November 1 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 365  - The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
• 996  - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi (Austria in Old High German).
• 1009  - Berber forces led by Sulayman ibn al-Hakam defeat the Umayyad caliph Muhammad II of Córdoba in the battle of Alcolea.
• 1141  - Empress Matilda's reign as 'Lady of the English' ends with Stephen of Blois regaining the title of 'King of England'.
• 1179  - Philip II is crowned as 'King of France'.
• 1214  - The port city of Sinope surrenders to the Seljuq Turks.
• 1348  - The anti-royalist Union of Valencia attacks the Jews of Murviedro on the pretext that they are serfs of the King of Valencia and thus "royalists".
• 1503  - Pope Julius II is elected.
• 1512  - The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time.
• 1520  - The Strait of Magellan, the passage immediately south of mainland South America connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first discovered and navigated by European explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the first recorded circumnavigation voyage.
• 1555  - French Huguenots establish the France Antarctique colony in present-day Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
• 1570  - The All Saints' Flood devastates the Dutch coast.

1601–1900

• 1604  - William Shakespeare's tragedy Othello is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.
• 1611  - Shakespeare's play The Tempest is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.
• 1612  - During the Time of Troubles, Polish troops are expelled from Moscow's Kitay-gorod by Russian troops under the command of Dmitry Pozharsky (22 October O.S.).
• 1683  - The British Crown colony of New York is subdivided into 12 counties.
• 1688  - William III of Orange sets out a second time from Hellevoetsluis in the Netherlands to seize the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland from King James II of England during the Glorious Revolution.
• 1755  - In Portugal, Lisbon is totally devastated by a massive earthquake and tsunami, killing an estimated 40,000 to 60,000 people.
• 1765  - The British Parliament enacts the Stamp Act on the Thirteen Colonies in order to help pay for British military operations in North America.
• 1790  - Edmund Burke publishes Reflections on the Revolution in France, in which he predicts that the French Revolution will end in a disaster.
• 1800  - John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the White House).
• 1805  - Napoleon Bonaparte invades Austria during the War of the Third Coalition.
• 1814  - Congress of Vienna opens to re-draw the European political map after the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars.
• 1848  - In Boston, Massachusetts, the first medical school for women, Boston Female Medical School (which later merged with the Boston University School of Medicine), opens.
• 1861  - American Civil War: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan as the commander of the Union Army, replacing General Winfield Scott.
• 1870  - In the United States, the Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official meteorological forecast.
• 1893  - The Battle of Bembezi took place and was the most decisive battle won by the British in the First Matabele War of 1893.
• 1894  - Nicholas II becomes the new (and last) Tsar of Russia after his father, Alexander III, dies.
• 1894  - Buffalo Bill, 15 of his Native Americans, and Annie Oakley were filmed by Thomas Edison in his Black Maria Studio in West Orange, New Jersey.
• 1896  - A picture showing the bare breasts of a woman appears in National Geographic magazine for the first time.
• 1897  - The first Library of Congress building opens its doors to the public; the library had previously been housed in the Congressional Reading Room in the U.S. Capitol.
• 1897  - Italian Sport-Club Juventus is founded by a group of students of Liceo Classico Massimo d'Azeglio.^[1]

