Northern Altai language explained
| Northern Altai |
| Nativename: | тӱндӱк алтай тили, |
| States: | Russia |
| Region: | Altai Republic
Altai Krai |
| Date: | 2010 |
| Ref: | e25 |
| Familycolor: | Altaic |
| Fam1: | Turkic |
| Fam2: | Common Turkic |
| Fam3: | Siberian Turkic |
| Fam4: | South Siberian |
| Fam5: | Yenisei Turkic |
| Script: | Cyrillic |
| Iso3: | atv |
| Glotto: | nort2686 |
| Glottorefname: | Northern Altai |
| Dia1: | Kumandy |
| Dia2: | Chelkan |
| Dia3: | Tubalar? |
| Map: | Altay.svg |
| Mapalt: | Map showing the locations of the Northern and Southern Altai varieties in Russia |
| Mapcaption: | Map showing the locations of the Northern and Southern Altai varieties in Russia |
| Ethnicity: | Northern Altai |
Northern Altai or Northern Altay is a collective name for several tribal moribund Turkic dialects spoken in the Altai Republic of Russia.[1] Though traditionally considered one language, Southern Altai and the Northern varieties are not fully mutually intelligible. Written Altai is based on Southern Altai, and is rejected by Northern Altai children.
Northern Altai is written in Cyrillic. In 2006, in the Altay kray, an alphabet was created for the Kumandin variety.[2]
Phonology
Northern Altai has 8 vowels, which may be long or short, and 20 consonants, plus marginal consonants that occur only in loan words.[3]
Vowels
Northern Altai vowels!!Front!Back| High | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ |
|---|
| Low | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | |
|---|
Consonants
Northern Altai consonants!!Labial!Alveolar!Post-alveloar!Velar!Uvular| Plosive | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ |
|---|
| Affricate | | pronounced as /ink/ | | |
|---|
| Fricative | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ |
|---|
| Nasal | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | | pronounced as /ink/ |
|---|
| Trill | | pronounced as /ink/ | | | |
|---|
| Approximant | | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | | | |
|---|
Demographics
According to data from the 2002 Russian Census, 65,534 people in Russia stated that they have command of the Altay language.[4] Only around 10% of them speak Northern Altay varieties, while the remaining speak Southern Altay varieties. Furthermore, according to some data, only 2% of Altays fluently speak the Altay language.[5]
Varieties
Northern Altay consists of the following varieties:
- Kumandin dialect (also Qubandy/Quwandy). 1,862 Kumandins claim to know their national language,[6] but 1,044 people were registered as knowing Kumandy.[7] Kumandy has the following three sub-varieties:[8]
- Turačak
- Solton
- Starobardinian
- Chelkan dialect (also Kuu/Quu, Chalkandu/Shalkanduu, Lebedin). 466 Chelkans claim to speak their national language, and 539 people in all claim to know Chelkan.
The Tubalar language (also known as Tuba language), is also often ascribed to belong to the Northern Altai group, but its relation to other languages is dubious and it may belong to Kipchak languages.[9] 408 Tubalars claim to know their national language, and 436 people in all reported knowing Tuba.
Closely related to the northern varieties of Altay are the of the Shor language and the of the Chulym language.
Linguistic features
The following features refer to the outcome of commonly used Turkic isoglosses in Northern Altay.[10] [11] [12]
- */ag/ — Proto-Turkic */ag/ is found in three variations throughout Northern Altay: /u/, /aw/, /aʁ/
- */eb/ — Proto-Turkic */eb/ is found as either /yj/ or /yg/, depending on the variety
- */VdV/ — With a few lexical exceptions (likely borrowings), proto-Turkic intervocalic */d/ results in /j/.
External links
- Web site: Кумандинский язык . 2022-05-31 . Малые языки России . ru. Page about the Kumandy variety with maps and grammatical information.
- Web site: Челканский язык . 2022-05-31 . Малые языки России . ru. Page about the Chelkan variety with maps and grammatical information.
- Web site: Тубаларский . 2022-05-31 . Малые языки России . ru. Page about the Tubalar variety with maps and grammatical information.
Notes and References
- Web site: Northern Altai . . 2021-07-15.
- http://www.indigenous.ru/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=215 В Алтайском крае издана азбука кумандинского языка. 2006
- Book: Baskakov, N.A. . Tyurkskie yazyki . 1997 . Kyrgyzstan . 978-5-655-01214-1 . Jazyki mira / Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Jazykoznanija. [Glav. red. koll.: V. N. Jarceva (otv. red.) ...] . Biškek . ru:Языки мира: тюркские языки . Languages of the world: Turkic languages . Altaysky yazyk . ru:Алтайский язык . Altai language . 42579926 . Institut Jazykoznanija.
- http://perepis2002.ru/index.html?id=44 Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года. Том 13. «Коренные малочисленные народы Российской Федерации»
- http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/80/1008043/1008043a1.htm Энциклопедия «Кругосвет»
- http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_13_02.htm Russian census figures
- http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_04_04.htm Russian census figures
- BASKAKOV . N. A. . 1958 . LA CLASSIFICATION DES DIALECTES DE LA LANGUE TURQUE D'ALTAÏ . Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae . 8 . 1 . 9–15 . 23682215 . 0001-6446.
- Book: Tubalarskie ėti︠u︡dy. 2009. IMLI RAN. Tatevosov, S. G. (Sergeĭ Georgievich), Татевосов, С. Г. (Сергей Георгиевич), Moskovskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. M.V. Lomonosova. Filologicheskiĭ fakulʹtet., Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова. Филологический факультет.. 9785920803504. Moskva. 613983309.
- Book: Baskakov, Nikolay Aleksandrovich. Диалект Черневых Татар (Туба-Кижи): грамматический очерк и словарь.. Nikolay Aleksandrovich Baskakov . Наука. 1966. Moscow.
- Book: Baskakov, Nikolay Aleksandrovich. Диалект Кумандинцев (Куманды-Кижи): грамматический очерк, тексты, переводы и словарь.. Наука. Nikolay Aleksandrovich Baskakov . 1972. Москва.
- Book: Baskakov, Nikolay Aleksandrovich. Диалект Лебединских Татар-Чалканцев (Куу-Кижи). Nikolay Aleksandrovich Baskakov . Наука. 1985. Москва.
