November 1913 Explained
The following events occurred in November 1913:
November 1, 1913 (Saturday)
- The Count of Monte Cristo, at one hour and nine minutes long the first feature film in the United States (at a time when most films ran for one or two reels for a few minutes) premiered.[1] [2] [3]
- The National Conservation Exposition officially closed in Knoxville, Tennessee. Over a million visitors attended the exposition which explored conservation activities throughout the Southern United States.[4] [5]
- Municipal elections were held for the Liverpool City Council, with the Conservative Party retaining the most seats. It was the last local election held before the outbreak of World War I the following year.[6]
- American steamship was launched by Newport News Shipbuilding in Newport News, Virginia to serve the Matson Line between San Francisco and Hawaii.[7]
- The Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team upset the Army Cadets, 35–13, by using the forward pass. Although the pass had been legal since 1906, it had seldom been used in a major college football game. Gus Dorais completed 12 of 14 attempts, most of them to future Notre Dame coach Knute Rockne for long gains (one of which went for a touchdown). The game demonstrated the forward pass's strategic advantage for smaller teams against larger ones.[8] [9]
- The Honam rail line was extended to Gwangju, Korea with stations Gwangju Songjeong and Naju service the line.[10]
- The musical comedy Are You There? by composer Ruggero Leoncavallo premiered at the Prince of Wales Theatre in London, but the audience response was so hostile it nearly resulted in a riot. The show closed in 23 days due to poor reviews and ticket sales.[11]
- The association football club União was established in Funchal, Portugal, and remains one of the oldest running clubs in the country.[12]
- Born: Andrzej Mostowski, Polish mathematician, developed the set theory Mostowski collapse lemma; in Lemberg, Austria-Hungary (d. 1975)
November 2, 1913 (Sunday)
- Prince Ernest Augustus married Princess Victoria Louise, allowing them to become the Duke and Duchess of Brunswick as well as healing a rift between the royal houses of Hohenzollern and Hanover. The wedding was also the last gathering of European monarchs before the outbreak of World War I.[13]
- King Rama decreed the establishment of a flying corps for Siam.
- St. Louis Browns manager George Stovall signed on with the Kansas City Packers as first baseman and manager, the first Major League Baseball player to jump to the Federal League.[14]
- The daily Morning Paper began publication in Reykjavík.
- Born: Burt Lancaster, American actor, known for roles in From Here to Eternity, Sweet Smell of Success, and Birdman of Alcatraz, recipient of the Academy Award for Best Actor for Elmer Gantry, in New York City (d. 1994); Carmen Amaya, Spanish dancer, promoter of the flamenco dance, in Barcelona, (d. 1963)
- Born:
November 3, 1913 (Monday)
November 4, 1913 (Tuesday)
November 5, 1913 (Wednesday)
- Otto of Bavaria, known popularly as "Mad King Otto", was deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumed the title Ludwig III, the last reigning King of Bavaria.[25]
- The Los Angeles Aqueduct was dedicated near what is now Sylmar, California, before over 43,000 spectators, 25,000 of whom traveled by automobile to the site where waters of the Owens River flowed downhill from the Owens Valley. Chief engineer William Mulholland shouted, "There it is. Take it!" With an available source of water for its growing population, Los Angeles (and its suburbs) would become a major American metropolis, while the rural population in the Owens Valley would suffer from water shortages.[26] [27]
- A declaration between the Russian Empire and China recognized Mongolia as part of China but with internal autonomy. However, the declaration was not considered legitimate by Mongolia, since its government had not participated in the decision.[28]
- China's President Yuan Shikai dissolved the Kuomintang, the largest political party in the National Assembly, with nearly 300 deputies having to resign.[29]
- Federal troops repelled Pancho Villa and his forces from taking Chihuahua City, Mexico.[30]
- Born:
- Vivien Leigh, British stage and film actress, winner of the Academy Award for Best Actress for Gone With The Wind and for A Streetcar Named Desire, recipient of the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for Tovarich; in Darjeeling, Bengal Province British India (d. 1967)
- Guy Green, British cinematographer, known for his work with David Lean including Oliver Twist, recipient of the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for Great Expectations; in Frome, Somerset(d. 2005)
- John McGiver, American film actor, known for film roles known for Breakfast at Tiffany's and The Manchurian Candidate; in New York City (d. 1975)
November 6, 1913 (Thursday)
- Mohandas Gandhi was arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.[31]
- The "Zabern Affair" was started in Saverne, Alsace (now France but part of Germany in 1913), when two local newspapers, Elsässer Anzeiger and Zaberner Anzeiger, ran articles concerning reports of disparaging remarks about Alsace residents, that had been made by 19-year-old Second Lieutenant Günter Freiherr von Forstner of the 2nd Upper Rhine Infantry Regiment No. 99 during a troop induction ceremony on October 28. Forstner reportedly told his soldiers, "If you are attacked, then make use of your weapon; if you stab such a Wackes (slur for a person who lived in the Alsace region) in the process, then you'll get ten marks from me."[32]