1901–present

• 1905  - Lahti, the city of Finland, is granted city rights by Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, the last Grand Duke of Finland.^[2]
• 1911  - World's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War. Second Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti of Italy drops several small bombs.
• 1914  - World War I: The first British Royal Navy defeat of the war with Germany, the Battle of Coronel, is fought off of the western coast of Chile, in the Pacific, with the loss of and .
• 1914  - World War I: The Australian Imperial Force (AIF) departed by ship in a single convoy from Albany, Western Australia bound for Egypt.
• 1916  - In Russia, Pavel Milyukov delivers in the State Duma the famous "stupidity or treason" speech, precipitating the downfall of the government of Boris Stürmer.
• 1918  - World War I: With a brave action carried out into the waters of the Austro-Hungarian port of Pula, two officers of the Italian Regia Marina sink with a manned torpedo the enemy battleship SMS Viribus Unitis.^[3]
• 1918  - Malbone Street Wreck: The worst rapid transit accident in US history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn, New York City, with at least 102 deaths.
• 1918  - Western Ukraine separates from Austria-Hungary.
• 1922  - Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate: The last sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI, abdicates.
• 1923  - The Finnish airline Aero O/Y (now Finnair) is founded.^[4]
• 1928  - The Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet, replaces the Arabic alphabet with the Latin alphabet.
• 1937  - Stalinists execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of Azerbaijan's Lutheran community.
• 1938  - Seabiscuit defeats War Admiral in an upset victory during a match race deemed "the match of the century" in horse racing.
• 1941  - American photographer Ansel Adams takes a picture of a moonrise over the town of Hernandez, New Mexico that would become one of the most famous images in the history of photography.
• 1942  - World War II: Matanikau Offensive begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends three days later with an American victory.
• 1943  - World War II: The 3rd Marine Division, United States Marines, landing on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands, secures a beachhead, leading that night to a naval clash at the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay.
• 1944  - World War II: Units of the British Army land at Walcheren.
• 1945  - The official North Korean newspaper, Rodong Sinmun, is first published under the name Chongro.
• 1948  - Athenagoras I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, is enthroned.
• 1949  - All 55 people on board Eastern Air Lines Flight 537 are killed when the Douglas DC-4 operating the flight collides in mid-air with a Bolivian Air Force Lockheed P-38 Lightning aircraft over Alexandria, Virginia.^[5]
• 1950  - Puerto Rican nationalists Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo attempt to assassinate US President Harry S. Truman at Blair House.
• 1951  - Operation Buster–Jangle: Six thousand five hundred United States Army soldiers are exposed to 'Desert Rock' atomic explosions for training purposes in Nevada. Participation is not voluntary.
• 1952  - Nuclear weapons testing: The United States successfully detonates Ivy Mike, the first thermonuclear device, at the Eniwetok atoll. The explosion had a yield of ten megatons TNT equivalent.^[6]
• 1954  - The Front de Libération Nationale fires the first shots of the Algerian War of Independence.
• 1955  - The establishment of a Military Assistance Advisory Group in South Vietnam marks the beginning of American involvement in the conflict.
• 1955  - The bombing of United Air Lines Flight 629 occurs near Longmont, Colorado, killing all 39 passengers and five crew members aboard the Douglas DC-6B airliner.
• 1956  - The Indian states Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Mysore are formally created under the States Reorganisation Act; Kanyakumari district is joined to Tamil Nadu from Kerala. Delhi was established as a union territory.
• 1956  - Hungarian Revolution: Imre Nagy announces Hungary's neutrality and withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact. Soviet troops begin to re-enter Hungary, contrary to assurances by the Soviet government. János Kádár and Ferenc Münnich secretly defect to the Soviets.
• 1956  - The Springhill mining disaster in Springhill, Nova Scotia kills 39 miners; 88 are rescued.
• 1957  - The Mackinac Bridge, the world's longest suspension bridge between anchorages at the time, opens to traffic connecting Michigan's upper and lower peninsulas.
• 1963  - The Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, with the largest radio telescope ever constructed, officially opens.
• 1963  - The 1963 South Vietnamese coup begins.
• 1968  - The Motion Picture Association of America's film rating system is officially introduced, originating with the ratings G, M, R, and X.
• 1970  - Club Cinq-Sept fire in Saint-Laurent-du-Pont, France kills 146 young people.
• 1973  - Watergate scandal: Leon Jaworski is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.
• 1973  - The Indian state of Mysore is renamed as Karnataka to represent all the regions within Karunadu.
• 1979  - In Bolivia, Colonel Alberto Natusch executes a bloody coup d'état against the constitutional government of Wálter Guevara.
• 1979  - Griselda Álvarez becomes the first female governor of a state of Mexico.^[7]
• 1981  - Antigua and Barbuda gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1982  - Honda becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of its factory in Marysville, Ohio; a Honda Accord is the first car produced there.
• 1984  - After the assassination of Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India on 31 October 1984, by two of her Sikh bodyguards, anti-Sikh riots erupt.
• 1987  - British Rail Class 43 (HST) hits the record speed of 238 km/h for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to generate electricity for traction motors.
• 1991  - President of the Chechen Republic Dzhokhar Dudayev declares sovereignty of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria from the Russian Federation.^[8]
• 1993  - The Maastricht Treaty takes effect, formally establishing the European Union.^[9]
• 2000  - Chhattisgarh officially becomes the 26th state of India, formed from sixteen districts of eastern Madhya Pradesh.
• 2000  - Serbia and Montenegro joins the United Nations.
• 2001  - Turkey, Australia, and Canada agree to commit troops to the invasion of Afghanistan.^[10]
• 2011  - Mario Draghi succeeds Jean-Claude Trichet and becomes the third president of the European Central Bank.^[11]
• 2012  - A fuel tank truck crashes and explodes in the Saudi Arabian capital Riyadh, killing 26 people and injuring 135.

Births

Pre-1600

• 846  - Louis the Stammerer, Frankish king (d. 879)^[12]
• 1339  - Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (d. 1365)^[13]
• 1351  - Leopold III, Duke of Austria (d. 1386)
• 1419  - Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d. 1485)
• 1498  - Giovanni Ricci, Italian cardinal (d. 1574)
• 1499  - Rodrigo of Aragon, Italian noble (d. 1512)
• 1522  - Andrew Corbet, English landowner and politician (d. 1578)
• 1526  - Catherine Jagiellon, queen of John III of Sweden (d. 1583)
• 1527  - William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham, English noble and politician (d. 1597)
• 1530  - Étienne de La Boétie, French philosopher and judge (d. 1563)
• 1539  - Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (d. 1596)^[14]
• 1550  - Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-Archbishop of Bremen, Prince-Bishop of Osnabruck and Paderborn (d. 1585)
• 1567  - Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 1st Count of Gondomar, Spanish academic and diplomat (d. 1626)
• 1585  - Jan Brożek, Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer (d. 1652)
• 1596  - Pietro da Cortona, Italian painter (d. 1669)

