| Sport: | Baseball |
| Inaugural: | 1879 |
| Folded: | 1891 |
| Teams: | 4 to 12 each season |
| Country: | United States |
The Northwestern League was a sports league that operated in the Central United States during the early years of professional baseball for six seasons: 1879, 1883–1884, 1886–1887, and 1891. After the 1887 season, the league was replaced by the Western Association,[1] although the Northwestern League returned for its final season in 1891 as an independent baseball league.
The Northwestern League of 1883–1884 is considered the first baseball "minor league", as it was party to the National Agreement of 1883, along with the National League and American Association, whereby the leagues agreed to honor each other's suspensions, expulsions, and player reserve clauses, and established territorial rights.[2]
An unrelated Northwestern League, located in the Pacific Northwest, later formed in 1905.
The league operated for a total of six seasons, during a span of 13 years.
Four teams participated in the 1879 season, which ran from May 1 to July 7.
| Team | Record | Manager | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Ted Sullivan | |||
| 5 | James McKee | |||
| 11 | ||||
| 12 | J. W. Green |
The 1883 season featured eight teams and ran from May 1 to September 29.
| Team | Record | Manager | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | William Voltz / Charlie Morton | |||
| 2 | Arthur Whitney | |||
| 7 | Charles Flynn / Charles Levis / A. C. Harding | |||
| Grand Rapids (MI) | 8 | Charles Eden / Henry Jones | ||
| Springfield (IL) | 19 | C. J. Frichtel / John Peters / John Crawford | ||
| Bay City (MI) | 21 | John Crawford / William Montgomery / Chester Morgan | ||
| 22 | Jack Remsen / Milton Scott | |||
| 33 | Charles Overrecker / Ed Hengel / Dickey Pearce |
The 1884 season began on May 1 with 12 teams. The Bay City team disbanded in late July and was replaced by Evansville. In early August, multiple other teams disbanded.[6] Play continued through August 13, at which time Milwaukee had the best record of teams still active.[7] Milwaukee was later offered the league championship for the abbreviated season, but declined it.
| Team | Record | Manager | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grand Rapids (MI) | — | Horace Phillips | ||
| William Dyer | ||||
| George Brackett | ||||
| 9 | James Whitfield / Charles Flynn | |||
| Charles Cushman / James McKee / Tom Loftus | ||||
| Benjamin Tuthill | ||||
| Muskegon (MI) | 27 | A. R. Bradford / Charles Cushman / John Rainey | ||
| 29 | John McDonough / Harry Smith | |||
| Robert Hunter / Andrew Thompson | ||||
| Stillwater (MN) | 31 | Joseph May / Joe Miller / Fred Gunkle / John Peters | ||
| Terre Haute (IN) | 36 | Al Buckenberger / George Hammerstein | ||
| Evansville (IN) | n/a | Stephen Hagan | ||
| Bay City (MI) | n/a | Bill Watkins |
The league reorganized on August 14, and started a second season with a limited schedule of 24 games planned for each of four teams.[8] This short season would also end early due to financial difficulties, with the final game played on September 7.[9]
| Team | Record | Manager | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Tom Loftus | |||
| 2 | Benjamin Tuthill | |||
| Andrew Thompson | ||||
| John Rainey |
The St. Paul and Milwaukee teams were late-season additions to the major league Union Association.[10] [11]
See main article: St. Paul Saints (UA) and Milwaukee Brewers (UA).
In 1886, the league was recreated when the Duluth Jayhawks; Eau Claire Lumbermen; St. Paul Freezers, Minneapolis Millers, Milwaukee Brewers, and the Oshkosh, Wisconsin based Oshkosh team composed the league. Duluth won the championship.[12]
In 1887, the Northwestern League featured the Des Moines Hawkeyes, Duluth Freezers, Eau Claire, LaCrosse Freezers, Milwaukee Cream Citys, Minneapolis Millers, Oshkosh and the St. Paul Saints. Oshkosh won the championship.[13]
Bay City
Dayton
Ft. Wayne
League president: W. H. Ketcham
| Team Standings | W | L | PCT | GB | Manager(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evansville Hoosiers | 44 | 29 | .603 | – | ||
| Ft. Wayne | 39 | 33 | .542 | 4.5 | ||
| Terre Haute Hottentots | 28 | 41 | .406 | 14 | Billy Clingman / George Brackett | |
| Grand Rapids Shamrocks | 28 | 44 | .389 | 15.5 | John Murphy | |
| 42 | 17 | .712 | NA | George Brackett | ||
| Dayton | 27 | 30 | .474 | NA | Harry Fisher | |
| Bay City | 12 | 17 | .414 | NA | Fred Craves / John Whalen | |
| 10 | 19 | .345 | NA |
Schedule:[14]