- All 3,000 members of the Indiana National Guard were activated by order of Governor Samuel M. Ralston and called to Indianapolis to preserve order during the streetcar strike. The walkout was settled the next day.[33]
- Two major storm fronts converged on the western side of Lake Superior and grew into an extra-tropical cyclone. The storm - known as the 'White Hurricane' and eventually the Great Lakes Storm - created hurricane-force winds, massive waves and whiteout conditions.[34]
- Born: Cho Ki-chon, North Korean poet, promoter of Korean literary nationalism through works including Mt. Paeketu, in Ael'tugeu, Vladivostok District, Russian Empire (killed in a bombing raid 1951)
- Died: William Henry Preece, 79, British engineer who developed wireless communication for the United Kingdom (b. 1834)
November 7, 1913 (Friday)
November 8, 1913 (Saturday)
- The status of the Great Lakes storm was upgraded to "severe", and centered over eastern Lake Superior, covering the entire lake basin.[38] Some vessels caught out in the storm included:
- American steamboat Louisiana, which ran aground and caught fire near Washington Island in Lake Michigan. The crew were able to evacuate and safely reach shore. A century later, the wreck remains a popular area for divers and archaeologists.[39] [40]
- American steamer Waldo, which was driven onto Gull Rock in Lake Superior. The vessel broke in two and the 24-person crew took shelter in the still-intact cabin for 90 hours until rescue from the Portage Life-Saving Station on November 11.[41]
- U.S. Navy destroyer was launched by New York Shipbuilding in Camden, New Jersey as third in a class to serve in World War I.[42]
- The ninth Salon d'Automne exhibit opened in Paris and ran until early January, with works by Roger de La Fresnaye (The Conquest of the Air), Albert Gleizes (Portrait de l'éditeur Eugène Figuière), Jean Metzinger (En Canot, L'Oiseau bleu), and Francis Picabia on display.[43]
- The monument to U.S. Army officer John Breckinridge Castleman, designed by Roland Hinton Perry, was unveiled in Louisville, Kentucky.[44]
- The German play Woyzeck by Georg Büchner, left unfinished at the writer's death in 1837, received its first performance at the Residenztheater in Munich.[45]
- Born: Robert Strauss, American actor, known for film roles in The Seven Year Itch and The Man with the Golden Arm; in New York City (d. 1975)
- Died: John Belcher, 72, British architect, designer of Neo-Baroque buildings such as the Ashton Memorial in London (b. 1841)
November 9, 1913 (Sunday)
- The Great Lakes Storm ravaged four of the five Great Lakes around Michigan, sinking 19 ships (six of which have never been located) and killing 250 people.[46] Most of the damage occurred in Lake Huron where huge waves battered ships, scrambling to seek shelter along the lake's southern end. Most of the ships would remain missing more than a century after the storm, including:
- British bulk freighter SS Wexford, which sank in Lake Huron with a loss of all 17 hands. The wreck would eventually be found on the lake bottom, 87 years after the disaster, on August 25, 2000.[47]
- American freighter SS Hydrus, which sank in high waves on Lake Huron with 25 crew on board. It would be located more than a century later in 2015.[48]
- American freighter SS Argus, sister ship to the Hydrus, which was also lost on Lake Huron. Parts of the wreckage were found days later on the shore of Bayfield, Ontario but the entire ship was never located.[49] [50]
- Canadian freighter SS James Carruthers, which drowned in Lake Huron with all 22 crew lost. The wreckage was never found.[51]
- Canadian freighter SS Regina, which went down following the sending of a distress signal with 32 men on board. The vessel sent word that it had hit a shoal while trying to reach Port Huron, Michigan, then capsized and sank.[52] The Regina would be located in 80-feet deep waters some 65 years later.[53]
- American ore transporter SS Henry B. Smith, which sank in Lake Superior with all 25 crew killed after leaving Marquette, Michigan to cross the lake in the belief that the storm had abated. Shortly after the storm returned, on-shore witnesses reported seeing the Henry B. Smith struggling through high waves to reach shelter at Keweenaw Point north of the harbor. It is believed the ship sank either the evening of the 9th or early morning of the 10th; only two bodies were recovered. The Henry B Smith wreck would not be found until May 2013 by shipwreck hunters, 535 feet (163 m) off Marquette.[54] [55]
- The United States and Honduras signed a peace treaty in Washington, D.C., with Honduras becoming the latest of the Central American nations to accept the proposals of United States Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan.[15]
- Funakawa Light Railway extended the Oga Line in the Akita Prefecture, Japan, with station Futada serving the line.[56]
November 10, 1913 (Monday)
- Casualties of the Great Lakes Storm were located as the worst of the weather abated. A mystery ship, later identified as American freighter Charles S. Price, was spotted floating upside-down in Lake Huron.[57] Meanwhile, bodies from Canadian freighter SS James Carruthers, including that of Captain William H. Wright, began washing up on shore at Point Clark and Kincardine, Ontario.[58]