1601–1900

• 1607  - Georg Philipp Harsdörffer, German poet and translator (d. 1658)
• 1609  - Matthew Hale, Lord Chief Justice of England (d. 1676)
• 1611  - François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-French commander (d. 1656)
• 1625  - Oliver Plunkett, Irish archbishop and saint (d. 1681)
• 1636  - Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (d. 1711)
• 1643  - John Strype, English priest, historian, and author (d. 1737)
• 1661  - Florent Carton Dancourt, French actor and playwright (d. 1725)
• 1661  - Louis, Grand Dauphin, heir apparent to the throne of France (d. 1711)^[15]
• 1666  - James Sherard, English botanist and curator (d. 1738)
• 1720  - Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte, French admiral (d. 1791)
• 1727  - Ivan Shuvalov, Russian art collector and philanthropist (d. 1797)
• 1752  - Józef Zajączek, Polish general, politician (d. 1826)
• 1757  - Antonio Canova, Italian sculptor and educator (d. 1822)^[16]
• 1762  - Spencer Perceval, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1812)
• 1769  - Garlieb Merkel, German author and activist (d. 1850)
• 1778  - Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (d. 1837)
• 1782  - F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1859)
• 1808  - John Taylor, English-American religious leader, 3rd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1887)
• 1831  - Harry Atkinson, English-New Zealand politician, 10th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1892)
• 1838  - 11th Dalai Lama (d. 1856)
• 1839  - Ahmed Muhtar Pasha, Ottoman general and politician, 227th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1919)
• 1847  - Emma Albani, Canadian-English soprano and actress (d. 1930)
• 1847  - Hiệp Hòa, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1883)
• 1848  - Caroline Still Anderson, American physician, educator and abolitionist (d. 1919)^[17]
• 1848  - Jules Bastien-Lepage, French painter (d. 1884)^[18]
• 1849  - William Merritt Chase, American painter and educator (d. 1916)
• 1859  - Charles Brantley Aycock, American educator, lawyer, and politician, 50th Governor of North Carolina (d. 1912)
• 1862  - Johan Wagenaar, Dutch organist and composer (d. 1941)
• 1864  - Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (d. 1918)
• 1871  - Stephen Crane, American poet, novelist, and short story writer (d. 1900)
• 1872  - Louis Dewis, Belgian-French painter (d. 1946)
• 1877  - Roger Quilter, English composer (d. 1953)
• 1878  - Konrad Mägi, Estonian painter and educator (d. 1925)
• 1878  - Carlos Saavedra Lamas, Argentinian academic and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1959)
• 1880  - Sholem Asch, Polish-American author and playwright (d. 1957)
• 1880  - Grantland Rice, American journalist and poet (d. 1954)
• 1880  - Alfred Wegener, German meteorologist and geophysicist (d. 1930)
• 1881  - Perikles Ioannidis, Greek admiral (d. 1965)
• 1886  - Hermann Broch, Austrian-American author and poet (d. 1951)
• 1886  - Sakutarō Hagiwara, Japanese poet and critic (d. 1942)
• 1887  - L.S. Lowry, English painter and illustrator (d. 1976)
• 1888  - George Kenner, German-American painter and illustrator (d. 1971)
• 1888  - Michał Sopoćko, Polish cleric and academic (d. 1975)
• 1889  - Hannah Höch, German painter and photographer (d. 1978)^[19]
• 1889  - Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker, English academic and politician, Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
• 1896  - Edmund Blunden, English author, poet, and critic (d. 1974)
• 1898  - Arthur Legat, Belgian race car driver (d. 1960)
• 1898  - Sippie Wallace, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1986)

