2023 . Taylor & Francis . 978-1-000-86452-6 . 54 . en.
59. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1947 . NobelPrize.org . 29 September 2023.
60. Book: Butterworth . Neil . Dictionary of American Classical Composers . 2 October 2013 . Routledge . 978-1-136-79024-9 . 60 . en.
61. Web site: Harry Graham Profile - Cricket Player Australia Stats, Records, Video . ESPNcricinfo . 29 September 2023 . en.
62. Web site: L.S. Amery British statesman, Conservative, WWI Britannica . www.britannica.com . 29 September 2023 . en . 12 September 2023.
63. Web site: Johnny Tyldesley Profile - Cricket Player England Stats, Records, Video . ESPNcricinfo . 29 September 2023 . en.
64. Web site: Olympedia – Emil Beyer . www.olympedia.org . 1 October 2023.
65. Web site: Endre Ady Hungarian Poet & Symbolist Writer Britannica . www.britannica.com . 1 October 2023 . en.
66. Book: Sigalingging . Dika Prasetyo Wibisono & Hendra . El Barca the Untold Stories: Sejarah FC Barcelona dari Masa ke Masa . 1 January 2018 . Media Pressindo . 978-602-5752-38-4 . 77–82 . id.
67. Web site: Enver Pasha . nzhistory.govt.nz . 1 October 2023 . en.
68. McCalman . Janet . Clement John (Jack) De Garis (1884–1926) . de-garis-clement-john-jack-5941 . 1 October 2023 . en.
69. Web site: Harry Pollitt British politician Britannica . www.britannica.com . 18 November 2023 . 23 November 2023 . en.
70. Web site: Edward Bernays American publicist Britannica . www.britannica.com . 24 May 2023 . en.
71. Web site: Harley Jefferson Earl American industrial designer Britannica . www.britannica.com . 24 May 2023 . en . 6 April 2023.
72. Web site: Lazar Moiseyevich Kaganovich Stalinist, Politburo, Commissar Britannica . www.britannica.com . 9 September 2023 . en . 21 July 2023.
73. Book: Juhos . B. . Selected Papers on Epistemology and Physics . 6 December 2012 . Springer Science & Business Media . 978-94-010-1488-5 . 14 . en.
74. Web site: Joaquín Rodrigo Classical Music, Guitarist, Composer Britannica . www.britannica.com . 7 October 2023 . en.
75. Web site: Jacques-Philippe Leclerc French General & WWII Hero, Liberator of Paris Britannica . www.britannica.com . 7 October 2023 . en.
76. Book: Randel . Don Michael . The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians . 30 October 2002 . Harvard University Press . 978-0-674-25572-2 . 227 . en.
77. Web site: Covarrubias, Miguel, 1904-1957 - Full record view - Libraries Australia Search . librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au . 1 October 2023.
78. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970 . NobelPrize.org . 22 November 2021.
79. Web site: Fumio Niwa . The Independent . 1 October 2023 . en . 27 April 2005.
80. Web site: Olympedia – Jørgen Juve . www.olympedia.org . 7 October 2023.
81. Web site: Mary Jackson . The Independent . 7 October 2023 . en . 17 December 2005.
82. Web site: Guldahl, Ralph (1911-1987), professional golfer . American National Biography . 2000 . 24 May 2023 . en . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1900352 . Wilson . James A. .
83. Web site: Obituary: Doris Duke . The Independent . 7 October 2023 . en . 10 November 1993.
84. Web site: International Tennis Hall of Fame . www.tennisfame.com . 18 November 2023.
85. Web site: Obituary: Gp Capt Peter Townsend . The Independent . 19 November 2023 . en . 20 June 1995.
86. Web site: Obituary: Oswald Morris OBE, cinematographer . Scotsman . 19 November 2023.
87. Web site: Jon Stephen Cleary - Obituaries Australia . oa.anu.edu.au . 19 November 2023.
88. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963 . NobelPrize.org . 19 November 2023.
89. Edwards . Peter . Sir Keith Charles Owen ('Mick') Shann (1917–1988) . shann-sir-keith-charles-owen-mick-15516 . 21 November 2023 . en.
90. Web site: Honan . William H. . Claiborne Pell, Patrician Senator Behind College Grant Program, Dies at 90 . The New York Times . 21 November 2023 . 2 January 2009.
91. Web site: Drumm, Máire Dictionary of Irish Biography . www.dib.ie . 21 November 2023 . en.
92. Wilson 2016, p. 165
93. https://ncds.nic.in/?q=node/507 Centenary in honour of Professor Baidyanath Misra (22.Nov.2020) | Nabakrushna Choudhury Centre for Development Studies
94. Web site: Cleeve, Brian Talbot Dictionary of Irish Biography . www.dib.ie . 21 November 2023 . en.
95. Web site: Famous birthdays for Nov. 22: Mads Mikkelsen, Mark Ruffalo . . 20 November 2023 . 22 November 2022.
96. Web site: Obituary: Eugene Stoner . The Independent . 21 November 2023 . en . 29 May 1997.
97. Web site: Arthur Hiller Biography, Movies, & Facts Britannica . www.britannica.com . 21 November 2023 . en . 18 November 2023.