- British Prime Minister H. H. Asquith publicly declared that the United Kingdom had no intention in intervening in Mexico's affairs. "Mexico is still in the throes of civil war," said Asquith, "but there never was and never will be any question of political intervention by Great Britain in the domestic concerns of Mexico, or in the Central or South American States."[59]
- John Archer became mayor of Battersea, England, the first black person to hold a mayoral seat in the United Kingdom. In his inaugural address to council, he said: "You have made history tonight ... Battersea has done many things in the past, but the greatest thing it has done is to show that it has no racial prejudice, and that it recognises a man for the work he has done."[60] [61]
- Born:
- Died: Richard Solomon, 63, South African lawyer, High Commissioner for the Union of South Africa from 1910 to 1913 (b. 1850)
November 11, 1913 (Tuesday)
November 12, 1913 (Wednesday)
November 13, 1913 (Thursday)
- British suffragist Emmeline Pankhurst delivered her "Freedom or Death" speech in Hartford, Connecticut. An excerpt of her speech read: "Human life for us is sacred, but we say if any life is to be sacrificed it shall be ours; we won’t do it ourselves, but we will put the enemy in the position where they will have to choose between giving us freedom or giving us death."[69]
- The Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Hindu poet Rabindranath Tagore, marking "the first time that this prize has been given to anybody but a white person".[70]
- China's National Assembly, with 300 fewer deputies, suspended further operations because a quorum was no longer possible.[15]
- Twelve people were killed, and more than 100 injured, in the wreck of an excursion train near Clayton, Alabama. The Central Georgia R.R. passenger train was carrying passengers from Ozark, Alabama to a country fair in Eufaula, Alabama, when it derailed and plunged down a steep embankment.[71]
- The play General John Regan by Irish writer James Owen Hannay under the pen name George A. Birmingham made its American premier at the Hudson Theatre in New York City (it premiered in January at the Apollo Theatre in London).[72]
- Association football club Rio Negro was established in Manaus, Brazil.[73]
- Born:
- Lon Nol, Cambodian state leader, 21st Prime Minister of Cambodia, and president of the Khmer Republic, in Prey Veng, Cambodia (d. 1985)
- Alexander Scourby, American actor, known for roles in film such as The Big Heat, in New York City (d. 1985)
- Helen Mack, American actress, known for film roles such as His Girl Friday, in Rock Island, Illinois (d. 1986)
November 14, 1913 (Friday)
November 15, 1913 (Saturday)
- The ship Charles S. Price was identified as the "mystery vessel" seen capsized five days earlier off the coast of Michigan. Milton Smith, an assistant engineer who decided at the last moment not to join his crew on premonition of disaster, aided in identifying any bodies that were found. Twenty-eight crew members lost their lives in the wreck.[78]
- Pancho Villa was successful in capturing Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. Eleven trainloads of federal troops were sent up from Chihuahua City to engage Villa.[67]
- The polar ship Karluk reached 73°N, the most northerly point of its drift in the Beaufort Sea, since becoming trapped in ice last August. It began moving south-west, in the general direction of the Siberian coast.[79]
- The London Underground added the West Harrow tube station to serve Harrow, London, England.
- Japanese Government Railways extended the Echigo Line in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan, with station Sekiya serving the line.[80]
- The association football XV de Novembro was established in Piracicaba, Brazil, with the club named after the date commemorating the establishment of the First Brazilian Republic in 1889.[81] [82]
- Born:
- Jack Dyer, Australian rules football player and coach for the Richmond Football Club; in Oakleigh, Victoria (d. 2003)
- Gus Johnson, American jazz musician, drummer for Jay McShann and Ella Fitzgerald;in Tyler, Texas (d. 2000)
- Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist, member of the Belgian Resistance during World War II, in Angleur(d. 2005)
- Riek Schagen, Dutch actress, best known for her role as Saartje in the long-running popular NCRV television show Swiebertje and film comedies such as Fanfare, in Amersfoort(d. 2008)
- Died: Camille Armand Jules Marie, 81, French Army officer who served in the Franco-Prussian War, and was a major general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War (b. 1832)
November 16, 1913 (Sunday)
November 17, 1913 (Monday)
- Alfred Fones established the Fones School of Dental Hygiene in Bridgeport, Connecticut, with the local board of education helping to fund the program. The first class was attended by 34 women and held in Fones' garage behind his office. Graduates of the program participated in preventative dental treatment programs in schools around Bridgeport.[84]
- The Vermilion School of Agriculture opened in Vermilion, Alberta - the first of three agricultural colleges to open in the Canadian province - with an all-male class of 34. The college would expand its programs and campuses over the next few decades, and eventually be renamed Lakeland College in 1975.[85]
- Construction of the National Transcontinental Railway, started in 1903, was completed with the last spike driven west of Cochrane, Ontario. The rail - which ran from Winnipeg to Moncton, New Brunswick - was operated privately until 1923 when it was absorbed into the Canadian National Railway.[86]