1901–present

• 1902  - Nordahl Grieg, Norwegian journalist, author, poet, and playwright (d. 1943)
• 1902  - Eugen Jochum, German conductor (d. 1987)
• 1903  - Max Adrian, Irish-born British actor (d. 1973)
• 1903  - Edward Greeves, Jr., Australian footballer (d. 1963)
• 1904  - Laura LaPlante, American silent film actress (d. 1996)
• 1905  - Paul-Émile Borduas, Canadian-French painter and educator (d. 1960)
• 1906  - Johnny Indrisano, American boxer (d. 1968)
• 1907  - Maxie Rosenbloom, American boxer (d. 1976)
• 1909  - Hans Mork, South African-Australian rugby league player (d. 1960)
• 1911  - Mingun Sayadaw, Burmese monk and scholar (d. 1993)
• 1911  - Henri Troyat, French historian and author (d. 2007)
• 1912  - Gunther Plaut, German-Canadian rabbi and author (d. 2012)
• 1914  - Moshe Teitelbaum, Romanian-American rabbi (d. 2006)
• 1915  - Margaret Taylor-Burroughs, American painter, poet, and educator, co-founded the DuSable Museum of African American History (d. 2010)
• 1917  - Zenna Henderson, American author (d. 1983)
• 1917  - Clarence E. Miller, American engineer and politician (d. 2011)
• 1918  - Ken Miles, English-American race car driver (d. 1966)
• 1919  - Hermann Bondi, English-Austrian mathematician and cosmologist (d. 2005)
• 1920  - James J. Kilpatrick, American journalist and author (d. 2010)^[20]
• 1920  - Ted Lowe, English sportscaster (d. 2011)
• 1921  - John W. Peterson, American pilot and songwriter (d. 2006)
• 1921  - Harald Quandt, German businessman (d. 1967)
• 1922  - George S. Irving, American actor (d. 2016)
• 1922  - Andy Tonkovich, American basketball player and coach (d. 2006)^[21]
• 1923  - Victoria de los Ángeles, Spanish soprano and actress (d. 2005)
• 1923  - Gordon R. Dickson, Canadian-American author (d. 2001)
• 1923  - Menachem Elon, German-Israeli academic and jurist (d. 2013)
• 1923  - Carlos Páez Vilaró, Uruguayan painter and sculptor (d. 2014)
• 1924  - Süleyman Demirel, Turkish engineer and politician, 9th President of Turkey (d. 2015)
• 1924  - Jean-Luc Pépin, Canadian academic and politician, 19th Canadian Minister of Labour (d. 1995)
• 1926  - Stephen Antonakos, Greek-American sculptor (d. 2013)
• 1926  - Betsy Palmer, American actress and game show panelist (d. 2015)
• 1927  - Marcel Ophüls, German documentary filmmaker
• 1927  - Vic Power, Puerto Rican baseball player and coach (d. 2005)
• 1928  - James Bradford, American weightlifter (d. 2013)
• 1929  - Nicholas Mavroules, American lawyer and politician (d. 2003)
• 1930  - A. R. Gurney, American playwright and author (d. 2017)
• 1930  - Russ Kemmerer, American baseball player and coach (d. 2014)
• 1931  - Yossef Gutfreund, Israeli wrestler and coach (d. 1972)
• 1931  - Shunsuke Kikuchi, Japanese composer (d. 2021)
• 1931  - Arne Pedersen, Norwegian footballer and manager (d. 2013)
• 1932  - Al Arbour, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2015)
• 1932  - Francis Arinze, Nigerian cardinal
• 1933  - Antoine Kohn, Luxembourgian footballer and manager (d. 2012)
• 1934  - Umberto Agnelli, Swiss-Italian businessman and politician (d. 2004)
• 1934  - Gillian Knight, English soprano and actress
• 1934  - William Mathias, Welsh pianist and composer (d. 1992)
• 1935  - Gary Player, South African golfer and sportscaster
• 1935  - Edward Said, Palestinian-American theorist, author, and academic (d. 2003)
• 1936  - Katsuhisa Hattori, Japanese composer and conductor (d. 2020)
• 1936  - Shizuka Kamei, Japanese lawyer and politician
• 1937  - Bill Anderson, American country music singer-songwriter
• 1938  - Nicholasa Mohr, Puerto Rican American Nuyorican writer
• 1939  - Barbara Bosson, American actress (d. 2023)
• 1940  - Bruce Grocott, Baron Grocott, English academic and politician
• 1940  - Roger Kellaway, American pianist and composer
• 1940  - Ramesh Chandra Lahoti, Indian lawyer and jurist, 35th Chief Justice of India (d. 2022)
• 1940  - Barry Sadler, American sergeant, author, actor, and singer-songwriter (d. 1989)
• 1941  - Alfio Basile, Argentinian footballer and manager
• 1941  - Joe Caldwell, American basketball player^[22]
• 1941  - Robert Foxworth, American actor and director
• 1941  - John Pullin, English rugby player (d. 2021)
• 1942  - Larry Flynt, American publisher, founded Larry Flynt Publications (d. 2021)
• 1942  - Ralph Klein, Canadian journalist and politician, 12th Premier of Alberta (d. 2013)
• 1942  - Marcia Wallace, American actress and comedian (d. 2013)
• 1943  - Salvatore Adamo, Italian-Belgian singer-songwriter
• 1943  - Jacques Attali, French economist and civil servant
• 1944  - Kinky Friedman, American singer-songwriter and author (d. 2024)^[23]
• 1944  - Rafic Hariri, Lebanese businessman and politician 60th Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2005)
• 1944  - Bobby Heenan, American wrestler, manager, and sportscaster (d. 2017)
• 1944  - Oscar Temaru, French-Polynesian soldier and politician, President of French Polynesia
• 1945  - Narendra Dabholkar, Indian author and activist, founded Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti (d. 2013)
• 1945  - John Williamson, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1946  - Ric Grech, British rock musician (d. 1990)
• 1946  - Yuko Shimizu, Japanese graphic designer, created Hello Kitty
• 1947  - Ted Hendricks, Guatemalan-American football player^[24]
• 1947  - Nick Owen, English journalist
• 1947  - Jim Steinman, American songwriter and producer (d. 2021)
• 1948  - Amani Abeid Karume, Zanzibar accountant and politician, 6th President of Zanzibar
• 1948  - Mike Mendoza, English radio host and politician
• 1948  - Phil Myre, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1948  - Bill Woodrow, English sculptor and academic
• 1949  - Jeannie Berlin, American actress
• 1949  - David Foster, Canadian singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
• 1949  - Michael D. Griffin, American physicist and engineer
• 1949  - Belita Moreno, American actress and acting coach
• 1950  - Mitch Kapor, American computer programmer and businessman, founded Lotus Software and Electronic Frontier Foundation