98. Book: McVicker . Mary F. . Women Opera Composers: Biographies from the 1500s to the 21st Century . 9 August 2016 . McFarland . 978-0-7864-9513-9 . 147 . en.
99. Hawkins . John . Leslie Royston (Les) Johnson (1924–2015) . johnson-leslie-royston-les-28223 . 21 November 2023 . en.
100. Web site: Fountain . Nigel . Jerrie Mock obituary . The Guardian . 21 November 2023 . 7 October 2014.
101. Web site: Johnson . Bret . Gunther Schuller obituary . The Guardian . 21 November 2023 . 30 June 2015.
102. Web site: Lew Burdette . Society for American Baseball Research . 21 November 2023.
103. News: Langer . Emily . Steven Muller, former president of Johns Hopkins University, dies at 85 . Washington Post . 21 November 2023 . 18 May 2023.
104. Web site: Lord Beaumont of Whitley: Millionaire priest and publisher who became . The Independent . 21 November 2023 . en . 10 April 2008.
105. Web site: Mel Hutchins . . 20 November 2023.
106. Web site: Risen . Clay . November 18, 2022 . Staughton Lynd, Historian and Activist Turned Labor Lawyer, Dies at 92 . New York Times.
107. Web site: Peter Hall remembered by David Hare . The Guardian . 21 November 2023 . 17 December 2017.
108. Web site: Millington . Barry . Peter Hurford obituary . The Guardian . 21 November 2023 . 13 March 2019.
109. Web site: Obituary: Merv Lincoln, athlete . Scotsman . 21 November 2023.
110. Web site: Smith . Helena . Rita Sakellariou . The Guardian . 21 November 2023 . 16 August 1999.
111. Web site: Litsky . Frank . Ludmila Belousova, Russian Who Skated With Husband to Olympic Gold, Dies at 81 . The New York Times . 21 November 2023 . 2 October 2017.
112. Web site: John Bird obituary . the Guardian . 30 December 2022 . en . 28 December 2022.
113. Book: Burgess . Colin . Interkosmos: The Eastern Bloc's Early Space Program . 2016 . Springer Praxis Books . Cham . 9783319241630 . 43.
114. Book: Daniels . David . Oertel . David W. . Rahbee . David A. . Daniels' Orchestral Music . 30 June 2022 . Rowman & Littlefield . 978-1-4422-7521-8 . 448 . en.
115. Web site: John du Pont Biography, Murder, & Facts Britannica . www.britannica.com . 21 November 2023 . en . 18 November 2023.
116. Web site: Vitello . Paul . Tom West Dies at 71; Was the Computer Engineer Incarnate . The New York Times . 9 December 2023 . 28 May 2011.
117. Web site: Mulayam Singh Yadav Biography & Facts Britannica . www.britannica.com . 21 November 2023 . en . 18 November 2023.
118. Web site: Terry Gilliam Biography, Monty Python, Movies, & Facts Britannica . www.britannica.com . 15 May 2023 . en.
119. Web site: Summary Bibliography: Roy Thomas . isfdb.org . 9 December 2023.
120. Web site: Bergan . Ronald . Andrzej Żuławski obituary . The Guardian . 9 December 2023 . 21 February 2016.
121. Web site: Jacques Laperrière at eliteprospects.com . www.eliteprospects.com . 9 December 2023 . en.
122. Web site: Calgary-born drummer gave Three Dog Night its infectious beat . The Globe and Mail . 21 November 2023 . en-CA . 10 February 2023 . 3 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230603203931/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-calgary-born-drummer-gave-three-dog-night-its-infectious-beat/ . live .
123. Web site: Yvan Cournoyer Stats and News NHL.com . www.nhl.com . 21 November 2023 . en.
124. Web site: Mushtaq Mohammad . ESPNcricinfo . 4 January 2024 . en.
125. Kotiranta, Pirkko: Ujosta pojasta kasvoi iskelmän pitkätyöläinen, Helsingin Sanomat 9 December 2010. Accessed on 16 September 2019.
126. Book: Edmonds . Ed . Houdek . Frank G. . Baseball Meets the Law: A Chronology of Decisions, Statutes and Other Legal Events . 28 February 2017 . McFarland . 978-1-4766-6438-5 . 174 . en.
