| Northern | |
| Franchise: | Northern |
| Start Year: | |
| End Year: | |
| Nameforarea: | region |
| Regions: | |
| Secregions: | |
| Parent Company: | DfT OLR Holdings |
| Marks: | NT[1] |
| Predecessor: | Arriva Rail North |
| Headquarters: | York[2] |
| Fleet: | 368 |
| Stations: | 474[3] |
Northern Trains,[4] trading as Northern, is a British train operating company owned by DfT OLR Holdings for the Department for Transport (DfT), after the previous operator Arriva Rail North had its franchise terminated at the end of February 2020.
The company commenced operating the Northern franchise on 1 March 2020, taking over from Arriva Rail North. The prior operator had its franchise terminated early by the DfT in January 2020 amid widespread dissatisfaction over its performance, particularly in respect of poorly implemented timetable changes. The DfT had opted to hand the operation of the franchise over to the operator of last resort. At the commencement of operations, Northern publicly stated that its immediate aims were to improve service reliability and to proceed with the introduction of new rolling stock. For the latter, both the Class 195 diesel multiple units and Class 331 electric multiple units were brought into service fully during December 2020.
Services have been disrupted by wider events, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic. Northern is also being affected by the 2022–2024 United Kingdom railway strikes, the largest national rail strikes in the UK in three decades.
In December 2015, the Department for Transport (DfT) awarded Arriva a contract to operate the Northern franchise as Arriva Rail North. It commenced in April 2016 and was originally scheduled to run until March 2025.[5] [6] Within two years, the franchise was being widely criticised, in particular for troubled implementation of a new timetable in May 2018 that resulted in widespread delays and cancellations.[7] [8] Later in 2018 performance continued to suffer, with many passengers protesting and a reduced service on Saturdays due to industrial action.[9] [10] [11] [12] By November 2018, Arriva were re-evaluating their future involvement in the franchise due to a combination of declining passenger numbers as a result of the chaotic May 2018 timetable change and increasing compensation claims as a result of falling punctuality.[13]
In June 2019, the DfT's operator of last resort, DfT OLR Holdings, conducted due diligence into the franchise believing the both operational and financial performance to be "unsustainable".[14] In October 2019, the Secretary of State for Transport, Grant Shapps, issued a request for proposals to incumbent operator Arriva and the operator of last resort, which would result in termination of the franchise with either Arriva to be awarded a short-term management contract or the operator of last resort to take over.[15] In January 2020, Shapps publicly criticised Arriva's operation of the Northern franchise and suggested that the Government may step in to revoke its franchise agreement, bluntly referring to the service as "completely unacceptable".[16]
On 29 January 2020, the DfT announced its decision to terminate Arriva Rail North as operator of the franchise, to be taken over by the DfT's operator of last resort.[17] [18] [19] This was the first time that a franchise has been removed from a train operating company due to poor performance since Connex South Eastern in 2003. On 1 March 2020, the franchise became directly operated by DfT OLR Holdings with the stated objective to "stabilise performance and restore reliability for passengers".[20] [21]
By mid-2020, Northern had considerably curtailed its services in response to the significant decline of passenger travel amid the COVID-19 pandemic.[22] [23] From 15 June 2020, both passengers and staff on public transport in England, including Northern services, were required to wear face coverings while travelling, and that anyone failing to do so would be liable to be refused travel or fined.[24] [25]
In 2021 Northern was given a contract by the Department for Transport to run services for three years, with an optional extension of a further two years.[26] The contract was updated in 2022, to run until 1 March 2025.[27]
Northern is one of several train operators affected by the 2022–2024 United Kingdom railway strikes, which are the first national rail strikes in the UK for three decades.[28] Its workers are amongst those who voted to take industrial action due a dispute over pay and working conditions.[29] Northern urged the travelling public to avoid travelling on its services on any of the planned dates for the strikes, being only capable of operating a minimal timetable due to the number of staff involved.[30] [31]
Northern took over all the services operated by Arriva Rail North on 1 March 2020.