• 1950  - Robert B. Laughlin, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1950  - Dan Peek, American singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2011)
• 1951  - Ronald Bell, American singer-songwriter, saxophonist, and producer (d. 2020)
• 1951  - Fabrice Luchini, French actor and screenwriter
• 1951  - Craig Serjeant, Australian cricketer and chemist
• 1953  - Jan Davis, American engineer and astronaut
• 1953  - Paul Wellings, English ecologist and academic
• 1955  - Beth Leavel, American actress and singer
• 1957  - Lyle Lovett, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer^[25]
• 1957  - Murray Pierce, New Zealand rugby player
• 1958  - Mark Austin, English journalist
• 1958  - Robert Hart, English singer-songwriter
• 1958  - Rachel Ticotin, American actress
• 1959  - Susanna Clarke, English author and educator
• 1960  - Tim Cook, American businessman and engineer, current CEO of Apple Inc.
• 1960  - Fernando Valenzuela, Mexican baseball player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1961  - Louise Boije af Gennäs, Swedish author and screenwriter
• 1961  - Anne Donovan, American basketball player and coach (d. 2018)
• 1961  - Calvin Johnson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1961  - Heng Swee Keat, Singaporean politician
• 1962  - Sharron Davies, English swimmer
• 1962  - Magne Furuholmen, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1962  - Anthony Kiedis, American singer-songwriter^[26]
• 1963  - Rick Allen, English musician
• 1963  - Nita Ambani, Indian businesswoman
• 1963  - Mark Hughes, Welsh footballer and manager
• 1963  - Big Kenny, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1964  - Sophie B. Hawkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1965  - Michael Daley, Australian politician
• 1965  - Patrik Ringborg, Swedish conductor
• 1966  - Willie D, American rapper and entrepreneur
• 1966  - Mary Hansen, Australian singer and musician (d. 2002)
• 1966  - Gary Howell, American businessman and politician
• 1966  - Jeremy Hunt, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for Health
• 1966  - Ashab Uddin, Indian-Bengali politician^[27]
• 1967  - Tina Arena, Australian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
• 1967  - Carla van de Puttelaar, Dutch photographer
• 1969  - Gary Alexander, American basketball player^[28]
• 1969  - Tie Domi, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1970  - Sherwin Campbell, Barbadian cricketer
• 1970  - Toma Enache, Romanian film director^[29]
• 1972  - Toni Collette, Australian actress^[30]
• 1972  - Paul Dickov, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1972  - Jenny McCarthy, American actress and model
• 1972  - Glen Murray, Canadian ice hockey player^[31]
• 1973  - David Berman, American actor
• 1973  - Geoff Horsfield, English footballer and manager
• 1973  - Aishwarya Rai, Indian model and actress
• 1974  - V. V. S. Laxman, Indian cricketer
• 1975  - Bo Bice, American singer and musician
• 1975  - Keryn Jordan, South African footballer (d. 2013)
• 1975  - Megan Wing, Canadian figure skater and coach
• 1976  - Sergei Artyukhin, Russian-Belarusian wrestler (d. 2012)
• 1976  - Bryan Harsin, American college football coach^[32]
• 1977  - Steve Hutchinson, American football player^[33]
• 1978  - Helen Czerski, English physicist and oceanographer
• 1978  - Danny Koevermans, Dutch footballer and manager
• 1978  - Jessica Valenti, American author
• 1979  - Coco Crisp, American baseball player^[34]
• 1979  - Milan Dudić, Serbian footballer
• 1979  - Alex Prager, American photographer and director
• 1980  - Bilgin Defterli, Turkish footballer
• 1981  - Matt Jones, American actor and comedian
• 1982  - Bradley Orr, English footballer
• 1982  - Warren Spragg, English-Italian rugby player
• 1983  - Matt Moulson, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1983  - Yuko Ogura, Japanese model and singer
• 1983  - Jon Wilkin, English rugby player
• 1984  - Miloš Krasić, Serbian footballer
• 1984  - Natalia Tena, English actress and musician
• 1984  - Stephen Vogt, American baseball player^[35]
• 1985  - Marcus Landry, American basketball player^[36]
• 1985  - Paulo Orlando, Brazilian baseball player^[37]
• 1986  - Penn Badgley, American actor and television personality
• 1986  - Ksenija Balta, Estonian high jumper, sprinter, and heptathlete
• 1987  - Ileana D'Cruz, Indian film actress
• 1987  - Bruce Irvin, American football player^[38]
• 1988  - Masahiro Tanaka, Japanese baseball player
• 1990  - Tim Frazier, American basketball player^[39]
• 1991  - Reece Brown, English footballer
• 1991  - Anthony Ramos, American actor and singer
• 1991  - Jiang Yuyuan, Chinese gymnast
• 1992  - Semaj Christon, American basketball player^[40]
• 1994  - Brent Rooker, American baseball player^[41]
• 1994  - James Ward-Prowse, English footballer
• 1995  - Joe Chealey, American basketball player^[42]
• 1995  - Margarita Mamun, Russian gymnast
• 1996  - Jeongyeon, South Korean singer^[43]
• 1996  - Chinanu Onuaku, American basketball player^[44]
• 1996  - Lil Peep, American rapper (d. 2017)^[45]
• 1997  - Max Burkholder, American actor
• 1997  - Alex Wolff, American actor and musician
• 2001  - Alofiana Khan-Pereira, Australian rugby league player^[46]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 934  - Beornstan of Winchester, English bishop
• 970  - Boso of Merseburg, German bishop
• 1038  - Herman I, Margrave of Meissen (b. c. 980)
• 1296  - Guillaume Durand, French bishop and theologian (b. 1230)
• 1319  - Uguccione della Faggiuola, Italian condottieri (b. c. 1250)
• 1324  - John de Halton, Bishop of Carlisle
• 1391  - Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy (b. 1360)
• 1399  - John IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1339)^[47]
• 1406  - Joanna, Duchess of Brabant (b. 1322)
• 1423  - Nicholas Eudaimonoioannes, Byzantine diplomat (probable date)^[48]
• 1461  - David of Trebizond (b. 1408)
• 1496  - Filippo Buonaccorsi (Filip Callimachus), Italian humanist writer (b. 1437)
• 1546  - Giulio Romano, Italian painter and architect (b. 1499)
• 1588  - Jean Daurat, French poet and scholar (b. 1508)
• 1596  - Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (b. 1539)