127. Web site: Rod Price . Independent . 29 March 2005 . 4 January 2024.
128. Web site: Nevio Scala . www.tntsports.co.uk . 4 January 2024.
129. Wilson 2016, p. 787
130. Web site: The HistoryMakers video oral history with Valerie Wilson Wesley. . catalog.lib.msu.edu . 4 January 2024 . English . 2016.
131. Web site: RADOMIR 'RADDY' ANTIC. 22/11/1948 – 6/4/2020 . www.lutontown.co.uk . 4 January 2024 . en-gb.
132. News: Saroj Khan News Latest News of Saroj Khan Times of India Entertainment . The Times of India . 17 July 2020.
133. Web site: Pear . Robert . Man in the News; A Man of Many Professions -- Richard Henry Carmona . The New York Times . 20 February 2024 . 27 March 2002.
134. Web site: Lyman Bostock . Society for American Baseball Research . 20 February 2024.
135. Web site: Jim Jeffries . www.tntsports.co.uk . 18 November 2023.
136. Book: Thompson . Clifford . Contemporary World Musicians . 7 October 2020 . Routledge . 978-1-135-93961-8 . 1754 . en.
137. Web site: Wayne Larkins . Australian Sports Museum Collection Online . 20 February 2024 . en.
138. Web site: Journal Du Cameroun.com: Décoration: Denise Epoté élevée à la légion d'honneur en France. 2017-01-15. 2018-02-12. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20170115064446/http://www.journalducameroun.com/article.php?aid=14071. 2017-01-15.
139. Web site: Balmer . Crispian . Soft-spoken loyalist Gentiloni gets nod to replace Renzi as Italian PM . Reuters . 21 November 2023 . 11 December 2016.
140. Web site: Carol TOMCALA - Olympic Shooting Australia . International Olympic Committee . 27 February 2020 . en . 17 June 2016.
141. Web site: Douglas . Torin . George Alagiah obituary . The Guardian . 20 February 2024 . 24 July 2023.
142. Web site: James Edwards Indiana Pacers . www.nba.com . 20 February 2024 . en.
143. Web site: Rose . Mike . Today's famous birthdays list for November 22, 2022 includes celebrities Scarlett Johansson, Jamie Lee Curtis . . . 20 November 2023 . 22 November 2022.
144. Book: Rappaport . Jill . Mazel Tov: Celebrities' Bar and Bat Mitzvah Memories . 6 November 2007 . Simon and Schuster . 978-1-4165-5427-1 . 67 . en.
145. Book: Newton . David E. . Chemistry of Space . 2009 . Infobase Publishing . 978-1-4381-0973-2 . 134 . en.
146. Web site: Lee Guetterman . Society for American Baseball Research . 24 February 2024.
147. What to Know About Malaysia's Next Monarch and the Country's Rotating Monarchy . TIME . 24 February 2024 . en . 27 October 2023.
148. Book: McCall . Michael . Rumble . John . Kingsbury . Paul . The Encyclopedia of Country Music . 1 February 2012 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-992083-9 . 262 . en.
149. Web site: Frank McAvennie . www.tntsports.co.uk . 24 March 2024.
150. Web site: Olympedia – Fabio Parra . www.olympedia.org . 24 March 2024.
151. Web site: French Cinema: Profile of Director Leos Carax . France Today . 24 March 2024 . 24 August 2021.
152. Book: Benser . Caroline . At the Piano: Interviews with 21st-Century Pianists . 2012 . Scarecrow Press . 978-0-8108-8172-3 . 85 . en.
153. Book: Warrack . John . West . Ewan . The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera . 7 March 1996 . Oxford University Press, USA . 978-0-19-280028-2 . 254 . en.
154. Book: Smorodinskaya . Tatiana . Evans-Romaine . Karen . Goscilo . Helena . Encyclopedia of Contemporary Russian Culture . 28 October 2013 . Routledge . 978-1-136-78785-0 . 451 . en.
155. Web site: Hugh B. Millen - Denver Broncos Quarterback - ESPN (UK) . ESPN . 24 March 2024 . en.
156. Web site: The story of Mowbray the manager . Birmingham City Football Club . 24 March 2024 . en.
157. Web site: 5 Things to Know About New Vikings RB Coach Kennedy Polamalu . www.vikings.com . 24 March 2024.
158. Web site: Tor Eckhoff . vareminnesider.no .
159. Web site: Benoit Benjamin . . 20 November 2023.
160. Web site: ROBBIE SLATER West Ham United F.C. . www.whufc.com . 24 March 2024 . en.
161. Book: Felice . Gino Di . Chess International Titleholders, 1950-2016 . 16 January 2018 . McFarland . 978-1-4766-3361-9 . 151 . en.
162. Web site: Киселёва Ольга Игоревна - Российский Фотограф. Силина. Евгения. ruspekh.ru. ru-ru. 2019-01-29.
163. Book: Blundell . John . Remembering Margaret Thatcher: Commemorations, Tributes and Assessments . 2013 . Algora Publishing . 978-1-62894-017-6 . 98 . en.