- The Grimsby and Immingham Electric Railway opened an electric rail station in Immingham, England and operated it until 1961.[87]
- Died: Mathilde Marchesi, German opera singer, known for her collaboration with the Vienna Conservatory (b. 1821)
November 18, 1913 (Tuesday)
- Twenty-one coal miners were killed in the explosion of the Alabama Fuel and Iron Company's Mine Number 2 near Acton, Alabama.[88]
- American aviator Lincoln Beachey first performed his inside loop (called the "loop the loop") at an airshow at Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego. Beachey climbed to 3,500 feet (1,066 meters) before turning the airplane down. He brought the machine up at the 1,000-foot mark and completed a 300-foot (91-meter) loop.[89]
- French aviator Maurice Chevillard performed the first somersault loop with an airplane while a passenger was on board, something previously done solo by aviators.[90]
- The play by George Bernard Shaw premiered at the Vaudeville Theatre in London as a starring vehicle for actress Gertrude Kingston.[91]
- Born: Endre Rozsda, Hungarian-French painter, member of the Surrealism movement, in Mohács, Hungary (d. 1999)
November 19, 1913 (Wednesday)
- Jack Thompson showed up at his own funeral visitation in Hamilton, Ontario, eight days after he had been believed to have drowned in the sinking of the SS James Carruthers. The body that had washed ashore from Lake Huron had been identified by his bereaved father, Thomas, at a morgue in Goderich, Ontario. In reality, Thompson had not accompanied the ship on its final voyage. The body his father identified was the same height and build, had similar facial features, tattoos (including the initials "J.T."), scars (crossed toes), and other markings on the body. Upon reading his name among the list of known dead in a newspaper while in Toronto, Thompson took a train back to his hometown and walked into his home, where his family was preparing for his burial. The identity of the body mistaken for Thompson remains unknown, and is buried with four other unknown seamen in Goderich.[92]
- The Governor of Pennsylvania, John K. Tener, agreed to serve as the new president of the pro baseball National League.[93]
November 20, 1913 (Thursday)
- The Eiffel Tower, made of iron, was used as a radio antenna for wireless transmission and reception by the Paris Observatory. For three weeks, the Paris Observatory and the United States Naval Observatory in Arlington County, Virginia had been attempting to signal each other and "on November 20 the exchange worked well for the first time", in an experiment that continued until March.[94] The New York Times reported that the earlier tests had encountered interference from atmospheric conditions and other radio transmissions, but that on the evening of the 20th, "the beats of the Paris clock, as transmitted by wireless, were compared with the Washington clock for several minutes".[95]
- The Ministry of Agriculture was established in Egypt.[96] [97]
- Born:
November 21, 1913 (Friday)
- The Olds School of Agriculture and Home Economics officially opened on the site of a demonstration farm in Olds, Alberta, the second of three agricultural schools opened by the Alberta Department of Agriculture. The school would expand its programs and campus over decades and is now the Olds College.[98]
- The semiweekly newspaper Cessnock Eagle and South Maitland Recorder began publication in Cessnock, New South Wales, Australia. The last edition was published in 1961.[99]
- Born: John Boulting, English film director (d. 1985) and Roy Boulting, English film director and producer (d. 2001), identical twin brothers who produced films such as Brighton Rock and I'm All Right Jack, in Bray, Berkshire, England
November 22, 1913 (Saturday)
November 23, 1913 (Sunday)
November 24, 1913 (Monday)
November 25, 1913 (Tuesday)
- On the fourth day of fighting in Tierra Blanca, rebel leader Pancho Villa ordered his cavalry to charge the center of the attacking Mexican Army's line. At the same time, Rodolfo Fierro, Villa's second-in-command, used a locomotive filled with dynamite and percussion caps to ram into the federal soldiers' train cars.[112] Both aggressive counterattacks forced the federal army to retreat, with 1,000 casualties.[113]
- The Irish Volunteers were established by acclamation at a huge public meeting at the Rotunda Hospital in Dublin "to secure and maintain the rights and liberties common to the whole people of Ireland".[114] [115]
- French aviator Raymonde de Laroche flew 325km (202miles) solo in four hours, winning the 1913 Femina Cup for the longest solo flight by a woman that year.[116]
- In a wedding held in the White House, Jessie Woodrow Wilson, daughter of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, was married to Francis B. Sayre.[117]
- Panama became a signatory to the 1910 Buenos Aires Convention, a copyright treaty, the second country in Latin America to do so. Guatemala had been the first to sign, on March 28, 1913.[118]
- Born:
- Died: Robert Stawell Ball, 73, Irish astronomer who developed the screw theory used for vectors in algebra (b. 1840)
November 26, 1913 (Wednesday)
- Royal Navy battleship was launched by Devonport Shipyard in Plymouth to serve in World War I including the Battle of Jutland.[119]
- Phi Sigma Sigma, the first collegiate nonsectarian sorority, was founded at Hunter College, New York City. It was the first women's fraternity of its time to allow membership of women from all faiths and backgrounds.[120]