1601–1900

• 1629  - Hendrick ter Brugghen, Dutch painter (b. 1588)
• 1642  - Jean Nicolet, French-Canadian explorer (b. 1598)
• 1676  - Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch minister and theologian (b. 1589)
• 1678  - William Coddington, American judge and politician, 1st Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1601)
• 1700  - Charles II of Spain (b. 1661)
• 1814  - Alexander Samoylov, Russian general and politician, Russian Minister of Justice (b. 1744)
• 1888  - Nikolay Przhevalsky, Russian geographer and explorer (b. 1838)
• 1894  - Alexander III of Russia (b. 1845)

1901–present

• 1903  - Theodor Mommsen, German archaeologist, journalist, and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1817)
• 1907  - Alfred Jarry, French author and playwright (b. 1873)
• 1920  - Kevin Barry, executed Irish Republican (b. 1902)^[49]
• 1925  - Max Linder, French actor, director, screenwriter, producer and comedian (b. 1883)
• 1938  - Charles Weeghman, American businessman (b. 1874)
• 1942  - Hugo Distler, German organist, composer, and conductor (b. 1908)
• 1952  - Dixie Lee, American singer (b. 1911)
• 1955  - Dale Carnegie, American author and educator (b. 1888)
• 1958  - Yahya Kemal Beyatlı, Turkish poet, author, and diplomat (b. 1884)
• 1962  - Ricardo Rodríguez, Mexican race car driver (b. 1942)
• 1961  - Livia Gouverneur, Venezuelan communist (b. 1941)^[50]
• 1968  - Georgios Papandreou, Greek economist and politician, 134th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1888)
• 1970  - Robert Staughton Lynd, American sociologist and academic (b. 1892)
• 1972  - Waldemar Hammenhög, Swedish author (b. 1902)
• 1972  - Robert MacArthur, Canadian-American ecologist and academic (b. 1930)
• 1972  - Ezra Pound, American poet and critic (b. 1885)
• 1982  - James Broderick, American actor and director (b. 1927)
• 1982  - King Vidor, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1894)
• 1983  - Anthony van Hoboken, Dutch-Swiss musicologist and author (b. 1887)
• 1984  - Norman Krasna, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1909)
• 1985  - Arnold Pihlak, Estonian-English footballer (b. 1902)
• 1985  - Phil Silvers, American actor and comedian (b. 1911)
• 1986  - Serge Garant, Canadian composer and conductor (b. 1929)
• 1987  - René Lévesque, Canadian journalist and politician, 23rd Premier of Quebec (b. 1922)
• 1993  - Severo Ochoa, Spanish-American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
• 1993  - A. N. Sherwin-White, English historian and scholar (b. 1911)
• 1994  - Noah Beery, Jr., American actor (b. 1913)
• 1996  - J. R. Jayewardene, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 2nd President of Sri Lanka (b. 1906)
• 1999  - Theodore Hall, American physicist and spy (b. 1925)
• 1999  - Walter Payton, American football player and race car driver (b. 1954)^[51]
• 2000  - George Armstrong, English footballer and manager (b. 1944)
• 2004  - Mac Dre, American rapper and producer, founded Thizz Entertainment (b. 1970)^[52]
• 2004  - Terry Knight, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1943)^[53]
• 2005  - Skitch Henderson, American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1918)^[54]
• 2005  - Michael Piller, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1948)^[55]
• 2006  - Adrienne Shelly, American actress, director, and screenwriter (b. 1966)^[56]
• 2006  - William Styron, American novelist and essayist (b. 1925)^[57]
• 2007  - S. Ali Raza, Indian director and screenwriter (b. 1922)^[58]
• 2007  - Paul Tibbets, American general (b. 1915)^[59]
• 2008  - Jacques Piccard, Swiss oceanographer and engineer (b. 1922)^[60]
• 2008  - Shakir Stewart, American record producer (b. 1974)^[61]
• 2008  - Yma Sumac, Peruvian-American soprano and actress (b. 1922/1923)^[62]
• 2009  - Esther Hautzig, Lithuanian-American author (b. 1930)^[63]
• 2009  - Endel Laas, Estonian scientist and academic (b. 1915)^[64]
• 2009  - Robert H. Rines, American violinist and composer (b. 1922)^[65]
• 2010  - Shannon Tavarez, American actress (b. 1999)^[66]
• 2010  - Diana Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington (b. 1922)^[67]
• 2011  - Cahit Aral, Turkish engineer and politician, Turkish Minister of Industry and Commerce (b. 1927)^[68]
• 2012  - Agustín García Calvo, Spanish poet, playwright, and philosopher (b. 1926)^[69]
• 2012  - Mitch Lucker, American singer (b. 1984)^[70]
• 2012  - Pascual Pérez, Dominican baseball player (b. 1957)^[71]
• 2013  - John Y. McCollister, American lieutenant and politician (b. 1921)^[72]
• 2013  - Piet Rietveld, Dutch economist and academic (b. 1952)^[73]
• 2014  - Joel Barnett, Baron Barnett, English accountant and politician, Chief Secretary to the Treasury (b. 1923)^[74]
• 2014  - Jackie Fairweather, Australian runner and coach (b. 1967)^[75]
• 2014  - Abednigo Ngcobo, South African footballer (b. 1950)^[76]
• 2014  - Jean-Pierre Roy, Canadian-American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (b. 1920)^[77]
• 2014  - Wayne Static, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1965)^[78]
• 2015  - Thomas R. Fitzgerald, American lawyer and judge (b. 1941)^[79]
• 2015  - Houston McTear, American sprinter (b. 1957)^[80]
• 2015  - Charles Duncan Michener, American entomologist and academic (b. 1918)^[81]
• 2015  - Günter Schabowski, German journalist and politician (b. 1929)^[82]
• 2015  - Fred Thompson, American actor, lawyer, and politician (b. 1942)^[83]
• 2020  - Keith Hitchins, American historian expert on Romanian history (b. 1931)^[84]
• 2021  - Hugo Dittfach, Canadian horse jockey (b. 1936)^[85]

• 2022  - Takeoff, member of the American hip-hop group Migos (b. 1994)^[86]

Holidays and observances

• All Saints' Day, a holy day of obligation in some areas (a national holiday in many historically Catholic countries), and its related observance:
  • Day of the Innocents, The first day of Day of the Dead or El Dia de los Muertos celebration. (Mexico, Haiti)
• Anniversary of the Revolution (Algeria)
• Chavang Kut (Mizo people of Northeast India, Bangladesh, Burma)
• Chhattisgarh Rajyotsava (Chhattisgarh, India)^[87]
• Christian feast day:
  • Austromoine
  • Benignus of Dijon
  • Caesarius of Africa
  • Santa Muerte (Folk Catholicism, Mexico and Southwestern United States)
  • November 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Coronation of the fifth Druk Gyalpo (Bhutan)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Antigua and Barbuda from the United Kingdom in 1981.
• Karnataka Rajyotsava (Karnataka, India)
• Kerala Day (Kerala, India)
• Liberty Day (United States Virgin Islands)
• International Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Awareness Day
• National Brush Day (United States)
• National Awakening Day (Bulgaria)
• Self-Defense Forces Commemoration Day (Japan)
• The first day of winter observances:
  • Calan Gaeaf, celebrations start at sunset of October 31. (Wales)
  • Samhain in the Northern Hemisphere and Beltane in the Southern Hemisphere, celebrations start at sunset of October 31 (Neopagan Wheel of the Year)
• World Vegan Day

External links

• Web site: On This Day . BBC.
  • Web site: Historical Events on November 1 . OnThisDay.com.