164. Web site: Mornings with Tom Elliott . River 1467 . 24 March 2024.
165. Web site: Olympedia – Bart Veldkamp . www.olympedia.org . 24 March 2024.
166. Web site: Daedra Charles . . 20 November 2023.
167. Web site: Byron Houston Stats, News, Bio . ESPN . 20 April 2020 . en.
168. Web site: Literary Birthday – 22 November – Marjane Satrapi . Writers Write . 20 February 2024 . 21 November 2017.
169. Web site: All-round records Under-19s Youth One-Day Internationals Cricinfo Statsguru ESPNcricinfo.com . Cricinfo . 20 February 2024.
170. Web site: Summary Bibliography: Stel Pavlou . www.isfdb.org . 20 February 2024.
171. Web site: Cath Bishop - Player Profile - Rowing . Eurosport UK . 20 April 2020.
172. Web site: Kyran Bracken . www.tntsports.co.uk . 20 February 2024.
173. Web site: Olivier Brouzet Rugby Union Players and Officials . ESPN scrum . 20 April 2020.
174. Web site: Russell Hoult . www.tntsports.co.uk . 20 February 2024.
175. Web site: Jay Payton . Society for American Baseball Research . 20 February 2024.
176. Web site: Andrew Walker . www.tntsports.co.uk . 20 February 2024.
177. Web site: Joe Nathan MiLB . m.milb.com . 20 April 2020.
178. Web site: David Pelletier Biography, Olympic Medal, & Facts Britannica . www.britannica.com . 21 November 2023 . en . 18 November 2023.
179. Web site: Adrian Bakalli . www.tntsports.co.uk . 21 November 2023.
180. Web site: Torsten Frings . www.tntsports.co.uk . 21 November 2023.
181. Web site: Regina Halmich . www.ibhof.com . 21 November 2023.
182. Book: Larkin . Colin . The Encyclopedia of Popular Music . 27 May 2011 . Omnibus Press . 978-0-85712-595-8 . 1795 . en.
183. Web site: Kerem Gönlüm - Player Profile . FIBA.basketball . 21 November 2023 . en.
184. Web site: Heroes to Legends: Colin Best . National Rugby League . 21 November 2023 . en . 31 August 2012.
185. Web site: Christian Terlizzi . www.tntsports.co.uk . 21 November 2023.
186. Web site: David Artell . www.tntsports.co.uk . 21 November 2023.
187. Book: Knopper . Steve . Appetite for Self-Destruction: The Spectacular Crash of the Record Industry in the Digital Age . 6 January 2009 . Simon and Schuster . 978-1-4165-9455-0 . 121 . en.
188. Web site: Yaroslav RYBAKOV Profile World Athletics . worldathletics.org . 21 November 2023.
189. Web site: Pape Sow . www.tntsports.co.uk . 21 November 2023.
190. Web site: Xavier Doherty Profile - Cricket Player Australia Stats, Records, Video . ESPNcricinfo . 21 November 2023 . en.
191. Web site: Derrick Johnson . . 20 November 2023.
192. Web site: Ayegbeni Yakubu . www.tntsports.co.uk . 19 November 2023.
193. Web site: Peter Ramage . www.tntsports.co.uk . 7 October 2023.
194. Web site: Scarlett Johansson Biography, Films, & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 20 April 2020 . en.
195. Web site: Olympedia – Asamoah Gyan . www.olympedia.org . 7 October 2023.
196. Web site: Dieumerci Mbokani . www.tntsports.co.uk . 7 October 2023.
197. Web site: Mandy Minella - Player Profile - Tennis . Eurosport . 20 April 2020.
198. Web site: Adam Ottavino . . 20 November 2023.
199. Web site: James Roby . National Rugby League . 20 April 2020 . en.
200. Web site: Peyton . Nellie . Acharya . Bhargav . Peyton . Nellie . Acharya . Bhargav . Oscar Pistorius: from 'Blade Runner' hero to convicted murderer . Reuters . 1 October 2023 . en . 31 March 2023.
201. Web site: Olympedia – Martti Aljand . www.olympedia.org . 6 October 2023.
202. Web site: Elias . . 20 November 2023 . 13 April 2017.
203. Web site: Drew Pomeranz . . 20 November 2023.
204. Web site: Austin Romine . Society for American Baseball Research . 6 October 2023.
205. Web site: Chris Smalling . www.eurosport.com . 28 May 2023.
206. Web site: Gabriel Torje . www.tntsports.co.uk . 7 October 2023.
207. Web site: Brock Osweiler Stats. Pro-Football-Reference.com. Nov 25, 2020.
208. Web site: Tarik Black Los Angeles Lakers . www.nba.com . 1 October 2023 . en.
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