Below is a simplified list of frequent Monday to Saturday off-peak services, as of December 2023 timetables.[32] Due to the extensive nature of the network, it has been split by region, then majority rail line. One of the changes to the December timetable is the four trains per day service between Huddersfield and Castleford (which was frequently run as a bus rail replacement service), has been moved to TransPennine Express, and extended to start at, and run to via .[33]
| Tyne Valley, Durham Coast, Esk Valley Lines and East Coast Main Line | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| Carlisle to | 1 |
| |
| Hexham to | 1 | ||
| Middlesbrough to | |||
| to Newcastle | 1 | ||
| Tees Valley Line | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| Saltburn to | 1 | ||
| Furness, Windermere and Cumbrian Coast lines | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 1 |
| |
| Barrow-in-Furness to | 1 |
| |
| to | 1 |
| |
| Morecambe branch line | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 1 |
| |
| Liverpool–Wigan and Blackpool branch lines | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 2 | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| to Blackpool North | 2 | ||
| Preston to | 1 | ||
| East Lancashire and Ormskirk branch lines | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| to Preston | 1 | ||
| Liverpool–Manchester lines | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 1 |
| |
| Liverpool Lime Street to Warrington Central | 1 | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| to Liverpool Lime Street | 1 |
| |
| to | 2tpd |
| |
| Crewe-Manchester, Mid-Cheshire, Stafford–Manchester, and Buxton lines | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| 1 | |||
| Manchester Piccadilly to Alderley Edge | 1 | ||
| Manchester Piccadilly to | 1 | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| to | 1 |
| |
| to Hazel Grove | 1 | ||
| Glossop and Hope Valley lines | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 2 | ||
| Manchester Piccadilly to | |||
| Manchester Piccadilly to | 1 | ||
| Manchester Piccadilly to | 1 | ||
| Manchester–Southport and Kirkby branch lines | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| Ribble Valley line | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| to Rochdale | 1 | ||
| Huddersfield Line | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to Huddersfield | 1 | ||
| Wharfedale and Airedale lines | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 2 | ||
| Leeds to | 2 | ||
| Bradford Forster Square to Ilkley | 2 | ||
| Leeds to | 2 | ||
| Bradford Forster Square to Skipton | 2 | ||
| Harrogate Line | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to via | 2 | ||
| Pontefract Line | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to via | 1 |
| |
| Leeds to Knottingley via | 1 | ||
| Wakefield Line | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| Leeds to via Wakefield Westgate | 1 | ||
| Penistone Line | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| Hallam Line | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to via | 1 | ||
| Leeds to | 1 | ||
| Sheffield–Lincoln line | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| Sheffield to | 1 | . See
| |
| York and Selby Lines | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to via | 1 | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| South Humberside Main Line, Dearne Valley Line and Yorkshire Coast line | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | |||
| to | 1 | ||
| Sheffield to | 3 | ||
| Doncaster to Hull Paragon | 1 |
| |
| Sheffield to | 1 | ||
| Bridlington to | 1 | ||
| Settle to Carlisle and Leeds to Morecambe | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | |||
| Leeds to | |||
| Calder Valley line | |||
| Route | Calling at | ||
| to | 1 | ||
| Leeds to | 1 | ||
| Leeds to | 1 | ||
| Leeds to | 1 | ||
See main article: Parliamentary train. Twice weekly on Saturday mornings, once in each direction, Northern operates a parliamentary train on the Stockport–Stalybridge line between and calling at,, and .[34] [35] From 1992 until 2018, this service ran once weekly.[36]
Multiple campaigns were conducted to request increase in services to the line,[37] but in 2022, Transport for Greater Manchester published two surveys in relation to the line.[38]
As of May 2023, there is one train per day between and, via and . This service runs on weekdays only.[39] The service was suspended between January and October 2022 due to concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic.[40] Between October 1993 and May 2023, this service ran on Saturdays only, but had three trains each way and on weekdays, a few peak services terminated at .