- Police in New York City arrested José Santos Zelaya, the former President of Nicaragua, after he had been convicted of murder, in absentia, by a court in Managua. Zelaya was sleeping on the sixth floor of an apartment house on West End Avenue.[121] After a few days in jail, Zelaya would be released on bond and, on Christmas Eve, would board the ship Lorraine and sail back to Spain.[122]
- Died: Frances Julia Wedgwood, 80, British writer who assisted Charles Darwin in translating the works of Carl Linnaeus (b. 1833)
November 27, 1913 (Thursday)
November 28, 1913 (Friday)
- Prussian soldiers occupying Saverne, Germany arrested and imprisoned 26 demonstrators without probable cause, after a crowd of demonstrators made their angriest protests up to that time over Lt. von Forstner's offensive remarks and the insufficiency of the discipline taken against the young officer. When the crowd ignored warnings to disperse, the soldiers charged the crowd, seized whomever they could detain, and imprisoned the 26 in the basement of the Rohan Palace. Martial law was declared in the town soon after.[128]
- Pancho Villa gained control of Chihuahua City, Mexico and established a base of operations in the city for División del Norte.[129]
- New rules to speed up the game of ice hockey were tested for the first time in a game, as the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) implemented ideas by Frank Patrick, including an end to the prohibition against passing the puck forward beyond one's own side of the rink.[130] Previously, players could only pass the puck forward until they reached the blue line that marked the neutral zone, after which they had to maintain possession while they skated forward, and could only pass to a player behind them. The penalties that resulted from frequent infractions of the rule delayed the games. Patrick's idea, which would later be accepted by the NHL forerunner, the National Hockey Association, was to allow forward passing by either team in the neutral zone. In a preseason exhibition at Victoria Arena in Victoria, British Columbia, the Victoria Aristocrats beat the Vancouver Millionaires 4 to 3 in overtime.[131]
- Died: George B. Post, 75, American architect, noted proponent of the Beaux-Arts tradition and designer of many public New York City buildings including the New York Stock Exchange (b. 1837)
November 29, 1913 (Saturday)
November 30, 1913 (Sunday)
- The Sprague, famous as "the world's largest steam-powered sternwheeler towboat", with the power to push as many as 56 loaded barges, created an environmental disaster when it wrecked on the Mississippi River, striking a stone dike on one of the many river islands, Island Number 30, near Osceola, Arkansas. In addition to destroying 16 coal barges outright and sinking 29 others that it was pushing,[134] the Sprague caused the barges' 53,200 tons of coal to pour into the river, temporarily forming a new river island [135]
- The Erie Philharmonic orchestra company was established in Erie, Pennsylvania, but would only last for about two years.[136]
- Born:
Notes and References
- "Faversham at Majestic", Los Angeles Daily Times, October 20, 1913, p. 11
- Anthony Slide and Edward WagenknechtFifty Great American Silent Films, 1912-1920: A Pictorial Survey (Dover Publications, 1980) p. 4
- . Produced by Daniel Frohman and Adolph Zukor of Famous Players Film Company (which would later become Paramount Pictures, the silent film was based on the 1844 novel by Alexandre Dumas and featured James O'Neill in the title role. "The Count of Monte Cristo (1913)", Internet Movie Database
- News: News-Sentinel Editorial Staff . Comment . The Knoxville News-Sentinel . A13 . July 12, 1991.
- News: Balloch . Jim . Park site's history long, colorful . The Knoxville News-Sentinel . A1 . June 16, 1997.
- Web site: Liverpool City Council - Proceedings of the Council 1913-1914 front page . 20 May 2017 .
- Web site: SS Manoa. Ellis Island Foundation. 23 April 2014.
- https://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/sports/year_in_sports/11.01.html Cross, Harry, "Inventing the Forward Pass", November 1, 1913, reprinted in "This Day in Sports", The New York Times, November 1, 2004
- "Notre Dame Outclasses the Army Team— Westerners Show Great Speed and Execute 12 Forward Passes for Big Gains", Pittsburgh Gazette-Times, p. III-4
- Web site: 전라지방–교통∙통신체계의 발달 . Land Portal . 2010-12-04 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722140418/http://www.land.go.kr/document/info/honam/jl06.pdf . 2011-07-22 .
- News: Production So Bad That the People Wanted to Wreck Prince of Wales Theater . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102121713/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/ajc_historic/access/554227752.html?dids=554227752:554227752&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Dec+01,+1913&author=&pub=The+Atlanta+Constitution&desc=RIOT+CAUSED+IN+LONDON+BY+%22ARE+YOU+THERE%3F%22&pqatl=google . dead . November 2, 2012 . The Prince of Wales' theater was the scene of the nearest approach to a real riot London theaterland has seen ... . . December 1, 1913 . 2010-06-06 .
- News: O Club. The Club. uniaodamadeira.com. pt. 19 July 2012. 19 July 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111018072918/http://www.uniaodamadeira.com/clube.asp. 18 October 2011. dmy-all.
- Book: Emmerson, Charles. 1913: The World before the Great War. 2013. 2013. Random House. 9781448137329. 13.