Notes and References

1. Web site: History. Juventus Football Club S.p.A.. 15 July 2022.
2. Web site: Lahden kaupungin perustaminen. Tradicii.info. July 18, 2022. fi.
3. Book: Sokol, Anthony. 1968. The Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Navy. United States Naval Institute. Annapolis. 462208412.
4. Web site: The history of Finnair . 2023-11-01 . company.finnair.com . en.
5. Web site: Ranter. Harro. ASN Aircraft accident Douglas C-54B-10-DO (DC-4) N88727 Washington-National Airport, DC (DCA). 2021-10-31. aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network.
6. Mason . Caroline F. V. . Professor Emerita Darleane Christian Hoffman: Determination Wins . ACS Symposium Series . January 2018 . 1311 . 312 . 10.1021/bk-2018-1311.ch014.
7. Web site: Mexico Desconocido. Griselda Álvarez: la primera mujer gobernadora en México. Oct 6, 2019. Oct 21, 2019. es. Griselda Álvarez: The first female governor in Mexico.
8. Book: Hughes . James . Chechnya: from nationalism to jihad . 2007 . University of Pennsylvania Press . Philadelphia . 9780812202311 . 25.
9. Web site: Founding agreements . . Principles and values . 10 April 2022.
10. Web site: 28 October 2013 . US War in Afghanistan . 2022-01-11 . CNN.
11. News: Kort . Katharina . 29 September 2009 . Super-Mario für die EZB . .
12. Book: Jean-Charles-Léonard Simonde Sismondi. The French Under the Merovingians. 1850. W. &. T. Piper. 368.
13. Book: Assaf Pinkus. Patrons and Narratives of the Parler School: The Marian Tympana 1350-1400. 2009. Deutscher Kunstverlag. 978-3-422-06819-3. 101.
14. Book: Lincoln's Inn (London, England). Library. Frederick William Halfpenny. Catalogue of Books on Foreign Law: Founded on the Collection Presented by Charles Purton Cooper, Esq., to the Society of Lincoln's Inn. 1849. C. Roworth and sons. 140.
15. Book: Fuhring . Peter . Marchesano . Louis . Mathis . Remi . Selbach . Vanessa . A Kingdom of Images: French Prints in the Age of Louis XIV, 1660–1715 . 18 June 2015 . Getty Publications . 978-1-60606-450-4 . 81 . en.
16. Encyclopedia: cs2 . Irwin . David . Antonio Canova, marchese d'Ischia | Italian sculptor . Britannica.com . 1 April 2017.
17. Web site: The Life and Times of Caroline Still Anderson · William Still: An African-American Abolitionist. stillfamily.library.temple.edu. 2019-02-19.
18. Web site: Brooks . Kylie . Artwork of the Week: November 1, 2020 . BYU Museum of Art . November 2020 . 2 June 2022 . en.
19. Book: Biro, Matthew. The Dada Cyborg: Visions of the New Human in Weimar Berlin. Minneapolis. University of Minnesota Press. 2009. 199. 978-0-81663-620-4.
20. Web site: Famous birthdays for Nov. 1: Jenny McCarthy, Anthony Kiedis . . 31 October 2023 . 1 November 2022.
21. Web site: Andy Tonkovich . . 31 October 2023.
22. Web site: Joe Caldwell . . 31 October 2023.
23. News: Risen . Clay . 2024-06-27 . Kinky Friedman, 79, Dies; Musician and Humorist Slew Sacred Cows . 2024-06-29 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
24. Web site: Ted Hendricks . . 24 October 2022.
25. Web site: Rose . Mike . Today's famous birthdays list for November 1, 2022 includes celebrities Jenny McCarthy, Anthony Kiedis . . . 31 October 2023 . 1 November 2022.
26. Book: Kiedis . Anthony . Anthony Kiedis . Sloman . Larry . Scar Tissue . . October 6, 2004 . 1-4013-0101-0 . Scar Tissue (autobiography).
27. Web site: Ashab Uddin. My Neta. 12 December 2020.
28. Web site: Gary Alexander Stats. Basketball-Reference.com.
29. News: Regizorul Toma Enache ne povestește adevăruri pe care nu avem voie să le uităm. Dani. Godja. Elita României. 5 October 2019. ro.
30. Web site: Toni Collette Biography, Movies, & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 31 August 2020 . en.
31. Web site: Glen Murray . . 31 October 2023.
32. Web site: Auburn football, at long last, has fired Bryan Harsin: Best memes and tweets . 31 October 2022 .
33. Web site: Steve Hutchinson . . 31 October 2023.
34. Web site: Coco Crisp . . 31 October 2023.
35. Web site: Stephen Vogt . . 31 October 2023.
36. Web site: Marcus Landry . . 31 October 2023.
37. Web site: Paulo Orlando . . 31 October 2023.
38. Web site: Bruce Irvin . . 31 October 2023.
39. Web site: Tim Frazier . . 31 October 2023.
40. Web site: Semaj Christon . . 31 October 2023.
41. Web site: Brent Rooker #25 . 10 April 2024 . Major League Baseball.
42. Web site: Joe Chealey . . 31 October 2023.
43. Web site: K-Pop Girl Group Twice Members Profile - Channel-K. nanakudo. 10 June 2019.
44. Web site: Chinanu Onuaku . . 31 October 2023.
45. Web site: Lil Peep, Rapper Who Blended Hip-Hop and Emo, Is Dead at 21 . . 9 July 2024.
46. Web site: Alofiana Khan-Pereira - Career Stats & Summary. www.rugbyleagueproject.org. 18 March 2023.
47. Michael Jones, Ducal Brittany, 1364–1399: relations with England and France during the reign of Duke John IV, Oxford University Press, 1970, pp. 106, 123–4, 128, 130, 200.
48. Charalambakis . Pantelis . Οι Δαιμονοϊωάννηδες (13ος-17ος αἰ.) . Λακωνικαί Σπουδαί: Περιοδικόν σύγγραμμα της Εταιρείας Λακωνικών Σπουδών . Society for Laconian Studies . Athens . XIX . 2010 . 194–195 . el . 1105-0349 .
49. O'Donovan, Donal. Kevin Barry and His Time, Glendale, Dublin, 1989; ISBN 0-907606-68-7, p.15.
50. Book: Sorenson, John L. . Unconventional Warfare and the Venezuelan Society . 1964 . U.S. Naval Ordnance Test Station . 83 . en.
51. News: Walter Payton, Extraordinary Running Back for Chicago Bears, Dies at 45. The New York Times. Litsky. Frank. November 2, 1999.