Northern took over all of the rolling stock operated by its predecessor, namely Class 142, 144, 150, 153, 155, 156, 158, 170 and 195 diesel multiple units and Class 319, 321, 322, 323, 331 and 333 electric multiple units. All Class 321 and 322 units were withdrawn in mid-2020 and moved to Greater Anglia.[41] All Class 153s were sent to storage by December 2021.[42] 23 Class 156 units were transferred from East Midlands Railway, which includes eight of the nine Class 156/9 units formerly used by Greater Anglia,[43] although they were renumbered back to 156/4s before the transfer.[44] For the December timetable change in 2022, five more Class 156 units were transferred.[45] The final Class 156 units were delivered in May 2023.[46] The Class 319s were withdrawn on 2 January 2024.[47]
| Family | Class | Image | Type | Top speed | Number | Carriages | Routes | Built | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mph | km/h | ||||||||
| Diesel multiple units | |||||||||
| Sprinter | 150 | DMU | 75 | 121 | 6 | 3 | Lancashire, Greater Manchester, Liverpool, West Yorkshire, North Lincolnshire, South Yorkshire and Derbyshire[48] | 19841987 | |
| 69 | 2 | 19851987 | |||||||
| 155 Super Sprinter | 7 | 2 | York, Leeds, Hull Paragon and Scarborough | 19871988 | |||||
| 156 Super Sprinter | 66[49] | 2 | North East, Cumbrian Coast, Lancashire and Cumbria, Merseyside and Cheshire | 19871989 | |||||
| 158 Express Sprinter | 90 | 145 | 45 | 2 | South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, Lancashire, Fylde Coast, North Yorkshire and the North East | 19901992 | |||
| 8 | 3 | ||||||||
| Bombardier Turbostar | 170 | 100 | 161 | 16 | 3 | Scarborough - Sheffield, Leeds - York via Harrogate | 20032005 | ||
| CAF Civity | 195 | 25 | 2 | Manchester - Derbyshire, Sheffield, Liverpool, Leeds and Barrow in Furness, York - Blackpool, Windermere and Chester - Leeds | 20172020 | ||||
| 33 | 3 | ||||||||
| Electric multiple units | |||||||||
| Hunslet Transportation Projects/Holec[50] | 323 | EMU | 90 | 145 | 21[51] | 3 | Manchester-Hadfield, Manchester-Stoke-on-Trent, Manchester-Crewe, and Liverpool-Manchester Airport | 19921995 | |
| CAF Civity | 331 | 100 | 161 | 31 | 3 | Blackpool North - Manchester Airport, Liverpool, Leeds - Skipton, Bradford Forster Square, Doncaster, Ilkley, Bradford Forster Square - Skipton, Ilkley | 20172020 | ||
| 12 | 4 | Electric services in the North West.[52] | |||||||
| CAF/Siemens Transportation Systems | 333 | 16 | 4 | Leeds - Bradford Forster Square, Skipton, Ilkley, Bradford Forster Square - Skipton, Ilkley | 20002003 | ||||
| Bi-mode multiple units | |||||||||
| BR Second Generation (Mark 3) | 769 Flex | BMU | 100 | 161 | 8[53] | 4 | - and | 20172020 (19871988 as Class 319) | |
In August 2023, Northern issued a tender to acquire a contract for up to 450 new trains to replace the older rolling stock in their fleet.[54]
In 2024 Northern issued a tender for up to 329 new trains.[55]
17 Class 323s are to be transferred from West Midlands Trains.[56] [57]
Former train types operated by Northern include:
| Class | Image | Type | Top speed | Number | Carriages | Routes | Notes | Built | Left fleet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mph | km/h | |||||||||
| 142 Pacer | DMU | 75 | 121 | 79 | 2 | Local and commuter services across the North | Replaced by Class 150, Class 156, Class 158, Class 170, and Class 195 units. | 2020 | ||
| 144 Pacer | 23 | 19861987 | ||||||||
| 153 Super Sprinter | 17 | 1 | Replaced by units, later sent to storage | 19871988 | ||||||
| Class 319/3 | EMU | 100 | 161 | 19 | 4 | Electrified commuter services in the North West | Replaced by Class 331 units. | 1990 | 2024 | |
| 321 | 3 | Electrified commuter services in West Yorkshire | Replaced by Class 331 units | 1991 | 2020 | |||||
| 322 | 5 | 1990 | ||||||||
Northern currently has depots for its train crew at (conductors),[60],[61],[61],,, [61] (drivers),,,,,,,[61],,[62] (conductors),,[61], Skipton,, [61] and .[61]
Northern's fleet is maintained at depots listed in the table below:
| Depot | Allocation | Servicing | Nearest station | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allerton TMD | 08, 323,[63] 331, 769 | 150, 156, 195 | ||
| Blackburn King Street TMD | None | 150, 156, 195 | ||
| Botanic Gardens TMD | 170 | 155, 158 | ||
| Heaton TMD | 156, 158 | |||
| Holbeck TMD | None | 150, 158, 195 | ||
| Newton Heath TMD | 150, 156, 195 | 158, 769 | ||
| Neville Hill TMD | 08, 150, 155, 158, 170, 331, 333[64] | 195 | ||
| Wigan Springs Branch TMD | None | 158, 195, 331, 769 |