- Web site: Constantelos. Stephen. George Stovall. Society for American Baseball Research. 13 April 2014.
- "Federal League Contract", New York Times, November 3, 1913
- "Record of Current Events", The American Monthly Review of Reviews (December 1913), pp. 671-674
- http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\K\Y\KyivConservatory.htm Kiev Conservatory
- [Margaret Ross Griffel|Griffel, Margaret Ross]
- The Times, 4 November 1913 p. 11
- Web site: Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 1913.
- Book: Guide to U.S. Elections . 24 December 2015. 9781483380353 . 2016-01-25. Kalb . Deborah .
- Web site: Our Campaigns - VA Governor Race - Nov 04, 1913. April 26, 2016.
- Web site: Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. May 19, 2011.
- Web site: 19131104 PERU . National Geophysical Data Center. March 29, 2014 . March 29, 2014.
- "Twelve Killed in Lyons-Paris Train", New York Times, November 5, 1913; "39 French Train Victims", New York Times, November 6, 1913
- Web site: Monarch Profile: King Otto of Bavaria. The Mad Monarchist. 21 January 2013. 13 April 2014.
- "Bavaria Has a New King", New York Times, November 6, 1913
- Gary Krist, The Mirage Factory: Illusion, Imagination, and the Invention of Los Angeles (Broadway Books, 2018) p. 70
- Catherine Mulholland, William Mulholland and the Rise of Los Angeles (University of California Press, 2000) pp. 242-244
- John V.A. MacMurray, comp., Treaties and Agreements with and concerning China, 1894-1919 (New York, 1921), v. 2, no. 1913/11, pp. 1066-67
- "Chinese President Expels 300 Deputies", New York Times, November 5, 1913
- Web site: Timeline of the Mexican Revolution.
- "Rebel Repulse Reported", New York Times, November 9, 1913
- Web site: Mohandas K. Gandhi is arrested as he leads a march of Indian miners in South Africa. South African History Online. 14 April 2014.
- Web site: Heitmann. Thierry. The Affair of Saverne - 1913. 4 May 2014.
- "3,000 State Troops Hold Indianapolis", New York Times, November 7, 1913
- Heidorn, Keith C. (2001). "The Great Lakes: Storm Breeding Ground". Science of the Sky. Published online 16 Nov 2001, Suite101.
- Web site: Significant Earthquake: PERU: AMYARAES, ABANCAY, CASAYA, SORAYA. National Geophysical Data Center. November 26, 2015 . November 4, 1913.
- Brown, 2002, pp. 28–44
- Web site: Kenelm Foss. Great War Theatre. 17 August 2019.
- Brown, 2002, pp. 44–67
- Web site: Final Voyage. Wisconsin Shipwrecks.org. 2012-02-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20120327083028/http://www.wisconsinshipwrecks.org/explore_louisiana_final.cfm. 2012-03-27. dead.
- Web site: Louisiana (Shipwreck). National Park Service. 2012-02-11.
- Web site: U.S. Coast Guard Awards. U.S. Coast Guard.
- Book: Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775-1990: Major Combatants . Greenwood Publishing Group . . Roberts, Stephen S. . 1991 . United States of America . 350 . 0-313-26202-0.
- http://www.kubisme.info/kt324.html Salon d'Automne, Kubisme.info
- Book: Castleman, John B. Active Service. Courier-Journal. 1917. Louisville, Kentucky. 255–258.
- Web site: Woyzeck by Georg Büchner. Duke University. 15 April 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140307175031/http://sites.duke.edu/woyzeck/about/production-history/. 7 March 2014. dead.
- David G. Brown (2002). White Hurricane: A Great Lakes November Gale and America's Deadliest Maritime Disaster. International Marine / McGraw-Hill, 2002) p223
- Minnich, Jerry, Wisconsin Almanac, pg. 217,
- http://www.freep.com/story/news/2015/11/09/shipwreck-hunter-finds-ghost-great-storm-1913/75332346/ "Man discovers Lake Huron shipwreck missing since 1913"
- "Awful Marine Disaster on the Great Lakes", The Signal (Goderich, ON), November 13, 1913.
- Web site: SS Argus (+1913). https://archive.today/20140414073100/http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?159311. 2014-04-14. dead. Wreck Site. 14 April 2014.
- Web site: Willis . Glen . The great storm of 1913 . Pointe Aux Barques Lighthouse Society . 2002–2003 . 31 October 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100527181317/http://www.pointeauxbarqueslighthouse.org/preserve/shipwrecks/1913storm.cfm . 27 May 2010 . dead .
- Storm Toll Heavy in Life and Ships, Oshkosh (WI) Daily Northwestern, November 12, 1913. p.1
- "Divers find 73-year old shipwreck in Lake Huron", Ludington (MI) Daily News, November 13, 1986, p. 7
- News: Andrew . Krueger . 100 years after ore boat disappeared in Lake Superior storm, searchers locate wreck . Duluth News Tribune . 8 June 2013 . 14 April 2014 . https://archive.today/20130620205127/http://www.duluthnewstribune.com/event/article/id/269445/ . 20 June 2013 . dead .