52. News: Rapper Mac Dre slain in Kansas City / This time rumors of his death are true -- he was killed in a freeway shooting. November 2, 2004. 14 March 2020. Demian. Bulwa. SFGate.
53. News: Obituary: Terry Knight . Laing . Dave . 17 November 2004 . . 14 March 2020. 0261-3077.
54. Web site: 'Tonight Show' bandleader Skitch Henderson dies: New York Pops founder was 87 . 2 November 2005 . CNN . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20051125171036/http://www.cnn.com/2005/SHOWBIZ/Music/11/02/henderson.obit.ap/index.html . 25 November 2005 .
55. News: Michael Piller, 57; Was a Force Behind Later 'Star Trek' Series . Valerie J. . Nelson . 3 November 2005 . . 14 March 2020.
56. Web site: Brooklyn Man Charged with Murder of Actress . 7 November 2006 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20061107125605/http://wcbstv.com/topstories/local_story_306192615.html . 7 November 2006 .
57. News: William Styron, a Leading Novelist, Dies at 81 . Lehmann-Haupt . Christopher . 1 November 2006 . The New York Times . 14 March 2020.
58. News: 'Mother India' writer passes away. 2 November 2007. The Times of India. 19 January 2018. https://archive.today/20180119215507/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mother-India-writer-passes-away/articleshow/2510445.cms. 19 January 2018. live. TNN. dmy-all.
59. News: Paul W. Tibbets Jr., Pilot of Enola Gay, Dies at 92. Goldstein. Richard. 1 November 2007. The New York Times. 14 March 2020. 0362-4331.
60. Web site: Deep-sea adventurer Jacques Piccard is dead . 1 November 2008 . . 14 March 2020.
61. Def Jam Exec VP Shakir Stewart Commits Suicide . Mariel . Concepcion . 1 November 2008 . Billboard . 14 March 2020.
62. News: Yma Sumac: Peruvian-born singer marketed in the US as an Inca princess . Garth . Cartwright . 17 November 2008 . . 14 March 2020.
63. Web site: Esther Hautzig, author of wartime survival tale. 13 December 2009. The Scotsman. en. 14 March 2020.
64. News: Lahkus Tähtvere dendropargi rajaja. 2 November 2009. Tartu Postimees. 14 March 2020. et. The founder of Tähtvere Dendro Park has died.
65. News: Robert Rines, 87, composer, professor, founder of law center, seeker of 'Nessie'. Marquard. Bryan. 3 November 2009. Boston Globe. 14 March 2020.
66. Web site: Shannon Tavarez . Playbill . 8 April 2020 . en.
67. News: General's discreet daughter kept stiff upper lip. November 23, 2010. March 14, 2020. Sydney Morning Herald.
68. Web site: Eski Bakan Cahit Aral vefat etti! . 1 November 2011 . www.haberturk.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141010191121/http://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/684690-eski-bakan-cahit-aral-vefat-etti . 10 October 2014.
69. News: El escritor García Calvo recibe sepultura en Zamora en un acto sencillo. es. The writer García Calvo is buried in Zamora in a simple act. November 2, 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20121103235436/http://noticias.lainformacion.com/interes-humano/funeral/el-escritor-garcia-calvo-recibe-sepultura-en-zamora-en-un-acto-sencillo_0iw52f3A4CVhuRWjp7dfl3/. November 3, 2012.
70. News: Mitch Lucker Dead: Suicide Silence Frontman Killed In Motorcycle Crash. November 4, 2012. HuffPost.
71. News: Arrests made in Pascual Perez killing. November 4, 2012. ESPN.
72. News: Former Rep. John Y. McCollister dies at 92. dead. https://archive.today/20131101161155/http://www.omaha.com/article/20131101/NEWS/131109839/1685#selection-1897.0-1897.42. November 1, 2013. November 1, 2013. Omaha World-Herald.
73. News: In memoriam Piet Rietveld. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131104072804/http://www.tinbergen.nl/news/memoriam-piet-rietveld/. November 4, 2013.
74. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-29877123 Lord Barnett, creator of formula for UK spending allocations, dies
75. Web site: Jackie Fairweather: Australian athletics community mourns death of world champion. Gavel. Time. 4 November 2014. ABC.net.au.
76. Mark Gleeson: ″Kaizer Chiefs legend Shaka Ngcobo dies.″ In: Business Day (South Africa), 3 November 2014.
77. http://ici.radio-canada.ca/sports/plussports/2014/11/01/002-jean-pierre-roy-royaux-montreal-floride-94-ans.shtml Jean-Pierre Roy s'éteint à 94 ans
78. Web site: STATIC-X Frontman WAYNE STATIC Dead At 48. November 2014 . Blabbermouth.net. March 14, 2020.
79. News: Thomas Fitzgerald, former Illinois Supreme Court chief justice, dies at 74. November 3, 2015. 14 March 2020. Chicago Tribune. Joan Giangrasse. Kates.
80. News: Former world record-holder McTear dies. 2 November 2015. 14 March 2020.
81. News: Charles Michener, 'patriarch' of bee research, dies at 97. November 2, 2015. March 14, 2020. Sara. Shepherd. Lawrence Journal-World.
82. News: Guenter Schabowski, East German official who announced opening of Berlin Wall, dies at 86. November 1, 2015. March 14, 2020. Geir. Moulson. USA News.
83. News: Fred Thompson, with larger-than-life persona, dies at 73. November 1, 2015. March 14, 2020. Dave. Boucher. Joey. Garrison. The Tennessean.
84. News: Keith Arnold Hitchins. The News-Gazette. 15 November 2020.
85. Web site: Canadian Hall of Fame Jockey Hugo Dittfach Dies at 85 . Bloodhorse . Bloodhorse Staff . 6 December 2021.
86. Web site: US rapper Takeoff, 28, shot dead in Houston, Texas. The Advertiser. 2 November 2022.
87. Web site: Five states celebrate foundation day: Whoever lives in Karnataka must learn Kannada, says CM Siddaramaiah. 2017-11-01. The Indian Express. en-IN. 2019-06-05.