- News: Video confirms wreck is freighter Henry B. Smith: New video taken more than 500 feet beneath the surface of Lake Superior confirms that a shipwreck discovered earlier this year is indeed the long-lost freighter Henry B. Smith . 1 July 2013 . Andrew . Krueger . Duluth News Tribune.
- Book: 日本国有鉄道停車場一覧 . JNR Station Directory . Japanese National Railways . 1985 . Japan . 130. 4-533-00503-9.
- Minnich, Jerry The Wisconsin Almanac p. 218
- Boyer, Dwight. True Tales of the Great Lakes. Cleveland: Freshwater Press, 1971, pp. 293-294
- "British Hands Off, Asserts Asquith", New York Times, November 11, 1913
- Web site: John Archer. 100 Great Britons. 4 May 2014.
- "Negro Mayor in London-- J. R. Archer, Whose Father Was a West Indian, Elected in Battersea", New York Times, November 11, 1913
- Record of Current Events . The American Monthly Review of Reviews . December 1913 . 671–674.
- Book: Beatty, Jack . Jack Beatty . The Lost History of 1914: Reconsidering the Year the Great War Began . Bloomsbury . New York . 2012 . 24.
- Web site: The Madcap Duchess . https://web.archive.org/web/20121112165919/http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=7734 . 12 November 2012 . dead . Internet Broadway Database (IBDB) . 13 April 2014.
- News: 'Madcap Duchess' Is a Musical Hit . The New York Times . 12 November 1913.
- Book: Chuku, Gloria . Igbo Women and Economic Transformation in Southeastern Nigeria, 1900-1960 . 2005 . Routledge . New York & London . 195 . 0-415-97210-8 . 17 November 2021 . Google Books.
- https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/11/16/100661355.pdf "Villa Takes Juarez in Night Attack"
- Book: Gardiner. Robert. Gray. Randal. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. 1985. Annapolis. Naval Institute Press. 978-0-87021-907-8. 31.
- Web site: When Civil War is Waged by Women. History Is A Weapon. 4 May 2014.
- "Nobel Prize Given to a Hindu Poet", New York Times, November 14, 1913
- "Fifteen Die in Wrecks", New York Times, November 14, 1913
- Dean, Joan Fitzpatrick. Riot and Great Anger: Stage Censorship in Twentieth-Century Ireland. University of Wisconsin Press, 2004, p. 103
- https://web.archive.org/web/20070312104601/http://www.arquivodeclubes.com/am/rionegro.htm Arquivo de Clubes
- Book: Hall, Richard C.. The Balkan Wars, 1912–1913: Prelude to the First World War. 2000. Routledge . 0-415-22946-4. 125–126.
- The American Year Book; A Record of Events and Progress, 1913, Francis G. Wickware, ed. (D. Appleton and Company, 1914) pp. 847-854
- "Wireless Saves 103 From Burning Ship", New York Times, November 16, 1913
- Web site: Yale University Press to celebrate 2013 centennial of Proust's masterpiece by launching landmark new edition of In Search of Lost Time. Yale Book News. 14 April 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20130514094612/http://yalebooks.com/pressreleases/Proust2013PR.pdf. 14 May 2013. dead.
- Front page, Port Huron Times-Herald EXTRA edition, Port Huron, Michigan, 15 November 1913.
- Book: Bartlett, Robert. Robert Bartlett (explorer). Ralph Hale . The Last Voyage of the Karluk. McLelland, Goodchild and Stewart. Toronto. 1916. 69.
- http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/station/info.aspx?StationCd=82
- Esporte Clube XV de Novembro (Piracicaba) at Arquivo de Clubes
- Enciclopédia do Futebol Brasileiro, Volume 1 – Lance, Rio de Janeiro: Aretê Editorial S/A, 2001.
- Web site: Eleições de 1913 (16 de Novembro) . Maltex.indo . 21 October 2019 . pt.
- Web site: Risom. Laurel. Dental Hygiene at 100: Who Was Dr. Fones?. American Dental Hygienists' Association. 14 April 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140416041639/http://d27vj430nutdmd.cloudfront.net/21156/140428/140428.1.pdf. 16 April 2014. dead.
- Web site: 100 Years of Lakeland College.
- Web site: Kennedy. R.L.. Canada's Third Transcontinental Railway. Old Times Trains.
- Book: Butt . R. V. J. . The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present . 1995 . Patrick Stephens Ltd. . Sparkford . 978-1-85260-508-7 . 126 . 1st.
- "Explosion Kills Miners", New York Times, November 19, 1913
- Web site: Beachey Loops the Loop. New York Times. 14 April 2014.
- "'Loops' with a Passenger", New York Times, November 19, 1913
- http://www.irishplayography.com/play.aspx?playid=3271 Great Catherine at Playography Ireland, a comprehensive database of new Irish plays produced professionally since 1904
- "'Corpse' Looks on as Family Mourns", Montreal Gazette, November 20, 1913, p. 1
- "Tener Consents to Accept Presidency", Milwaukee Sentinel, November 20, 1913
- Denver L. Applehans, Observing the Heavens from Omaha: A History of the Creighton Observatory, 1886-1940 (ProQuest, 2007) pp. 86-87
- "Paris Time by Wireless", New York Times, November 22, 1913, p. 1
- Web site: The evolution of the structure of the Ministry of Agriculture. Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation. 20 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131021044923/http://www.agr-egypt.gov.eg/En_MinHistory.aspx. 21 October 2013. dead.
- Web site: Ministry News. Ministry of Ag official site. 2019-11-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20191223151328/http://www.agr-egypt.gov.eg/. 2019-12-23. dead.
- Web site: Olds College Tradition. 14 April 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140415040642/http://100.oldscollege.ca/content/olds-college-tradition. 15 April 2014. dead.
- Web site: The Cessnock Eagle and South Maitland Recorder (NSW : 1913 - 1954). Australian Newspaper Digitisation Project. National Library of Australia. 11 April 2013.
- Lamar Cecil, Wilhelm II: Emperor and Exile, 1900-1941, vol. 2, Chapel Hill and London, UNC Press Books, 1996, p. 189.
- Web site: The Dying Detective . Sherlockian.net . October 3, 2021.
- Web site: Timeline of the Mexican Revolution . 7 April 2014.
- University of California at Los Angeles, Papers of Carey McWilliams, Box 1, Ambrose Bierce Correspondence, Scott to Sommerfeld, September 9, 1914
- Book: von Feilitzsch, Heribert . In Plain Sight: Felix A. Sommerfeld, Spymaster in Mexico, 1908 to 1914 . 314–316.
- Web site: St. Johns Library History . 29 August 2012 . November 2, 2012 . Multnomah County Library.
- https://unifei.edu.br/apresentacao/historia/ History
- John D. Bell, The Bulgarian Communist Party from Blagoev to Zhivkov: Histories of Ruling Communist Parties (Hoover Institution Press, 2020)
- "Bease Frees 100 Convicts", New York Times. November 25, 1913
- Brewster. Ben. 'Traffic in Souls': An Experiment in Feature-Length Narrative Construction. Cinema Journal. Autumn 1991. 31. 1. 37–56. 10.2307/1225161. 1225161.
- Films Added to National Film Registry for 2006. Library of Congress. December 27, 2006. November 27, 2011.
- [National Railway Museum, Port Adelaide|National Railway Museum]
- Book: Durschmied, Erik . Blood of Revolution: From the Reign of Terror to the Rise of Khomeini . 100, 102, 111 . 2002 . Arcade Publishing . 1-55970-607-4.
- Book: Knight, Alan . The Mexican Revolution . 117, 336 . 1990 . University of Nebraska Press . 0-8032-7771-7 .
- Book: Foy. Michael. Barton. Brian. The Easter Rising. Sutton Publishing. 2004. 7–8. 0-7509-3433-6.
- Web site: Militant Nationalism. 1916 Easter Rising - Prelude. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 4 May 2014.
- Pawlak, Debra Ann, "The Baroness of Flight," Aviation History, July 2008, p. 17; "Wins the Femina Aviation Cup", New York Times, November 26, 1913
- "Miss Jessie Wilson to Wed F.B. Sayre; Engagement of President's Second Daughter to Assistant of Whitman Announced," The New York Times, 1913-07-03, p. 1.
- "International Copyright Relations of the United States", U.S. Copyright Office Circular No. 38a, August 2003
- Book: Burt, R. A.. British Battleships of World War One. Naval Institute Press. Annapolis, Maryland. 1986. 0-87021-863-8. 256.
- Web site: Phi Sigma Sigma: About Us. 13 April 2014.
- "Arrest Zelaya in His Bed Here", New York Times, November 27, 1913
- "Zelaya Is Going to Spain", New York Times, December 23, 1913, p1
- Ivan Bulić, Politika Hrvatsko-srpske koalicije uoči Prvoga svjetskog rata 1907.–1913. ČSP, br. 2., pp 415-453 (2012)
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- 00579. S90/03179 & HC 87/1896. 13 October 2018.
- James W. Gerard: My four years in Germany, Grosset & Dunlap, New York, 1917. p. 64
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- https://www.nelsonstar.com/sports/hockeys-game-changing-play-turns-100/ "Hockey’s game-changing play turns 100"
- "New Rules of Play Please Fans— Much Faster Hockey in Evidence", Vancouver (BC) World, November 29, 1913, p. 14
- Web site: FIE Centennial. FIE - International Fencing Federation. 4 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140515222206/http://www.fie.org/en/centennial/introduction-106-2752. 15 May 2014. dead.
- Web site: The Grey Cup Winners. Canadian Football Hall of Fame. 13 April 2014.
- https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/AL3GHU7ML5LTU28Z "Sprague (Towboat, 1902-1948)"
- https://www.bigrivermagazine.com/sprague.pdf "When 'Big Mama' Ruled the Rivers"
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